Wikipedia

Kankere ya mabele

Kankere ya Lebele ke kankere e e tlhagelelang mo ditshikeng tsa mabele.[7] Dikai tsa kankere ya Lebele di akaretsa go nna le legogo mo lebeleng, go fetoga ga popego ya Lebele, go tlhotlhorega ga letlalo, matute/metsi a a tswang mo lebeleng, lebele le le sa tswang go retologa, kgotsa letlalo le lehibidu kgotsa le le nang le dipatso.[1] Mo go ba ba nang le kanamo e e kgakala ya bolwetse, go ka nna le ditlhabi tsa marapo, go ruruga ga dilimfenoutu, go tlhaela mowa, kgotsa letlalo le le serolwana.[8]

Kankere ya Lebele
Setshwantsho:Kankere ya Lebele.png
Kankere ya Lebele mo lebeleng la moja
Specialty[[Ngwaka ya Kankere]
DikaiGo nna le kgopa mo sehubeng, go fetoga ga popego ya sehuba, go nna le marontho mo letlalong, seedi se se tswang mo thining, thining e e sa tswang go menoga, letlalo le lehibidu le le nang le makape mo sehubeng[1]
Risk factorsGo nna mosadi, obesity, go sa itshidila mmele, bojalwa, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, early age at first menstruation, Go nna le bana morago ga nako kgotsa go sa nna le bana gotlhelele,bogodi , ga o kile wa amiwa ke bolwetsi pele, ditso tsa kankere mo lwapeng, Klinefelter syndrome[1][2][3]
Diagnostic methodTissue biopsy[1]
TreatmentLoaro, go tshubiwa ka marang, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy[1]
PrognosisFive-year survival rate ≈85% (US, UK)[4][5]
Frequency2.1 million affected as of 2018[6]
Deaths627,000 (2018)[6]

Dintlha tse di kotsi tsa go nna le kankere ya Leele di akaretsa go nna mosadi, bokima jo bo feteletseng, go tlhoka go ikatisa mmele, botagwa, kalafi ya go emisetsa dihomoune ka nako ya go kgaotsa go bona kgwedi, marang a ionizing, dingwaga tse dinnye tsa go bona setswalo la ntlha, go nna le bana morago ga nako mo botshelong kgotsa go sa nne le bone gotlhelele, ditso tsa kankere mo lwapeng kgotsa go nna le mabele.[1][2] Mo e ka nnang 5–10% ya dikgetse ke ditlamorago tsa tshekamelo ya dijini e e ruilweng mo batsading ba motho, go akaretsa le BRCA1 le BRCA2 gareng ga tse dingwe.[1] Kankere ya Lebele gantsi e nna teng mo diseleng tse di tswang mo letlalong la ditšhika tsa mashi le mo di-lobule tse di tlamelang ditšhika tseno ka mashi.[1] Dikankere tse di tlhagelelang mo diphaepheneng di itsege jaaka dikankere tsa diphaephe, fa tse di tlhagelelang mo dilobuleng di itsege jaaka dikankere tsa dilobule.[1] Go na le mefuta e mengwe e e fetang lesome le borobabobedu ya kankere ya Lebele.[2] Tse dingwe, jaaka kankere ya ditšhika mo lefelong la tsone, di tlhagelela go tswa mo dinthong tsa pele ga go tsenelela.[2] Go tshwatwa ga kankere ya Lebele go netefadiwa ka go tsaya biopsy ya thishu e e amegang.[1] Fa kankere e sena go lemogiwa, go dirwa diteko tse dingwe go bona gore a kankere e aname go feta letswele le gore ke dikalafi dife tse go ka diregang gore di nne le matswela thata.[1]

Tekatekano ya melemo le dikotsi tsa go tlhatlhoba kankere ya mabele e a ganetsana. Tlhatlhobo ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe ( 2009) ya Setlhopha sa Tiro sa Ditirelo tsa Thibelo ya Amerika e ne ya fitlhela bosupi jwa gore go na le mosola mo bathong bao ba dingwaga di le masome a mane go ya go di le masome a supa,[9] mme e akantsha gore go tlhatlhobiwe dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le pedi mo basading ba dingwaga di le masome a mane go ya go di le masome a supa le bone go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro.[10][11] Tlhatlhobo ya Cochrane ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le boraro e ne ya fitlhela gore ga go tlhaloganyesege sentle gore a go tlhatlhoba ka maranyane a mammography go kotsi go na le go thusa, ka gonne karolo e tona ya basadi ba ba fitlhelwang ba na le bolwetse jono ba itshupa ba se na bolwetse jono.[12] Ditlhare tsa tamoxifen kgotsa raloxifene di ka dirisiwa ka maiteko a go thibela kankere ya Lebele mo bathong ba ba mo kotsing e tona ya go nna le yone.[2] Go ntsha mabele ka bobedi ka go arwa ke kgato e nngwe ya go thibela mo basading bangwe ba ba mo kotsing e tona.[2] Mo go ba ba lemogilweng gore ba na le kankere, go ka dirisiwa dikalafi di le mmalwa, go akaretsa le karo, kalafi ya marang, kalafi ya dikhemikhale, kalafi ya dihoromone, le kalafi e e ikaeletsweng.[1] Mefuta ya karo e farologana go tswa go karo ya go somarela mabele go ya go karo ya go kgaola mabele.[13][14] Go aga sesha ga mabele go ka dirwa ka nako ya karo kgotsa moragonyana.[14] Mo go ba kankere e anametse kwa dikarolong tse dingwe tsa mmele mo go bone, dikalafi di ikaeletse thata go tokafatsa boleng jwa botshelo le kgomotso.[14]

Ditlamorago tsa kankere ya Lebele di farologana go ikaegile ka mofuta wa kankere, selekanyo sa bolwetse, le dingwaga tsa motho.[14] Dikelo tsa go falola tsa dingwaga di le tlhano kwa Engelane le United States di magareng ga 80 le 90%.[4][5][15] Mo mafatsheng a tlhabologang, dikelo tsa go tshela dingwaga di le tlhano di kwa tlase.[2] Lefatshe ka bophara, kankere ya mabele ke mofuta o o eteletseng pele mo basading, e dira 25% ya dikgetse tsotlhe.[16] Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi e ne ya felela ka dikgetse tse disha di le dimilione di le pedi le dintsho di le 627 000. E tlwaelegile thata mo dinageng tse di tlhabologileng [2] mme e tlwaelegile go feta makgetlo a le lekgolo mo basading go feta mo banneng.[15][17]

Ditshupiso

fetola
  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)". NCI. 23 Motsheganong 2014. Archived from the original on 5 Phukwi 2014. Retrieved 29 Seetebosigo 2014."Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)". NCI. 23 May 2014. Archived from the original on 5 July 2014. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 5.2. ISBN 978-92-832-0429-9.
  3. ↑ "Klinefelter Syndrome". Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. 24 May 2007. Archived from the original on 27 November 2012.
  4. 1 2 "SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Breast Cancer". NCI. Archived from the original on 3 Phukwi 2014. Retrieved 18 Seetebosigo 2014.
  5. 1 2 "Cancer Survival in England: Patients Diagnosed 2007–2011 and Followed up to 2012" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. 29 Phalane 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 Ngwanatsele 2014. Retrieved 29 Seetebosigo 2014.
  6. 1 2 Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A (November 2018). "Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries". Ca. 68 (6): 394–424. doi:10.3322/caac.21492. PMID 30207593. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 5 August 2020.
  7. ↑ "Breast Cancer". NCI. Firikgong 1980. Archived from the original on 25 Seetebosigo 2014. Retrieved 29 Seetebosigo 2014.
  8. ↑ Saunders, Christobel; Jassal, Sunil (2009). Breast cancer (1. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. Chapter 13. ISBN 978-0-19-955869-8. Archived from the original on 25 Phalane 2015.
  9. ↑ Nelson HD, Tyne K, Naik A, Bougatsos C, Chan B, Nygren P, Humphrey L (November 2009). "Screening for Breast Cancer: Systematic Evidence Review Update for the US Preventive Services Task Force [Internet]". U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Evidence Syntheses. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. PMID 20722173. Report No.: 10-05142-EF-1.
  10. ↑ "Draft Recommendation: Breast Cancer: Screening | United States Preventive Services Taskforce". www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org. Archived from the original on 9 May 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  11. ↑ Siu AL (February 2016). "Screening for Breast Cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement". Annals of Internal Medicine. 164 (4): 279–96. doi:10.7326/M15-2886. PMID 26757170.
  12. ↑ Gøtzsche PC, Jørgensen KJ (June 2013). "Screening for breast cancer with mammography". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6 (6): CD001877. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001877.pub5. PMC 6464778. PMID 23737396.
  13. ↑ "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question". Choosing Wisely: an initiative of the ABIM Foundation. American College of Surgeons. Lwetse 2013. Archived from the original on 27 Phalane 2013. Retrieved 2 Firikgong 2013.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Breast Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)". NCI. 26 Seetebosigo 2014. Archived from the original on 5 Phukwi 2014. Retrieved 29 Seetebosigo 2014.
  15. 1 2 "World Cancer Report" (PDF). International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 Phukwi 2011. Retrieved 26 Tlhakole 2011.
  16. ↑ World Cancer Report 2014. World Health Organization. 2014. pp. Chapter 1.1. ISBN 978-92-832-0429-9.
  17. ↑ "Male Breast Cancer Treatment". National Cancer Institute. 2014. Archived from the original on 4 Phukwi 2014. Retrieved 29 Seetebosigo 2014.
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