In quest’articolo, arricchiti da una serie di considerazioni, argomenti e fonti, secondo un approccio alla cognizione empiricamente informato, processuale e contesto-dipendente, proseguiamo la riflessione avviata da Bianchi e Castiello (2023) sulle varie concezioni di rappresentazione, con particolare riferimento a una sua eventuale applicazione nell’ambito degli studi sulla cognizione delle piante. Questo tipo di analisi interdisciplinare ha intersecato diverse questioni, variamente connesse, come, in particolare, quella relativa al modo di intendere la complessità e la semplicità e i livelli di emergenza nei (...) sistemi cognitivi; quella dell’enfasi sullo studio dei modelli predittivi negli approcci embodied e orientati all’azione per la spiegazione dei comportamenti di anticipazione, dei processi di attenzione e delle varie forme di memoria corporea per il rilevamento, il trasferimento e l’organizzazione selettiva nelle reti di segnalazione delle informazioni ambientali. In ottica pluralista, si esprime, anche questa volta, la necessità di proseguire questa ricerca multilivello sempre più in grado di circoscrivere l’analisi attraverso modelli e test specie-specifici per capire se i comportamenti delle piante si avvalgano di aspetti rappresentazionali (e in che senso) o se sia necessario, e più conveniente, fare riferimento ai processi alla base delle loro risposte comportamentali in termini diversi o nuovi. La questione è aperta e la ricerca in corso. (shrink)

The paper is devoted to the issue of surveillance in capitalism (surveillance capitalism), a phenomenon which has spread in that socio-economic system since the beginning of the 21st century. We attempt to point out the harmfulness of information technologies developing in the wrong direction, carrying the ideas of dataism and post-truth, which increasingly colonize human living space. It turns out that the information (traces) that people leave while operating on the Internet is a source of predicting human behavior in the (...) future (behavioral futures markets). Thus, for the most developed Internet enterprises in the world, they become a motive for violating what seem to be basic political rights, mainly freedom, property and security. As a result, under the influence of the disinformation often present on the Internet, people’s behavior may take the most socially undesirable forms, but desirable in the virtual world. The considerations in the paper are primarily theoretical. The descriptive method was used with elements of the conceptual analysis of surveillance capitalism in the context of dataism and post-truth. (shrink)

El presente escrito intenta poner en diálogo a dos reconocidos autores en temáticas filosóficas y antropológicas: Lluís Duch y Johan Huizinga. Duch postula una reflexión de la existencia misma según los elementos lingüísticos y morfológicos que usaron en la antigua Grecia para explicar, narrar y argumentar las complejidades de la condición humana: mythos y logos. En este artículo queremos examinar este juicio defendido por Duch en su obra y aplicarlo al estudio de la historia. Si la historia, entendida como relato (...) del pasado, es creación propia del hombre, entonces es consecuencia esperada que el relato histórico tenga también una importante cuota de elementos mitológicos. Para hacer plausible nuestra hipótesis habremos de estudiar las bases filológicas de los términos en cuestión: mythos y logos y, en segundo lugar, abordar el tema de la historia entendiéndola -siguiendo principalmente a J. Huizinga- como producto espiritual mediante el cual una generación “rinde cuentas de su pasado”. De esta manera, llegada la conclusión de nuestro trabajo, se espera haber demostrado que el relato histórico de cualquier tiempo y lugar contiene en sí un importante elemento mitológico que no merece ser despreciado, antes bien, reclama la atención de filósofos, antropólogos e historiadores. (shrink)

Ethical analysis on corrupt practices in the sociocultural life in Indonesia.

The objective of this research is to identify the main weaknesses of corporate social responsibility in the textile sector and to propose procedures that help to overcome them. We start from the assumption that the asymmetries and necessary relationships generated to manufacture textile garments in the international context are not attributable to a single circumstance. Equally, it is reasonable to assume that the solutions to these asymmetries are affected by the identification and transversality of such circumstances. The present research was (...) carried out by gathering the opinions and solutions of participants in a Delphi analysis to uncover the critical points and vulnerabilities of the sector. The weaknesses of the sector were then identified following the analysis of responses from two expert panels to two multidisciplinary questionnaires, the questions for which were developed from the stated hypotheses.El objetivo de esta investigación es detectar las principales debilidades del sector textil en relación con la responsabilidad social empresarial y proponer medidas que contribuyan a superarlas. Partimos de que las asimetrías y relaciones generadas necesarias para fabricar prendas textiles en el contexto internacional no son imputables a una sola circunstancia. Es igualmente entendible que sus soluciones pasen por la identificación y la transversalidad de dichas circunstancias. En la presente investigación, lo llevamos a cabo mediante la de la recolección de opiniones y soluciones expresadas por diferentes participantes, y a través de un análisis Delphi, para conocer cuáles son los puntos críticos y vulnerabilidades del sector, y la posterior identificación de sus debilidades tras el análisis de las respuestas de dos paneles de expertos a dos cuestionarios multidisciplinares con preguntas desarrolladas sobre las hipótesis planteadas. (shrink)

Criticism on Syair Jawi, a Malay classical literature contains conduct of life for Muslim.

This article aims to answer a three of questions as follows: first, whether reconciliation between the refugees of Islam minorities, Shia Sampang andAhmadiyah Lombok, and Sunni’s majority in their hometown still possible? Second, if it is still possible how to implement it and what constraints do arise? Third, theoretically, which model of reconciliation is in accordance with the context of the intra-religious conflict in Indonesia? This article is written based on the study of literature and field research, conducted by LIPI (...) research team, which seeks to identify conditions or necessary conditions to achieve reconciliation between displaced Islamic minority and Islamic majority live in their places of origin. The issue of reconciliation is very important, considering both the refugee community is Indonesian citizens who have the right to be protected. However, in reality, they like to be in a quarantine so-called refugee camps. The proposition of this article is reconciliation among communities displaced by the public place of origin is possible with certain conditions such as the strong implementation of the fulfillment of human rights, cultural context and theological beliefs that support the peace process, and the role of active government in pushing the peace process. (shrink)

A short reconstruction of the analytic-synthetic method, a key idea in Medieval and Early Modern Logic.

Karakol is a ritual dance performed by the people of the province of Cavite every time there is a feast of a Patron Saint or a “Poon” in a chapel or parish. However, in recent years, there has been a shift towards the use of modern music and modern steps and variations in dancing the ritual dance Karakol. This change has received different reactions from the people, especially with the older generations. Some people are criticizing these changes, and want to (...) bring it back to the dance to its traditional style. However, some people perceive these changes as an opportunity to attract younger generations to go back to church and continue the tradition of dancing the Karakol. This research paper examines the changes in the Karakol ritual dance. Focusing on the evolution of the dance and its ritual, the motivations behind the changes from traditional religious Karakol, modern religious Karakol, to modern secular Karakol, a proposed categorization by Dioso and Demeterio in this paper on Karakol Ritual Dance. The theory of cultural performance, and Tiatco’s phenomenon of Panata, Pagtitipon, and Pagdiriwang are one of the bases of this paper, this study comparatively analyzed the three proposed categories of Karakol using the data from interviews and online videos and livestreams, visual ethnography during Karakol celebrations, as well as the personal experience of the researcher as a devotee and as a Karakol dancer. By identifying the cultural meanings and symbols expressed in the Cultural Performance, the study identified the differences in the suggested categories of Karakol in two old churches in Cavite, the Tanza Church and Rosario Church. In this sense, traditional religious Karakol is being overshadowed while the modern categories such as modern religious Karakol and modern secular Karakol are becoming more popular and more recognized by new devotees and Karakol dancers. This research is part of preliminary studies on this undocumented culture of devotion through the Karakol ritual dance. (shrink)

Study of Life Satisfaction (LS) has been a preeminent focus in adolescent research but construct validity related to culture has been questioned. The aim of this study is to develop a psychometric questionnaire in order to evaluate adolescent satisfaction. The development and psychometric properties of Life Satisfaction for adolescent in high school students are described. Data was collected by using questionnaire on Life Satisfaction which allows respondents to rate subjective importance and his/her satisfaction in different domains of life. Participants are (...) 207 high school students at Yogyakarta. Five factors used in this study (friend, family, school, self, and environment only yielded one factor which accounted for 69.5 % of the variance. The scale developed in the present study can be a useful tool for the evaluation of other relative adolescent satisfaction. The result also indicated that there is a general level of satisfaction an contentment with their life among students. (shrink)

In this article, I adopt the problem of world-experience as a clue to tackling the issue of the transformation of Husserl’s phenomenology in the United States. Starting from Landgrebe’s article on the world as a phenomenological problem I distinguish those thinkers who see in Husserl’s treatment of the life-world the fundamental issue of phenomenology from those who, by contrast, describe phenomenology as an analysis of the given experience. Through a comparison between Farber and Schutz, I reflect on the ways to (...) conciliate the phenomenological method with a natural view of the world, and finally, referring to Gurwitsch’s perspective, I ask to what extent this sort of mundane phenomenology could deal with constitutive analyses. (shrink)

The neoliberal economic system is a system that is used to support economic and political activities in the worldwide. But a series of failures was created by this system. The fundamental problems are economic inequality at the state level and economic gap at the community level. This study aims to prove the fragility of the neoliberal economic system by using Muhammad Bāqir al-Ṣadr's sharpy analysis of materialism capitalism. This study uses a critical literature study method. The main references are Falsafatunā (...) and IqtiṢādunā. According to Bāqir al-Ṣadr, the Islamic economic system is the answer to the problems posed by various economic systems based on capitalism and materialism. (shrink)

This essay investigates the dichotomy between appearance and reality. We will look into some emblematic examples, like the Müller-Lyer optical illusion and the Gelb effect, in order to show how a careful phenomenological analysis overcomes all forms of dualism about the experience of the external world. The aforementioned phenomenological approach is based on immediate experience and, more broadly, contributes to the methodology of experimental phenomenology.

Questo studio analizza la tipologia degli insediamenti lungo la strada Komoran-Polluzhë, con particolare attenzione agli aspetti demografici, funzionali ed economici. La ricerca esamina i cambiamenti della popolazione dal 1948 al 2024, evidenziando le trasformazioni nelle categorie degli insediamenti dovute alla crescita naturale della popolazione, alla migrazione e all’influenza dei centri urbani. Gli insediamenti sono stati classificati in base alla dimensione demografica, al tasso di crescita e ai ruoli funzionali, includendo insediamenti rurali primari, centri rurali locali, insediamenti prossimi alle aree urbane (...) e sotto-centri. I risultati indicano che, negli ultimi due decenni, alcuni insediamenti hanno registrato un declino o una stagnazione demografica, principalmente a causa delle ridotte dimensioni della popolazione, della posizione periferica e della migrazione verso centri urbani più grandi o all’estero. Al contrario, gli insediamenti caratterizzati da una posizione geografica favorevole, dalla prossimità ai centri urbani e da un migliore accesso alle infrastrutture e alle funzioni economiche hanno mostrato una crescita demografica più rapida e trasformazioni morfologiche più evidenti. Nel complesso, lo studio dimostra l’interazione dinamica tra tendenze demografiche, ruoli funzionali e influenza urbana nel plasmare lo sviluppo degli insediamenti rurali. Questi risultati possono contribuire alla pianificazione territoriale, alla governance locale e alla definizione di strategie di sviluppo sostenibile in Kosovo. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar que las llamadas "teorías de la identidad psiconeural" no tienen la estructura lógica de una teoría genuina de la identidad. Un operador de identidad genuino es un operador de segundo orden, o de órdenes superiores, que convierte predicados n-ádicos en predicados n-1-ádicos. Si las teorias de la identidad psiconeural no son, en realidad, teorías de la identidad, entonces la críticas habituales que usan la Ley de Leibniz y otros rasgos que se relacionan con (...) la identidad no tienen ningún efecto. Así, dos serán las conclusiones: (i) que las llamadas "teorías de la identidad psiconeural" deben de reformularse, de manera que expresen claramente su contenido, y (ii) que las críticas utizadas hasta ahora contra ellas no consiguen su objetivo.The aim of this paper is to show that the so-called "theories of psichoneural identity" do not possess the logical structure of a genuine theory of identity. The identity operator is a second- or higher-order operator that converts n-adic predicates into n-1-ádic ones. If the so-called "theories of psichoneural identity" are not theories of identity at all, then two conclusions follow: (i) these theories of the mind-body relation should state their contents in a more appropiate way, and (ii) the usual criticisms against them, which bear on some features that all idetity theories must hold, as for instance Leibniz Law, leave them untouched. (shrink)

EI tratamiento que hace Descartes deI ‘yo pienso-existo’, lejos de todo proceder inferencial, nos muestra la condición propia de un pensamiento que es “res cogitans”: mi ‘asistir a’ como condición originaria de la fuerza de realidad que soy. Así, el conocimiento que tengo de mí como pensamiento es prejudicativo: no necesita afirmación alguna, sino que expresa prevolitivamente el ser-siendo, o acto, que soy como pensamiento, y que no se extiende a mi cuerpo. The treatment Deseartes does of ‘I think - (...) I exist’ far from any inference, shows the conditioning which is proper of a “res cogitans” thought: my ‘attendance to’ as the originary conditioning of the strength of reality which I am. Thus, the Knowledge I have of myself as thought is prejudicative: it needs no affirmation but it expresses prevolitionally the ‘to be-being’, or act, that I am as thought and which does not extend to my body. (shrink)

The Calcolo geometrico (1888) seems to have been a turning point in the scientific career of Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932) because with this book he started publishing in logic. Looking for motivations of his early interests in the field one is naturally led to investigate the background of that book. Besides his previous work in mathematical analysis, methods and results of some Italian mathematicians and—above all—the spread of Grassmann's theories in Italy played a significant role: this point seems to have been (...) often underestimated by the historians of the subject. The connections between Calcolo geometrico and other related areas are also discussed. Peano's handwritten remarks and references taken from his own working copy of the Calcolo geometrico constitute the appendix of the paper. ‘Simbolismo da alas ad mente de homo’ (Peano 1913, 390). (shrink)