How does the brain prioritize competing drives like hunger, sleep, and mating? In Drosophila, the neuropeptide SIFamide (SIFa) has emerged as a central coordinator of these behavioral states. This commentary synthesizes recent findings, highlighting the study by Velazquez et al., which reveals that SIFa receptor signaling regulates sleep and feeding in a time‐of‐day‐specific manner to maintain energy homeostasis. We further discuss how SIFa modulates reproductive behavior through synaptic plasticity in male‐specific GABAergic neurons. Anatomically, SIFa neurons act as an integration hub, (...) receiving convergent circadian and metabolic inputs to bias downstream circuits. We propose that the SIFa system serves as a master conductor, orchestrating adaptive behavioral decisions based on internal physiological needs. (shrink)

Purpose This qualitative study investigates how Canadian physician-providers of medical assistance in dying (MAiD) perceived their role in making judgements when assessing patients for MAiD. Methodology 21 Canadian physician MAiD providers were interviewed about their experience as early-adopting providers. The data were analysed using a phenomenological approach to identify themes and thematic groupings regarding providers’ perceptions of roles and reasoning while undertaking MAiD assessments. Findings Participants universally endorsed a focus on providing patient-centred care. They varied in how they approached decision-making (...) for patients applying for MAiD and how they viewed their role within the doctor–patient relationship. Group 1 participants placed moral decision-making with the patient, indicating a limited role for the provider. They focused on guiding the competent patient through the statutory MAiD requirements to actualise patient autonomy. Some described their role as ‘conduits’. Group 2 had intermediate views. Group 3 participants described their professional judgement as important to the moral calculus of approval for MAiD. Their role was like that of a train conductor in that they positioned themselves as responsible for wider patient interests as part of maintaining their own professional and moral integrity during MAiD. Conclusions/significance Participants’ narratives indicate that decisions about MAiD assessments are strongly influenced by provider reasoning regarding the physician’s role in MAiD assessment and provision. This divergence reflects unclear role expectations in the context of rapidly changing cultural expectations regarding MAiD. (shrink)

In this work we analyze the case of resistive conductor plates carrying constant currents, utilizing surface charge distributions. We obtain the electric potential in the plates and in the space surrounding them. We obtain a non-vanishing electric field outside the conductors. We compare the theoretical results with experimental data present in the literature.

At the beginning of the pandemic, many music ensembles had to stop their activities due to the confinement. While some found creative ways to start making music again with the help of technologies, the transition from “real” rehearsals to “online” rehearsals was challenging, especially among older amateur musicians. The aim of this case study was to examine the effects of this transition on three community band conductors and three older amateur musicians. Specific objectives were to explore intergenerational relationships to support (...) online group music-making; digital literacy and access in later life; and online music-making in a COVID-19 context. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and theoretical thematic analysis was undertaken. Results were analyzed from the conductors’ and older musicians’ perspectives, and common trends were combined to facilitate interpretation. The first theme showed that being part of an intergenerational ensemble contributed positively to the learning experience online. The second theme demonstrated that because both conductors and musicians were new to the online rehearsals, it contributed to attenuate the age-related digital divide that may have been observed in other studies. Regarding access in later-life, older musicians reported benefits associated with rehearsing online, specifically in terms of distance/commute, time, energy, and cost. However, for those who did not already have internet and electronic devices, the cost of acquiring all the necessary equipment to make music online could have been too high. Finally, the third theme revealed that musicians appreciated the opportunity to make music online and indicated that it was definitely better than having nothing, especially for its social aspects. In conclusion, while participants noted several challenges associated with online music-making, they were also appreciative of the opportunity to continue making music at a time when in-person rehearsals were not possible. Pedagogical implications are discussed, specifically the importance of the support network, of meeting people where they are, of learning to adapt, and of collaborative teaching. (shrink)

The polarization,magnetization and conductivity features of a conductor polarizable and magnetizable medium are described by a continuum collection of the antisymmetric tensor fields and a continuum collection of the vector fields in the Minkowski’s space-time. The conservation principle of the energy-momentum four-vector of the total system is provided in a fully canonical approach. The conservation principle of the energy-momentum four-vector of the total system gives the force four-vector on the free external charges moving in the conductor magneto-dielectric medium. (...) The total classical relativistic Cherenkov’s radiation power emerged by a charged particle uniformly moving inside the medium is calculated. The quantum relativistic Cherenkov’s radiation power of a charged particle moving inside a homogeneous conductor magneto-dielectric medium is calculated by two methods. In the first method the motion of the charged particle is described by the relativistic quantum mechanics. The quantum relativistic Cherenkov’s radiation power of the charged particle moving in the medium is calculated in the initial state that the charged particle is in a very sharp normalized distribution in the momentum space and the quantum relativistic fields describing the medium are in the vacuum states. In the second approach the motion of an electron moving in the medium is described by the quantum relativistic Dirac’s field. The quantum relativistic Cherenkov’s radiation power of the electron moving in the medium is computed in the initial state that the quantum relativistic Dirac’s field is contained an electron with a definite spin and a very sharp normalized distribution in the momentum space and the quantum relativistic dynamical fields modeling the medium are in the vacuum states. The two methods of the calculation of the quantum relativistic Cherenkov’s radiation power of the electron moving inside the conductor magneto-dielectric medium are compared. (shrink)

The influence of movement skill on action representations and identification of agency was investigated. Point-light displays were created of highly skilled gestures of thirteen orchestral conductors in visual, auditory, and audiovisual versions and compared to two control conditions . In subsequent experimental sessions, participants indicated whether displays presented them or other conductors, whether the soundtrack contained their or others’ musical interpretations, and rated the quality and emotional content of the gestures. Self-recognition was more accurate in conditions presenting highly skilled conducting (...) movements as compared to other displays. Participants judged the quality of their own movements to be better than those of others, independently of whether or not they recognized movement agency. Emotional content was perceived accurately across conditions both for own and others’ actions. These results point to the influence of dynamical characteristics of motor skill, rather than merely type of movement or emotional content, on action representations and self-other identification. (shrink)

Group musical performance, especially large instrumental ensembles, present the outward appearance of an asymmetric, temporally immediate stimulus-response relationship between conductor and ensemble. Interestingly, anecdotal reports from both conductors and performers indicate a degree of variability in the timing of orchestral response to the conductor’s gestures. This observation is not present in anecdotal accounts of other instrumental ensemble settings, like wind bands, but commonplace occurrence among orchestral musicians indicates the potential presence of greater complexity in the observed relationship. This (...) study investigates both the quality and quantity of temporal lag between conductor and ensemble in two common instrumental ensemble configurations – wind bands and orchestras – in an effort to describe the interplay present within conducted group performance. The findings indicate that the anecdotally identified lag is present within all ensemble types, and that it presents a flexible, dynamic temporal relationship between conductor and ensemble. Additionally, both the quantity and quality of lag values are significantly different between ensemble types, experience levels, and musical content. Several avenues for future research are identified, and confounds within the sampled ensembles are examined for their potential roles in the observed relationships. (shrink)

The focus of this paper is one of James Prescott Joule’s scientific contributions: the laws of heat production by electric currents in conductors. In 1841, the 22 years old Joule published a paper with the title “On the heat evolved by metallic conductors of electricity, and in the cells of a battery during electrolysis” where he presented an experimental study of that phenomenon and proposed two laws that were allegedly supported by his trials. On closer inspection, both his laboratory work (...) and his inferences can be challenged. The emphasis of this article is an attempt to understand Joule’s experimental undertaking, its highpoints and shortcomings, by a detailed analysis of this specific episode and by studying the precedents of his work and subsequent advancements. It is possible to point out several serious deficiencies of that investigation, and Joule’s contemporaries, such as Edmond Becquerel and Heinrich Lenz, did criticize some of his flaws and undertook new experiments to provide a sound basis for those laws. Besides providing a historical examination of that specific episode, this article uses this case study to tackle some features of the nature of science that may contribute to scientific education. (shrink)

Con motivo de los 150 años de la publicación de El nacimiento de la tragedia de F. Nietzsche, el presente artículo se propone revisar algunos de los principales aspectos que conforman el sustrato griego del que parte su específica propuesta sediciosa, en particular el uso que realiza de lo que denomina desde la primavera de 1885 la «filosofía de Dioniso», como marca indeleble del giro que en ese momento realiza su pensamiento. Sin embargo, la presencia de la desmesurada divinidad griega (...) del vino se manifiesta en sus deliberaciones aún antes de la publicación de su opera prima. Para una posible renovación de la filosofía se requiere que el filósofo consiga experimentar diversas formas de vivir, para conseguir darle el auténtico valora a la vida. Por eso, uno de los principales rasgos que significa este vuelco potenciador es sin duda retomando el hilo conductor del cuerpo, lo que se puede denominar la «filosofía de la animalidad» nietzscheana. (shrink)

This paper explores the role of metonymy in determining a syntactic argument alternation (“conductor-vehicle alternation”) which occurs in English and Portuguese: o piloto acelerou a Ferrari “the driver speeded up the Ferrari”/a Ferrari acelerou “the Ferrari speeded up/sped away”. Since the verbs in the conductor-vehicle alternation have conductor and vehicle arguments (controller and controlled entities), a metonymic process can occur, allowing the vehicle expression to provide access to the conductor participant. To explain how metonymy allows a (...) verb with two participants to be integrated into a construction with a single argument, we assume that metonymy gathers information about both entities involved; the vehicle expression provides mental access to both vehicle and conductor (“fusion”). We also discuss cognitive and pragmatic factors involving the choice of a construction over another. Constructions with vehicle expressions as subject are used when the vehicle is salient or the conductor is unknown. This also explains why dirigir “drive” does not alternate in Portuguese, contrarily to prediction and differently from English drive. We provide a comparative account of the behavior of this verb in both languages. Dirigir, differently from drive, conceptualizes semantic components incompatible with a situation in which the agent/conductor is not salient or is unknown. This research adds to the ongoing body of literature on the role of metonymy in grammar and is a contribution to the understanding of the metonymic process, as a fusion, and also to argument alternation processes and lexical-constructional integration. (shrink)

We comment on and translate Gustav Kirchhoff's important paper of 1857 entitled On the motion of electricity in conductors. The significance of this paper is that Kirchhoff proved with action at a distance that electric disturbances travel along wires of negligible resistance with the velocity of light. He accomplished this with the laws of Newtonian electrodynamics (Coulomb, Ampere, F. Neumann and Weber) before Maxwell had formulated his equations.

La evidencia empírica disponible señala de manera unánime que las nuevas políticas de tráfico y seguridad vial aplicadas en España desde 2004, y en particular la introducción del carné por puntos y la reforma del Código Penal, han tenido una fuerte incidencia positiva en la reducción de la siniestralidad. De dichos resultados se deriva que las nuevas políticas han tenido también un efecto positivo sobre la conducta de los conductores, de modo que ha sido esa mejora en la conducta al (...) volante la que finalmente se ha traducido en una reducción de la siniestralidad. No obstante, hasta el momento, los investigadores han descuidado el análisis directo de los datos sobre cumplimiento. En el presente trabajo se analizan todos los datos disponibles que ofrecen información sobre el cumplimiento de la normativa de tráfico y seguridad vial. (shrink)

Multicarrier systems, such as car batteries and semiconductors, have surprisingly complex transport properties. Even for steady-state transport, one can find counterexamples to standard assumptions about local electroneutrality, constancy in space of the electric field, linearity in space of the voltage, and the relationship between dissipation, voltage, and current. Moreover, unless recombination processes occur, boundaries impose conditions that can disturb the response far into the bulk to remove memory of the boundaries. Because the demands of the chemical reactions at the electrodes (...) cannot be satisfied by diffusion alone, car batteries are electrically active even when they are neither charging nor discharging. We offer practical advice on battery care for bike-riders, say, who only occasionally use their cars. For semiconductors, recombination does occur, which in transport enables partial currents to adjust from their surface to their bulk values. For mixed ionic electronic conductors, bulk recombination may be essential to an understanding of “blocking electrodes.” The voltage associated with both current-producing and non-current-producing surface reactions provides a natural explanation for the bioelectric fields observed during root and other growth processes. (shrink)

Nos proponemos en este trabajo aportar nuevos argumentos en favor de una identificación entre los portadores de objetos de la alegoría de la caverna caracterizados por Sócrates en República y los sofistas caracterizados por el Extranjero en el diálogo Sofista. Enfocaremos nuestra atención en una serie de términos presentes en sendas obras, lo que nos permitirá reconocer dos tendencias compartidas por aquellos agentes: la de la teatralidad y la de la exterioridad de sus quehaceres. In this paper, we aim to (...) propose new arguments in favor of an identification between the carriers of objects in the Allegory of the Cave, as characterized by Socrates in Republic, and the Sophists, specifically those characterized in the Sophist dialogue. We will focus our attention on a series of terms present in the said works, which will allow us to recognize two tendencies shared by carriers and sophists: the theatricality and the external condition of their tasks. (shrink)

Esta tesis pretende ofrecer una reflexión desde la filosofía moral a uno de los desórdenes informativos de mayor impacto en la esfera pública, las fake news. Esta mirada alternativa a la ética periodística o a la comunicación política, es la ética cívica. El hilo conductor de este itinerario no será ya la modernización mediática con sus implicaciones en los usuarios, como plantea la teoría de la mediación, sino la tecnologización a través de las redes sociales y de la inteligencia (...) artificial. Esta tesis parte de la premisa de que la generación de la opinión pública ya no recae exclusivamente en la industria mediática, sino también en los usuarios. El segundo problema de la digitalización es la dilución de la verdad precisamente porque los internautas carecen por un lado del criterio periodístico, de su rigor y de su responsabilidad para hacerse con información y para compartirla en redes sociales y por otro, la ingente oferta desinformativa que ha emergido a través de sitios web piratas de noticias, cuentas fantasmas de bots o grupos radicales políticos que alimentan la polarización y ello ocurre emulando la técnica periodística de redacción y de estética. En esta vorágine de desinformación está inmerso el analfanauta digital, un usuario carente de competencias mediáticas para acceder, analizar, usar y crear contenido con pensamiento crítico y con responsabilidad. En la primera parte de la tesis se rebate la idea de que la desinformación sea un problema exclusivo del periodismo y se propone una aproximación desde la teoría crítica. En este primer apartado se defiende la idea de que las fake news son una patología social, pues no se trata solo de mimetizar el lenguaje y el estilo periodístico para engañar, sino que hace cómplice al lector al inducirlo a compartir desinformación. Y esta elección siempre es personal; entran en juego factores cognitivos, políticos y psicológicos. En la segunda parte, se presentan dos respuestas desde la técnica periodística: la verificación de datos y la alfabetización mediática. La crítica está cuando ocurre lo que Ortega y Gasset denominaba el tecnicismo de la técnica, por ello argumentaré que el culmen del fact-checking está en su capacidad pedagógica y no solo en la corroboración sobre la veracidad de una afirmación; sobre la alfabetización mediática, no puede quedarse solo en instruir a usuarios en destrezas técnicas, sino también en competencias ético-cívicas. La tercera parte se encargará de la configuración de un ciudadano digital revestido de la ética cívica y es capaz de luchar contra la pauperización del debate público y de asumir su papel protagónico en la esfera pública digital. La cuarta y última parte aspira dar cuenta del déficit epistemológico de la ética cívica, y para ello se propone una infoética cordial que concilia las competencias mediáticas y las competencias morales junto con la responsabilidad epistémica, la capacidad hermenéutica y el discernimiento entre veracidad (adecuación) y la dimensión moral de una verdad práctica emancipadora. (shrink)

Low-cost commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) microcontroller-based loitering munitions have emerged as a significant asymmetric threat in modern conflicts. Their low unit cost—typically $20,000–$50,000—and ability to operate in coordinated swarms strain conventional kinetic and broadband electronic countermeasures, both in effectiveness and in cost-per-engagement economics. This paper presents a theoretically grounded, experimentally actionable framework for frequency-selective high-power microwave (HPM) electromagnetic coupling targeting the resonant modes of internal printed-circuit-board (PCB) trace geometries found in COTS autopilot systems. We derive closed-form expressions for: (i) the resonant frequencies (...) of PCB trace dipole structures as a function of substrate propagation velocity; (ii) the induced open-circuit voltage and coupled power at a semi-conductor load; (iii) the inverse-Friis requirement on transmit power as a function of range and antenna gain; and (iv) the gain-in-coupling achieved by resonant targeting relative to broadband illumination. Analytical results demonstrate that resonant coupling reduces the required transmit power by 14.8 dB (factor ≈ 30×) compared with broadband excitation for the same damage effect at the target. A portable vehicle-mounted system architecture is proposed with an estimated component cost of $8,500 and a predicted functional engagement range of 500 m–1 km for CMOS semiconductor upset and hard-kill, respectively. The principal contributions of this work are: (v) a closed-loop Resonance-Tracking Loop (RTL) that adaptively locks onto the target PCB resonance via hill-climbing gradient ascent on backscattered power, achieving frequency lock in under 170 ms; and (vi) a lumped-element Pulse-Forming Network (PFN) generating 100 ns, 20 kW peak pulses—exceeding the CMOS junction damage energy threshold by a factor of 2 × 104. The framework is validated against published electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) data for STM32-family microcontrollers and publicly documented reverse-engineering analyses of representative loitering munitions. (shrink)

Over four million people lost their lives to the novel coronavirus with more than 210 million cases worldwide. The pandemic created havoc in the lives of people from every walk of life. Be it the fruit vendor or general storekeeper or the bus conductor or healthcare provider, all had to struggle to keep their lives going. Not only this, the healthcare sector has been traumatized the most. A huge avalanche of patients, the burden of losing lives, stagnancy in the (...) medical training, and the scarcity of workers as well as inadequately equipped infrastructure have complicated the condition altogether. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are 33 times more susceptible to get COVID-19 infection as compared to the general population (Avadhutha, Hyderabad: Health workers 33 times at high risk of Covid infection). COVID-19 produced challenges for the specialists specifically in the emergency room, intensive care, and pulmonary medicine, releasing the overload on other specialties; however, workers in other specialties were re-deployed to cater to the needs of widening pandemic. (shrink)

Las cajas morfológicas constituyen un procedimiento pautado para inventar. En el presente escrito construimos una para los textos de Séneca, Epicteto y Marco Aurelio, con el objetivo de estudiar lo que de continuidad y cambio hay en ellos respecto del estoicismo anterior. Este proceso de construcción actúa, por tanto, como hilo conductor para establecer una comparación entre ocho autores. El procedimiento seguido consiste en repasar brevemente la historia de estos protocolos para generar creatividad bajo demanda, deslindar nuestros objetivos y (...) describir, paso a paso, cómo elaborar una caja morfológica. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten situar exactamente dónde se halla la ortodoxia y heterodoxia de Séneca, entender a Epicteto como un producto del marco conceptual puesto en juego por el estoicismo que lo precedió y explicar por qué esta escuela como tal murió con Marco Aurelio, además de arrojar nueva luz sobre sus Meditaciones. (shrink)

Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra (UFO) is an ensemble created in 2022 after Russiaʼs full-scale invasion of Ukraine as an initiative of Keri-Lynn Wilson, Canadian conductor with Ukrainian roots, Waldemar Dąbrowski, director of the Teatr Wielki – Polish National Opera in Warsaw, and Peter Gelb, general manager of the Metropolitan Opera in New York. The aim of the article is to analyze how the UFO can be understood as a soft power tool, how the ensembleʼs repertoire used classical music to create (...) a message of solidarity, in particular Ludwig van Beethovenʼs Ninth Symphony, and how it was received, focusing on the documentary Beethovenʼs Ninth: Ode to Humanity directed by Larry Weinstein. (shrink)

Para Heidegger y para Deleuze, la noción de acontecimiento ocupa un lugar central e irreductible en sus filosofías. Sin embargo, pareciera no haber puntos de encuentro respecto al tratamiento de esta noción entre ellos. Por ende, el hilo conductor y objetivo central que persigue este artículo es mostrar, si es posible establecer ciertas congruencias, acercamientos y/o convergencias entre ambos pensadores.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el problema del tiempo en el pensamiento del joven Heidegger, específicamente en el período que comprende de 1915 a 1927. A lo largo de este trayecto, su enfoque filosófico sufre desplazamientos importantes que, según buscaremos mostrar, se traducen en cuatro temporalidades presentes en sus escritos tempranos. Se trata de la noción tradicional del tiempo como parámetro de movilidad y sucesión, del tiempo como vivencia originaria, del tiempo como existencial y del tiempo como fundamento (...) y abismo ontológico de la subjetividad. El hilo conductor que articula estas temporalidades obedece, por un lado, al itinerario fenomenológico de Heidegger, y por el otro, al proyecto ontológico de Ser y tiempo. Mientras el primero organiza las concepciones del tiempo en torno a una experiencia histórica fundante de la existencia, el segundo lo hace en relación con una ontología diferencial de las temporalidades, posibilitada por el concepto de “temporización”. (shrink)

This article investigates the asymmetrical landscape of cultural diplomacy during Russia’s war against Ukraine through a close analysis of the situation around 2023 Wiesbaden (Germany) performance of soprano Anna Netrebko – an originally Russian artist long associated with the Kremlin. The case sparked a multilayered public conflict involving Ukrainian diaspora activists, musicians, legal institutions, and international observers. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews with Ukrainian musicians and activists involved in the protest, I examine how the Ukrainian diaspora mobilized music as (...) a diplomatic tool of resistance – organizing demonstrations, symbolic performances, and advocacy efforts to challenge Netrebko’s appearance. Crucially, I analyze the theater’s attempt to balance Netrebko’s presence by inviting a Ukrainian ensemble – the Taras Shevchenko State Theater in Kharkiv - to perform during the same festival, which was later replaced by another Russian protest-band Pussy Riot. The incident also triggered a cascade of lawsuits between Ukrainian protesters and Netrebko’s conductor, which brought the matter into legal and international arenas. The article further explores how institutions like the State of Hesse and the City of Wiesbaden initially sought to block Netrebko’s appearance, citing ethical concerns, only to be overruled by the theater administration – revealing the deep tension between political accountability and cultural autonomy. Importantly, the Netrebko case is representative of a broader pattern in which Russia maintains or expands its cultural influence on major Western stages, despite international sanctions. In this context, the article sheds light on how cultural programming becomes a battleground for competing narratives of legitimacy, memory, and belonging. It argues that Ukrainian musical resistance is not only a form of cultural expression but also an active force in shaping international public opinion and exposing the ideological functions of institutional neutrality. (shrink)

En el siguiente artículo, con el teatro como fondo e hilo conductor, se plantea la influencia que Friedrich Nietzsche ha tenido sobre el enfoque y las investigaciones de Fritz Perls y Carl Jung. Esta contribución nietzscheana puede resumirse en dos perspectivas. Una es el apotegma de Píndaro llevado a la filosofía vitalista: debes llegar a ser el que eres. La otra es una de las ideas más célebres de Nietzsche: el Übermensch. Por su lado, el teatro juega aquí una (...) función nuclear y conectiva, pues atraviesa -al menos en parte- la obra de estos tres autores para dar forma y experiencia a sus concepciones. El teatro es un punto de encuentro entre Nietzsche, Jung y Perls, ofrece escenarios y pasajes para enriquecer, visualizar y poner a prueba sus descubrimientos y reflexiones. El papel de la intuición y el cuerpo, esos eternos olvidados de muchas corrientes filosóficas occidentales, se hace presente con más claridad en lo teatral, por eso ha sido incluido como parte fundamental de este trabajo. (shrink)

El filósofo y teólogo judío alemán Martin Buber es mayormente conocido por su descubrimiento de la categoría esencial de la relación, que en su mundo conceptual fundamenta la realidad. El presente artículo pretende poner de manifiesto una propiedad del pensamiento de Buber que suele pasar desapercibida: su carácter genealógico. Esta propiedad cobra relevancia desde el actual debate filosófico sobre la cuestión de la genealogía de la razón, y revela una potencialidad desconocida del pensamiento buberiano. A través de una lectura sistemática (...) de determinados pasajes de “Yo y Tú”, se desvela que la genealogía de la relación buberiana es también una genealogía de la razón -esto es, una descripción del surgimiento de la razón a través del hilo conductor del diálogo- y una descripción de la razón humana como esencialmente corporal y dialógica. (shrink)

El propósito fundamental del presente artículo es el de ofrecer una reconstrucción de las tesis en torno a la constitución del tiempo que se derivan de la filosofía del intelectual catalán Joaquín Xirau. El hilo conductor de la interpretación de sus ideas será el de ofrecer luz respecto a cómo, desde su metafísica teocéntrica basada en el _ordo amoris, _se abordarían las aporías del tiempo, tal y como fueron diagnosticadas por Paul Ricoeur. Con el fin de contextualizar la propuesta (...) de Joaquín Xirau bajo ese marco conceptual, profundizaremos en las claves de su crítica a la ontología positivista por situar las bases de una neutralización de la experiencia de la temporalidad. Desde ahí será posible reflejar en qué medida la vinculación del instante presente a la eternidad que deriva del acto creador de Dios apunta a la resolución de las aporías del tiempo. (shrink)

El presente artículo analiza la relación de Walter Benjamin con la fenomenología desde sus tempranos años de formación universitaria hasta la publicación de su tesis de habilitación no aprobada, _El origen del Trauerspiel alemán_ (1928). Tomando por hilo conductor la doctrina del Eidos, proponemos que en la recurrencia de este topos es posible cifrar tanto su interés inicial por la escuela fenomenológica como las claves de su posterior distanciamiento. Para probar nuestra hipótesis, rastrearemos las referencias a la fenomenología en (...) la preocupación benjaminiana por la cuestión del eidos siguiendo un orden cronológico y deteniéndonos particularmente en dos hitos: el fragmento nunca publicado _Eidos und Begriff_ (1916) que toma por interlocutor al fenomenólogo Paul F. Linke, y la presencia del término esencialidad [_Wesenheit_] en el “Prólogo epistemocrítico” al libro sobre el barroco. En este último, los remanentes de la fenomenología se manifiestan de mano de una figura en sí misma heterodoxa, Jean Héring, cuya definición de la esencialidad permitirá apreciar las correspondencias y divergencias de Benjamin con la fenomenología antes de distanciarse definitivamente de esta corriente. (shrink)

El proyecto de una historia del ser, que Heidegger comienza a elaborar a partir de los años treinta, debe enfrentarse a múltiples críticas para dar cuenta de su coherencia. En particular, se acusa al filósofo de haber reunido la historia de la metafísica en un único y exclusivo hilo conductor (la pregunta por el ser). Sin embargo, las últimas publicaciones póstumas nos ayudan a reconsiderar esta interpretación y nos permiten combatir y matizar sus críticas habituales. En esta contribución, tomando (...) como punto de partida numerosos comentarios y notas dispersos en sus escritos privados, intentaremos dilucidar qué tipo de historia representa la historia del ser. Defenderemos que alberga nuevas posibilidades, recursos metodológicos y conceptuales que merecen una atención detenida. En este sentido, algunos pasajes permiten destacar que la historia del ser sería la continuación de la destrucción fenomenológica, ya anunciada en _Ser y tiempo_. Finalmente, como señala el filósofo, tal vez la historia del ser sería capaz de fundar una interrogación diferente de la historiografía (_Historie_), aportando nuevas perspectivas a problemas clásicos. (shrink)

En este artículo ensayo una lectura atenta de “La littérature et le droit à la mort”, un escrito temprano de Blanchot que constituye una referencia privilegiada a la hora de comprender su abordaje de la literatura. Para ello recapitulo los debates que permean la posguerra francesa, de donde recojo como hilo conductor para el análisis la relación habida entre acción y negación. A través de un examen de la naturaleza del lenguaje, de su modalización en la literatura y de (...) un debate con la noción hegeliana de infinito, la hipótesis que sostengo es que Blanchot lleva hasta sus últimas instancias cierta “potencia de negación” hasta sacarla de quicio, abrevando en una “negación del presente”. (shrink)

Este artículo ofrece una reconstrucción del concepto de ciencia presente en Diferencia y repetición de Gilles Deleuze. Para lograr dicho objetivo, se integra de tres pasos: en el primer tramo, se presentan elementos conceptuales del empirismo humeano y del empirismo nietzscheano recreados por Deleuze que permiten introducirnos en la cuestión del emplazamiento del pensamiento en la globalidad de la experiencia humana y en el planteamiento que el problema de lo científico recibe en este período. En los dos siguientes tramos, con (...) la atención ya focalizada en Diferencia y repetición, se exponen primeramente contenidos relevantes de la ontología del empirismo trascendental para luego proceder a organizar las piezas claves del concepto pluralista de ciencia que Deleuze ofrece entre los capítulos tercero y cuarto de la mencionada obra, tomando como hilo conductor lo que puede designarse como “el ciclo del saber”. El propósito mayor de este abordaje es dar una respuesta fundamentada a la cuestión sobre qué clase de lugar reserva el empirismo trascendental a una eventual ciencia vitalista. (shrink)

Este artículo examina algunas problemáticas en la universidad siguiendo el hilo conductor de la relación entre la población en su conjunto y la institución. La crítica, en el sentido literal de disección o discernimiento, se propone subrayar el límite entre esos problemas y las alternativas potenciales que una reflexión sobre los fundamentos de la universidad pueda revelar. Los momentos a desarrollar son, en primer lugar, el esbozo de la relación entre universidad y población según su influencia mutua. En segundo (...) lugar, la determinación de las problemáticas que para el pueblo suele presentar la formación de la universidad. En tercer lugar, la comprensión de la alternativa tomando como ejemplo el sentido del título universitario y, en concreto, el de doctor. Y, para concluir, el papel de la filosofía dentro de la universidad con base en lo previamente expuesto. (shrink)

En este breve ensayo expongo algunas reflexiones sobre Joan Miró de acuerdo con el principio rector «excremental» indicado en el título. A este respecto, mi punto de partida no es una obra o un conjunto de obras —que comentaré de todos modos—, sino algunas observaciones del artista sobre su método creativo: primero, tras su colaboración con el grupo teatral La Claca (1974) y, después, en un diálogo con G. Raillard (1977). En una de estas observaciones que transcribiré, Miró alude de (...) manera más directa que en otras al acto defecatorio que introduce en el arte. En relación con esta cuestión indicada en el título, el excremento será el hilo conductor de las páginas que siguen. En resumen, con algunas reflexiones que darán a este escrito un alcance más general —al menos eso espero—, las tres partes que lo componen distribuyen la argumentación de la siguiente manera: en primer lugar, algunas consideraciones sobre el mito y la mistificación —del arte, del artista—; a continuación, una breve exposición metodológica de carácter general; y, por último, una visión general para exponer e interpretar lo excremental en la obra y la personalidad de Miró, que contempla tres momentos diferentes que he denominado mierda ubuesca, mierda plástica y mierda exclamativa o verbal. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente trabajo sostiene la tesis de que la fuerza simbólica de la pintura de Goya permite hablar de un pensamiento guiado por el sustento referencial del negro. Resaltaremos, de este modo, que toda su obra implica la consideración de un pensamiento profundo sobre la existencia humana. Con el fin de desarrollar este objetivo entraremos en diálogo con el conjunto de los trabajos del pintor español. A través del análisis de las diversas etapas se podrá ir corroborando cómo el (...) hilo conductor de la melancolía se convierte en una clave hermenéutica. Su pintura melancólica se convertirá en la energía de los procesos de transformación de su pintura y de su propia biografía. Se advertirá, por tanto, de manera espontánea, el desarrollo del proceso alquímico de todo el conjunto a través del cual asistimos a la progresiva destilación existencial de la nigredo. Abstract: This paper sustains the thesis that the symbolic force of Goya's painting allows us to speak of a thought guided by the referential sustenance of black. In this way, we will emphasise that his entire oeuvre implies the consideration of a profound thought on human existence. In order to develop this objective, we shall enter into a dialogue with the Spanish painter's work as a whole. Through the analysis of the different stages, it will be possible to corroborate how the common thread of melancholy becomes a hermeneutic key. His melancholic painting will become the energy of the processes of transformation of his painting and of his own biography. The development of the alchemical process of the whole ensemble, through which we witness the progressive existential distillation of the nigredo, will therefore be spontaneously noticed. (shrink)

Phenomenology inquires into the essences inherent in phenomena (M. Heidegger, V. Sesemann). A fact is something which is explained by something else, while a phenomenon is understood from itself. Beauty is born when the essence of the structures of the work is revealed by appropriate means: sounds must fulfil the obligations of the eidos (the artistic idea). E. Husserl envisioned phenomenology as a science of essences or eidetic science (D. Stewart, A. Mickunas): the interpretation of music is the grasping of (...) the essence and its expression. The phenomenon of music expresses aesthetic feelings; this is served by its processual nature: it is close to the dynamics of change in the human emotional condition. The truth is the state in which the being of the phenomenon of transcendence is opened up: musical truth is equal to musical being. Intersubjectivity: the “Other” is the basis for the emergence of the “I” (E. Husserl). Art is dialogue: all music calls to an ear not the musician’s own (M. Buber). The author summarises the principles of the phenomenological approach: (1) the phenomenon of music must be analysed on the basis of eidetics and not according to the habit of the interpreter; (2) the eidetic meaning cannot be detached from the specifics of the work, its musical characteristics, however, a phenomenological action requires reduction, i.e., a narrowing of attention to what is essential; (3) musical reduction happens through a transformation (metanoia) of the thinking of the person-perceiver: a leap from “how it seems to me” to “how it really is”; (4) the art of music exists not only in the space of consciousness, but also in the space of culture; (5) a musical phenomenon opens up what makes it specific and precludes one from explaining it by use of clichés. A work of musical art becomes such exclusively through perception (M. Dufrenne). The Swiss conductor E. Ansermet states that music is “the time that has been experienced” and associates an affective experience with culture: in the realm of culture, the act of transcendence inherent in all musical experience happens by itself. (shrink)

En una serie de memorias y cartas que se extienden desde el año 1677 hasta pocos años antes de su muerte, Leibniz presenta los rasgos generales que debería poseer la característica como lenguaje o escritura simbólica al servicio de la demostración y la invención. En todos ellos hay una nota más o menos común, consistente en el hecho de que el paradigma para la construcción del lenguaje algorítmico proviene básicamente de los métodos de representación algebraica, en los que Leibniz encuentra (...) dos ventajas extraordinarias. En primer lugar, permiten dar rigor formal a las demostraciones, puesto que la notación analítica reproduce o representa, en un sentido que queda todavía por aclarar, la estructura formal de un estado de cosas, así como su encadenamiento con otros estados de cosas. En segundo lugar, el carácter sensible de la notación matemática proporciona un hilo conductor en cierta forma empírico del pensamiento humano, el cual recibe la guía segura de las reglas de construcción y transformación que rigen las expresiones simbólicas. De esta forma, los lenguajes de la matemática proporcionan un ideal de certeza, tanto en lo que respecta al juicio como a la invención. (shrink)

One of today’s globalized reality is “identity crisis” when the fast technological world highway, accumulating in quantitative terms its power, for humanity it’s become more and more difficult to determine the purpose of the race. The integrity of our individuality that has lost the ability to self-identity and responsibility is sprayed. Actual is an appeal to the issue of responsibility as the identity for the modern Ukrainian civil space that is in a kind of “identification intermezzo”, namely some stops at (...) a crossroad, pauses “between” various landmarks of identity. In the search of constructive sources of identity, appeal to philosophical position of P. Ricoeur, within which the identification process is presented as a responsible implementation of the person its own identity on the basis of freedom. Thus, exactly the responsibility ensures the impossibility of transformation freely identification in arbitrary self-realization, as always involves individual human uniqueness in the wider context of responsibility, not only for themselves but also for their family, relatives, social group, the nation and the whole world community for the future. Responsibility as identity a way to generate and detect internal personal content based on the inclusion of own life position in the context of the human community. Therefore, on the other hand, the loss of identity, as a loss of self and inability to define your own place in relation to the cultural acceptable values and norms in the content of loss meaning. For P. Ricoeur is crucial demarcation between the concepts of “On my own”, which it operates, as opposed to “I” in the Cartesian sense of the term. “I”, which reveals doubt and shows in Cogito entirely metaphysical, hyperbolic and impersonal. It is self-sufficient, feels no need to another, devoid of rootedness and the need to be a member of the dialogue, because all its grounds is in itself. “I” loses any unit determination and is reduced to mental abilities. For the purposes of P. Ricoeur Cartesian “I” is not capable to historical identity and therefore the ability to respond to situations of conversation “I with You”, namely it is unable to be responsible. If “I” question of the identity of the subject can not rise to the level of narrative, but only at the so-called spot or outside the historical identity. Here is the Cogito though diverse in their actions, but it is instantaneous, unable to express themselves in alternative sustainability and temporal variability. Only time perspective openly not-reduced polysemantic “Himself” is the basic of formation of narrative identity of the person. In that way divided “Sam” and “I”, P. Ricoeur goes to the distancing between individual identity as sameness and narrative identity as self. Thus, the self the ability to define themselves by the presence of the other, which is constitutive of the self, so that it establishes and strengthens. “Sam” implicates as other, who is evidence of a permanent discrepancy with them and going beyond their limits. Instead, identity equality and loyalty itself, which finds its expression at the level of the character, which is a set of defining stable traits of man. Narrative identity defines the horizon of the individual in a single temporal perspective, it creates the notion of the history of life as a sign of communication events, in which a character acts. He is a member of a plot, which is exposed to the principles of its own order, the reversal of fortune. My life is not just a set of events, but a story of something. It has a top theme that unites all events, denying access their mechanical set. The idea of narrative unity of life is on the top of the hierarchy of multiple life practices. The integrity of the narrative creates the phenomenon of self-observance person who is not just loyalty to his character but has an ability to keep the word. Self-observance is the ability to define who I am, and appear to others with the words “Here I am!” one who is ready take responsibility for his life’s project. Consequently, the direct link is identity and responsibility, because, despite the fact that every moment I become another, I still remain themselves and the other can rely on me. Keywords : crisis of identity, personal identity as identity, narrative identity as sameness, self-observance, conductor of action, historical and moral responsibility, life as a story. (shrink)

Lecture I begins with a brief history of changing views on what the Trolley Problem is and attempts to solve it. The lecture then critically examines Judith Thomson’s recent view that a moral distinction between killing and letting die, and between what a conductor of the trolley or a mere bystander may do to save people from the trolley, eliminates what she now thinks of as the Trolley Problem. The last part considers a different argument for the conclusion that (...) Thomson now favors, but ultimately attempts to resurrect the Trolley Problem, suggesting that it is not _who_ turns the trolley that makes the turning permissible. (shrink)

This article examines the work of the German conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler through legal philosophy by applying recent scholarship in the intersection of law and music and a method which MacNeil describes as ‘reading jurisprudentially.’ Furtwängler saw himself as a custodian of a great German cultural tradition, a tradition which included not only German musicians but German jurists such as Friedrich Carl von Savigny and Carl Schmitt. Due to this shared German tradition, concepts in Furtwängler’s philosophy of music shares parallels (...) with these German philosophers of law. Furtwängler, much like Savigny, attempted to protect law and music from modern trends which they saw as reducing law and music to a pure philosophical abstraction and in the process severing the organic links between the people and their law and music. Furtwängler also tried to protect music from the Nazis who attempted to have sovereign control over all Germany, including its music. Applying Schmitt’s idea of sovereignty as ‘he who decides on the exception’ to Furtwängler’s 1942 performance of Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony in Berlin, Germany, I will argue that Furtwängler protects the love and humanism of the music by suspending it and by doing so preventing it from being associated with Nazism. (shrink)