The CPUID instruction gives information about the core, on which it is executed. It is different for P cores and E cores.
The CPUID on Alder Lake is family 6 model 0x9A for both cores when enabled. The CPUID is changed to family 6 model 0x97 when E cores are disabled and AVX512 is enabled.
CPUID leaf 7 EDX bit 15 indicates a hybrid design.
CPUID leaf 1A EAX bit 24-31 indicates the type of core, according to "Game Dev Guide for Alder Lake Performance Hybrid Architecture", https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/articles/guide/alder-lake-developer-guide.html
See my discussion at https://www.agner.org/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=79