2021
Immunological Dysfunction in Tourette Syndrome and Related Disorders
Abstract: Chronic tic disorder and Tourette syndrome are common childhood-onset neurological diseases. However, the pathophysiology underlying these disorders is unclear, and most studies have focused on the disinhibition of the corticostriatal–thalamocortical circuit. An autoimmune dysfunction has been proposed in the pathogenetic mechanism of Tourette syndrome and related neuropsychiatric disorders such as obsessive–compulsive disorder, autism, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This is based on evidence fr…
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Cited by 71 publications
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Abstract
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“…However, no alterations were observed in the positivity of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody between patients with TS and controls ( 49 , 50 ). Although these findings need to be replicated, anti- Streptococcus antibodies and other autoantibodies mentioned above could be a potential biomarker of TS in light of the pathogenesis of neuroimmune interaction ( 51 ). In addition, two studies ( 52 , 53 ) showed that the positive rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) IgA in children with TS was higher than that in controls; hence, MP infection may be associated with Tourette syndrome, despite the limited evidence.…”
Section: Results
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confidence: 99%
Abstract
Smart CitationsHow this paper cites the one you are viewing
“…However, no alterations were observed in the positivity of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) antibody between patients with TS and controls ( 49 , 50 ). Although these findings need to be replicated, anti- Streptococcus antibodies and other autoantibodies mentioned above could be a potential biomarker of TS in light of the pathogenesis of neuroimmune interaction ( 51 ). In addition, two studies ( 52 , 53 ) showed that the positive rate of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) IgA in children with TS was higher than that in controls; hence, MP infection may be associated with Tourette syndrome, despite the limited evidence.…”
Section: Results
mentioning
confidence: 99%
Abstract
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“…A previous study has shown that nearly 22% of their cases who had Tourette syndrome presented with positive skin prick tests [17]. Regarding the immunological basis of tic disorders, animal studies have shown evidence of immune dysfunction in Tourette syndrome, but it is still poorly understood [25]. These findings are also coherent with immunologic pathways involved in patients with tic disorders and require more detailed studies.…”
Section: Discussion
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confidence: 96%
Abstract
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“…Nonetheless, this link between the clinical correlation of TS and OCB triggered by group A Streptococcus infection has been reported. Further, autoantibody analysis and gene expression studies support immunological involvement in TS (Hsu et al 2021). Research has also shown dysregulation of neurotransmitters including serotonin, acetylcholine, GABA, and dopamine in TS and OCD, which affect the function of CSTC circuitry and influence the immune system (Hsu et al 2021).…”
Section: Brain Regions and Immune System
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confidence: 89%
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