Comprehensive Assessment of Context-Adaptive Street Lighting: Technical Aspects, Economic Insights, and Measurements from Large-Scale, Long-Term Implementations
- PMID: 39338687
- PMCID: PMC11435540
- DOI: 10.3390/s24185942
Comprehensive Assessment of Context-Adaptive Street Lighting: Technical Aspects, Economic Insights, and Measurements from Large-Scale, Long-Term Implementations
Abstract
This paper addresses the growing importance of efficient street lighting management, driven by rising electricity costs and the need for municipalities to implement cost-effective solutions. Central to this study is the UNI 11248 Italian regulation, which extends the European EN 13201-1 standard introduced in 2016. These standards provide guidelines for designing, installing, operating, and maintaining lighting systems in pedestrian and vehicular traffic areas. Specifically, the UNI 11248 standard introduces the possibility to dynamically adjust light intensity through two alternative operating modes: (a) Traffic Adaptive Installation (TAI), which dims the light based solely on real-time traffic flow measurements; and (b) Full Adaptive Installation (FAI), which, in addition to traffic measurements, also requires evaluating road surface luminance and meteorological conditions. In this paper, we first present the general architecture and operation of an FAI-enabled lighting infrastructure, which relies on environmental sensors and a heterogeneous wireless communication network to connect intelligent, remotely controlled streetlights. Subsequently, we examine large-scale, in-field FAI infrastructures deployed in Vietnam and Italy as case studies, providing substantial measurement data. The paper offers insights into the measured energy consumption of these infrastructures, comparing them to that of conventional light-control strategies used in traditional installations. The measurements demonstrate the superiority of FAI as the most efficient solution.
Keywords: adaptive dimming; environmental sensing; smart city; smart lighting; street lighting.
Conflict of interest statement
Authors Paolo Toppan, Andrea Toppan and Rudy Bandiera were affiliated with the company Wi4B s.r.l. The author Diego Bonata is a light designer employed by the company AstroLight Studio. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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