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. 2024 Sep 13;24(18):5942.
doi: 10.3390/s24185942.

Comprehensive Assessment of Context-Adaptive Street Lighting: Technical Aspects, Economic Insights, and Measurements from Large-Scale, Long-Term Implementations

Affiliations

Comprehensive Assessment of Context-Adaptive Street Lighting: Technical Aspects, Economic Insights, and Measurements from Large-Scale, Long-Term Implementations

Gianni Pasolini et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

This paper addresses the growing importance of efficient street lighting management, driven by rising electricity costs and the need for municipalities to implement cost-effective solutions. Central to this study is the UNI 11248 Italian regulation, which extends the European EN 13201-1 standard introduced in 2016. These standards provide guidelines for designing, installing, operating, and maintaining lighting systems in pedestrian and vehicular traffic areas. Specifically, the UNI 11248 standard introduces the possibility to dynamically adjust light intensity through two alternative operating modes: (a) Traffic Adaptive Installation (TAI), which dims the light based solely on real-time traffic flow measurements; and (b) Full Adaptive Installation (FAI), which, in addition to traffic measurements, also requires evaluating road surface luminance and meteorological conditions. In this paper, we first present the general architecture and operation of an FAI-enabled lighting infrastructure, which relies on environmental sensors and a heterogeneous wireless communication network to connect intelligent, remotely controlled streetlights. Subsequently, we examine large-scale, in-field FAI infrastructures deployed in Vietnam and Italy as case studies, providing substantial measurement data. The paper offers insights into the measured energy consumption of these infrastructures, comparing them to that of conventional light-control strategies used in traditional installations. The measurements demonstrate the superiority of FAI as the most efficient solution.

Keywords: adaptive dimming; environmental sensing; smart city; smart lighting; street lighting.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors Paolo Toppan, Andrea Toppan and Rudy Bandiera were affiliated with the company Wi4B s.r.l. The author Diego Bonata is a light designer employed by the company AstroLight Studio. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Architecture of a smart-lighting infrastructure.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Example of a control panel for energy consumption monitoring.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Bluetooth/IEEE802.15.4 mesh-based smart-lighting architecture.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Tan An (Vietnam): example of network topology. Dots having the same color represent the locations of actual streetlights that belong to the same cluster.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Measured power consumption of a 52 W lamp as a function of the control signal used to set the dimming level.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Virtual midnight: Examples of light-time profiles.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Energy consumption per hour with HPS lamps (no dimming), LED lamps (no dimming), and LED lamps with FAI. An FAI Area consisting of 300 streetlights in Tan An (Vietnam) was considered, covering equivalent M2 streets.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Daily energy consumption with LED lamps in Tan An (Vietnam), both without dimming and with FAI; 878 streetlights were considered, covering M2 streets.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Daily energy consumption with LED lamps in Meda (Italy), both without dimming and with FAI; 2957 streetlights were considered, belonging to M4 and M5 classes (low-traffic streets).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Daily energy consumption with LED lamps in Cesena (Italy), both without dimming and with FAI; 32 streetlights were considered that cover one M3 street.

References

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