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. 2015;69(8):1333-1342.
doi: 10.1007/s00265-015-1946-5. Epub 2015 Jun 5.

Tactical deception to hide sexual behaviour: macaques use distance, not visibility

Affiliations

Tactical deception to hide sexual behaviour: macaques use distance, not visibility

A M Overduin-de Vries et al. Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 2015.

Abstract

Although tactical deception (TD) may be employed to hide sexual behaviour, there is as yet no firm evidence for it. Hiding may be guided by cognitive mechanisms consistent with either no, low or high level TD, such as exploiting male peripheral positions (no TD), creating distance (TD level 1) or hiding behind screens (TD level 1.5 which involves visual perspective taking (VPT)). Macaques are capable of VPT in a food context, suggesting that they may employ TD level 1.5. We investigated, in an observational study with temporarily provided hiding screens, which strategy was used to hide sexual behaviour in captive groups of two macaque species (Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis). Sexual behaviour only sporadically took place near screens, and the few copulations near screens were not systematically hidden from the alpha male, precluding TD level 1.5. Instead, both females and non-alpha males were at a larger distance from the alpha male during sexual interactions than otherwise, consistent with TD level 1. Creating peripheral locations (TD level 1) may be effective in improving sexual opportunities in many species.

Keywords: Cognition; Hiding; Macaque; Old world monkey; Sneaky mating; Tactical deception.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The mean distance of each adult individual from the alpha male during sexual behaviour (black dots) and baseline (open dots), for rhesus macaque a males and b females, and long-tailed macaque c males and d females. Each panel includes two groups; groups are separated by an open slot; single letter codes for individuals are provided, with capital letters for groups 1 (a, b) and 3 (c, d), and lowercase letters for groups 2 (a, b) and 4 (c, d). Individuals are ordered from high (left) to low (right) dominance rank

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