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. 2022 Nov 21;32(23):5467-5477.
doi: 10.1093/cercor/bhac027.

Developmental course of the repetition effect and change detection responses from infancy through childhood: a longitudinal study

Florence Deguire  1   2   3 , Gabriela López-Arango  1   2   3 , Inga Sophia Knoth  3 , Valérie Côté  1   3 , Kristian Agbogba  3   4 , Sarah Lippé  1   2   3
Affiliations

Developmental course of the repetition effect and change detection responses from infancy through childhood: a longitudinal study

Florence Deguire et al. Cereb Cortex. .

Abstract

Neuronal repetition effect (repetition suppression and repetition enhancement) and change detection responses are fundamental brain responses that have implications in learning and cognitive development in infants and children. Studies have shown altered neuronal repetition and change detection responses in various clinical populations. However, the developmental course of these neuronal responses from infancy through childhood is still unknown. Using an electroencephalography oddball task, we investigate the developmental peculiarities of repetition effect and change detection responses in 43 children that we followed longitudinally from 3 months to 4 years of age. Analyses were conducted on theta (3-5 Hz), alpha (5-10 Hz), and beta (10-30 Hz) time-frequency windows. Results indicated that in the theta time-frequency window, in frontocentral and frontal regions of the brain, repetition and change detection responses followed a U-shaped pattern from 3 months to 4 years of age. Moreover, the change detection response was stronger in young infants compared to older children in frontocentral regions, regardless of the time-frequency window. Our findings add to the evidence of top-down modulation of perceptual systems in infants and children.

Keywords: change detection; children; electroencephalography; repetition enhancement; repetition suppression.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Experimental design. The task consisted of a man or a woman (pictured) articulating the vowel /a/. On each trial, infants were presented with 3 consecutive /a/ while de fourth vowel could be either /a/ or /i/. The sound lasted 200 ms, in synchrony with the first frame (mouth opened). Following the end of the sound, 2 frames of a mouth gradually closing were presented (60 ms). Finally, during the last 280 ms, a face with a closed mouth was presented.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Averaged power (ERSP) of the 3 testing time points for each TFW, in the frontocentral region (spatial component 1). Alpha TFW significantly showed greater power compared to the theta and beta TFW. Theta TFW displayed a U-shaped pattern in response to the entire standard trial. *P = 0.005; **P  < 0.001.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Averaged power (ERSP) for each testing time point and each TFW, in the frontocentral region (spatial component 1). Power at the first visit was significantly different in the theta and alpha TFW compared to signal energy of the following testing time point.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Averaged power of the 3 TFW (ERSP) for each testing time point, in the frontocentral region (spatial component 1). Young infants showed significantly greater power at the second presentation of the stimulus and greater change detection response compared to 24-month-old and 48-month-old children. **P = 0.0002, *P = 0.002.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Averaged synchronization (ITC) of the 3 testing time points for each TFW, in the frontocentral region (spatial component 1). Theta TFW significantly showed an overall greater power compared to the alpha and beta TFW. In the theta TFW, the response to the entire standard trial followed a U-shaped pattern. **P  < 0.001.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Averaged synchronization (ITC) for each testing time point and each TFW, in the frontocentral region (spatial component 1). Signal synchronization significantly changed across stimulus repetitions, following a U-shaped pattern. Signal synchronization at the first visit was significantly different in the theta TFW compared to signal synchronization of the following testing time point.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Averaged synchronization of the 3 TFW (ITC) for each testing time point, in the frontocentral region (spatial component 1). Young infants showed significantly greater change detection response compared to 24-month-old and 48-month-old children. **P = 0.0003.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Averaged synchronization (ITC) of the 3 testing time points for each TFW, in the frontal region (spatial component 2). Theta and alpha TFW significantly showed greater synchronization compared to the beta TFW. In the theta TFW, the response to the entire standard trial followed a U-shaped pattern. **P  < 0.001.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Averaged synchronization (ITC) for each testing time point and each TFW, in the frontal region (spatial component 2). In the alpha TFW, signal synchronization of all the visits was significantly different.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Averaged synchronization of the 3 TFW (ITC) for each testing time point, in the frontal region (spatial component 2). 48-month-old children showed significantly greater power compared to young infants on the first, second, and third presentations of the stimulus. **P  < 0.001.
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