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. 2010 Dec 1;148(2):197-203.
doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.08.015. Epub 2010 Aug 20.

Magnetophoresis for enhancing transdermal drug delivery: Mechanistic studies and patch design

S Narasimha Murthy  1 , Srinivasa M Sammeta, C Bowers
Affiliations

Magnetophoresis for enhancing transdermal drug delivery: Mechanistic studies and patch design

S Narasimha Murthy et al. J Control Release. .

Abstract

Magnetophoresis is a method of enhancement of drug permeation across the biological barriers by application of magnetic field. The present study investigated the mechanistic aspects of magnetophoretic transdermal drug delivery and also assessed the feasibility of designing a magnetophoretic transdermal patch system for the delivery of lidocaine. In vitro drug permeation studies were carried out across the porcine epidermis at different magnetic field strengths. The magnetophoretic drug permeation "flux enhancement factor" was found to increase with the applied magnetic field strength. The mechanistic studies revealed that the magnetic field applied in this study did not modulate permeability of the stratum corneum barrier. The predominant mechanism responsible for magnetically mediated drug permeation enhancement was found to be "magnetokinesis". The octanol/water partition coefficient of drugs was also found to increase when exposed to the magnetic field. A reservoir type transdermal patch system with a magnetic backing was designed for in vivo studies. The dermal bioavailability (AUC(0-6h)) from the magnetophoretic patch system in vivo, in rats was significantly higher than the similarly designed non-magnetic control patch.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Experimental set up for permeation studies where the porcine epidermis ‘A’ was sandwiched between the donor chamber ‘B’ filled with drug solution and receiver chamber ‘C’ filled with isotonic saline. Two neodymium magnets ‘D’ were placed on either side of the donor compartment. The donor and receiver compartments were fitted with Ag/AgCl electrode wires for measurement of electrical resistance.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Cumulative permation of LH across porcine epidermis in case of passive (◆), magnetic field strength of 30 mT (■), 150 mT (▲) and 300 mT (●). Insert graph shows plot of magnetic field strength vs. flux enhancement factor. The data points represented are the average of n = 3 ± S.D.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Representative FT-IR spectra of porcine epidermis in absence of magnetic field (A), presence of magnetic field (B) and after exposure to magnetic field for 80 h (C).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Photographs of magnetophoretic patch system used for in vivo studies. In panel a, the magnetic backing could be clearly seen as it is not filled with the gel. In panel b, the gel is filled in the cavity ‘B’ (1.5 cm length, 1 cm width and 0.1 cm thickness) above the magnets. ‘A’ is the adhesive membrane to secure the patch onto the skin.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Time course of LH in the skin extracellular fluid following application of passive transdermal patch (■) and magnetophoretic transdermal patch (●) in rats. The data points represented are the average of n = 3 ± S.D.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Time course of LB in the skin extracellular fluid following application of passive transdermal patch (■) and magnetophoretic transdermal patch (●) in rats. The data points represented are the average of n = 3 ± S.D.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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