ABSTRACT Topos quantum theory is standardly portrayed as a kind of ‘neo-realist’ reformulation of quantum mechanics.1 1 In this article, I study the extent to which TQT can really be characterized as a realist formulation of the theory, and examine the question of whether the kind of realism that is provided by TQT satisfies the philosophical motivations that are usually associated with the search for a realist reformulation of quantum theory. Specifically, I show that the notion of the quantum (...) state is problematic for those who view TQT as a realist reformulation of quantum theory. 1Introduction 2Topos Quantum Theory 2.1Phase space 2.2Hilbert space 2.3Beyond Hilbert space 2.4Defining realism 2.5The spectral presheaf 2.6The logic of topos quantum theory 3Interpreting States in Topos Quantum Theory 4Interpreting Truth Values and Clopen Subobjects in Topos Quantum Theory 4.1Interpreting the truth values 4.2Interpreting Subcl 5Neo-realism 5.1The covariant approach 6Conclusion. (shrink)

Peirce’s Existential Graphs provide a geometrical understanding of a variety of logics (classical, intuitionistic, modal, fi rst-order). The geometrical interpretation is given by topological transformations of closed (Jordan) curves on the plane, but it can be extended to other surfaces (sphere, cylinder, torus, etc.) The result provides the appearance of new logics related to the shapes of the surfaces. Going beyond, one can draw existential graphs over general Riemann Surfaces, and, introducing tools from algebraic geometry (Sheaves, Grothendieck Toposes, Elementary Toposes), (...) one can try to capture both the logics and the geometrical shapes through a new Topos of Existential Graphs over Riemann Surfaces, and through the classifi er subobject of the topos. We off er new perspectives (concepts, defi nitions, examples, conjectures) along this road. -/- Os Grafos Existenciais de Peirce oferecem uma compreensão geométrica de uma variedade de lógicas (clássica, intuicionista, modal, de primeira ordem). A sua interpretação geométrica é dada por transformações topológicas de curvas fechadas (Jordan) no plano, mas pode ser estendida a outras superfícies (esfera, cilindro, toro etc.). Além disso, é possível desenhar grafos existenciais sobre superfícies de Riemann gerais e, introduzindo ferramentas da geometria algébrica (Feixes, Toposes de Grothendieck, Toposes Elementares), é possível tentar capturar as lógicas nas formas geométricas por meio de um novo Topos de Grafos Existenciais sobre Superfícies de Riemann e por meio do subobjeto classifi cador do topos. Oferecemos novas perspectivas (conceitos, defi nições, exemplos, conjecturas) ao longo desse caminho. (shrink)

The Topos of Music is the upgraded and vastly deepened English extension of the seminal German Geometrie der Töne. It reflects the dramatic progress of mathematical music theory and its operationalization by information technology since the publication of Geometrie der Töne in 1990. The conceptual basis has been vastly generalized to topos-theoretic foundations, including a corresponding thoroughly geometric musical logic. The theoretical models and results now include topologies for rhythm, melody, and harmony, as well as a classification theory (...) of musical objects that comprises the topos-theoretic concept framework. Classification also implies techniques of algebraic moduli theory. The classical models of modulation and counterpoint have been extended to exotic scales and counterpoint interval dichotomies. The probably most exciting new field of research deals with musical performance and its implementation on advanced object-oriented software environments. This subject not only uses extensively the existing mathematical music theory, it also opens the language to differential equations and tools of differential geometry, such as Lie derivatives. Mathematical performance theory is the key to inverse performance theory, an advanced new research field which deals with the calculation of varieties of parameters which give rise to a determined performance. This field uses techniques of algebraic geometry and statistics, approaches which have already produced significant results in the understanding of highest-ranked human performances. The book's formal language and models are currently being used by leading researchers in Europe and Northern America and have become a foundation of music software design. This is also testified by the book's nineteen collaborators and the included CD-ROM containing software and music examples. (shrink)

Any attempt to construct a realist interpretation of quantum theory founders on the Kochen-Specker theorem, which asserts the impossibility of assigning values to quantum quantities in a way that preserves functional relations between them. We construct a new type of valuation which is defined on all operators, and which respects an appropriate version of the functional composition principle. The truth-values assigned to propositions are (i) contextual; and (ii) multi-valued, where the space of contexts and the multi-valued logic for each context (...) come naturally from the topos theory of presheaves. The first step in our theory is to demonstrate that the Kochen-Specker theorem is equivalent to the statement that a certain presheaf defined on the category of self-adjoint operators has no global elements. We then show how the use of ideas drawn from the theory of presheaves leads to the definition of a generalised valuation in quantum theory whose values are sieves of operators. In particular, we show how each quantum state leads to such a generalised valuation. A key ingredient throughout is the idea that, in a situation where no normal truth-value can be given to a proposition asserting that the value of a physical quantity A lies in a set D of real numbers , it is nevertheless possible to ascribe a partial truth-value which is determined by the set of all coarse-grained propositions that assert that some function f(A) lies in f(D), and that are true in a normal sense. The set of all such coarse-grainings forms a sieve on the category of self-adjoint operators, and is hence fundamentally related to the theory of presheave. (shrink)

Os Grafos Existenciais de Peirce oferecem uma compreensão geométrica de uma variedade de lógicas (clássica, intuicionista, modal, de primeira ordem). A sua interpretação geométrica é dada por transformações topológicas de curvas fechadas (Jordan) no plano, mas pode ser estendida a outras superfícies (esfera, cilindro, toro etc.). Além disso, é possível desenhar grafos existenciais sobre superfícies de Riemann gerais e, introduzindo ferramentas da geometria algébrica (Feixes, Toposes de Grothendieck, Toposes Elementares), é possível tentar capturar as lógicas nas formas geométricas por meio (...) de um novo Topos de Grafos Existenciais sobre Superfícies de Riemann e por meio do subobjeto classificador do topos. Oferecemos novas perspectivas (conceitos, definições, exemplos, conjecturas) ao longo desse caminho. (shrink)

The concept of topos has received considerable attention from both argumentation and discourse studies, although its usage and meaning remain obscure. In this article, I argue that the rediscovery of Aristotelian thought might provide a comprehensible explication of topos. Despite the discourse historical approach’s emphasis on topos, its context is found to be limited and this exposes the argumentation strategies of the DHA to criticism. To overcome any shortcomings and provide a better understanding of topos, a (...) classical approach to the concept is suggested, derived from Aristotle’s rhetoric and dialectic. By focusing on Greek media discourses on ‘Islamist terrorism’, I seek to illustrate the synthesis between the DHA’s argumentation strategies and Aristotelian topos as a fruitful analytical and theoretical tool. (shrink)

We extend the topos-theoretic treatment given in previous papers of assigning values to quantities in quantum theory, and of related issues such as the Kochen-Specker theorem. This extension has two main parts: the use of von Neumann algebras as a base category (Section 2); and the relation of our generalized valuations to (i) the assignment to quantities of intervals of real numbers, and (ii) the idea of a subobject of the coarse-graining presheaf (Section 3).

Terminologically, the “topos of mu” and the “predicative self” originated in the Kyoto School and are traceable to the work of its founder NISHIDA Kitarō. The full phrase was coined by NAKAMURA Yūjirō. Conceptually, the topos of mu or place of nothingness is Nishida’s development of the Buddhist notion of anatta or no self and radiating out from that locus of emptiness is a self constituted by its predicates or the things to which it is connected by an (...) existential copula. Deeply ingrained in Western languages, metaphysics, and religion is the subjective self, in both the linguistic and psychological senses of “subjective.” That Buddhism, as reworked by the Kyota School, or Daoism, or any other non-Western tradition of thought, will catch on in the West was a puerile fantasy of some members of the first generation of environmental philosophers. There is a good chance, however, that the Western worldview may evolve toward a similar conception of the self—as ecological, relational, or systems thinking becomes ever more ingrained. We in the West may come to understand that we are constituted by our social and environmental relationships, in which we are deeply embedded and on which we are utterly dependent, such that world care is the essence of self-help. (shrink)

In a previous paper, we have proposed assigning as the value of a physical quantity in quantum theory, a certain kind of set (a sieve) of quantities that are functions of the given quantity. The motivation was in part physical---such a valuation illuminates the Kochen-Specker theorem; and in part mathematical---the valuation arises naturally in the topos theory of presheaves. This paper discusses the conceptual aspects of this proposal. We also undertake two other tasks. First, we explain how the proposed (...) valuations could arise much more generally than just in quantum physics; in particular, they arise as naturally in classical physics. Second, we give another motivation for such valuations (that applies equally to classical and quantum physics). This arises from applying to propositions about the values of physical quantities some general axioms governing partial truth for any kind of proposition. (shrink)

Topos księgi należy do najsilniej zakorzenionych motywów w kulturze. Tradycyjnie wiążący się z księgami świętymi, średniowieczną Księgą Natury oraz nowożytną encyklopedią, występujący w filozofii, literaturze, mitach, legendach, religiach i kulturze masowej, oznaczał źródłową prawdę, pełnię sensu, zamknięcie i wyczerpanie, jednym słowem – wiedzę absolutną. Jego nowoczesna wersja jawi się zaś jako księga-kłącze, czyli niesterowny, acentryczny, niehierarchiczny system otwarty, którego współczesną wersję stanowi Internet.

We extend the topos-theoretic treatment given in previous papers of assigning values to quantities in quantum theory. In those papers, the main idea was to assign a sieve as a partial and contextual truth-value to a proposition that the value of a quantity lies in a certain set D of real numbers. Here we relate such sieve-valued valuations to valuations that assign to quantities subsets, rather than single elements, of their spectrum (we call these interval valuations). There are two (...) main results. First, there is a natural correspondence between these two kinds of valuation, which uses the notion of a state's support for a quantity (Section 3). Second, if one starts with a more general notion of interval valuation, one sees that our interval valuations based on the notion of support (and correspondingly, our sieve-valued valuations) are a simple way to secure certain natural properties of valuations, such as monotonicity (Section 4). (shrink)

We define the notion of a model of higher-order modal logic in an arbitrary elementary topos E. In contrast to the well-known interpretation of higher-order logic, the type of propositions is not interpreted by the subobject classifier ΩE, but rather by a suitable complete Heyting algebra H. The canonical map relating H and ΩE both serves to interpret equality and provides a modal operator on H in the form of a comonad. Examples of such structures arise from surjective geometric (...) morphisms f : F → E, where H = f∗ΩF. The logic differs from non-modal higher-order logic in that the principles of functional and propositional extensionality are not longer valid but may be replaced by modalized versions. The usual Kripke, neighborhood, and sheaf semantics for propositional and first-order modal logic are subsumed by this notion. (shrink)

This paper focuses on the significance of the concept of noise for cognition and computation. The concept of noise was massively transformed in the twentieth century with the advent of information theory, cybernetics, and computer science, all of which provide formal accounts of information and noise centrally concerned with contingency. We show how the concept has changed from these classical formulations, through developments in mathematics (topology and topos theory), computing (interactive computing and univalent foundations), and cognitive science (predictive processing (...) and cognitive morphodynamics). Ultimately it argues for the central importance of noise not only within a topological conception of cognition and computation, but also in the transcendental-empirical torsion of image schemata and the social interactive elaboration of freedom. (shrink)

We discuss some ways in which topos theory (a branch of category theory) can be applied to interpretative problems in quantum theory and quantum gravity. In Sec.1, we introduce these problems. In Sec.2, we introduce topos theory, especially the idea of a topos of presheaves. In Sec.3, we discuss several possible applications of topos theory to the problems in Sec.1. In Sec.4, we draw some conclusions.

Topos quantum theory represents a whole new approach to the formalization of non-relativistic quantum theory. It is well known that TQT replaces the orthomodular quantum logic of the traditional Hilbert space formalism with a new intuitionistic logic that arises naturally from the topos theoretic structure of the theory. However, it is less well known that TQT also has a dual logical structure that is paraconsistent. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between these two logical structures and study (...) the implications of this relationship for the definition of modal operators in TQT. (shrink)

Motivated by the desire to unify the physical realm with the biological realm, we first present the unified physical consequences of microcosmMicrocosmand macrocosmMacrocosm as applications of temporal toposTemporal topos, t-topos. That means that for the quantum realm, we must provide the formulations for the quantum dualityDuality, the quantum entanglementQuantum entanglement, the uncertainties, and the crucially important measurement problem. For the macrocosmMacrocosm, we give the notion of an ur-lightconeUr-lightcone corresponding to the notion of a light-cone in relativity. A formulation (...) for the gravitational effectGravitational effect on the particle-wave dualityDualityphenomenon willWill be given. (shrink)

This paper develops some ideas from previous work (coauthored, mostly with C.J.Isham). In that work, the main proposal is to assign as the value of a physical quantity in quantum theory (or classical physics), not a real number, but a certain kind of set (a sieve) of quantities that are functions of the given quantity. The motivation was in part physical---such a valuation illuminates the Kochen-Specker theorem; in part mathematical---the valuations arise naturally in the theory of presheaves; and in part (...) conceptual---the valuations arise from applying to propositions about the values of physical quantities some general axioms governing partial truth for any kind of proposition. In this paper, I give another conceptual motivation for the proposal. I develop (in Sections 2 and 3) the notion of a topos (of which presheaves give just one kind of example); and explain how this notion gives a satisfactory general framework for making sense of the idea of partial truth. Then I review (in Section 4) how our proposal applies this framework to the case of physical theories. (shrink)

The daseinisation is a mapping from an orthomodular lattice in ordinary quantum theory into a Heyting algebra in topos quantum theory. While distributivity does not always hold in orthomodular lattices, it does in Heyting algebras. We investigate the conditions under which negations and meets are preserved by daseinisation, and the condition that any element in the Heyting algebra transformed through daseinisation corresponds to an element in the original orthomodular lattice. We show that these conditions are equivalent, and that, not (...) only in the case of non-distributive orthomodular lattices but also in the case of Boolean algebras containing more than four elements, the Heyting algebra transformed from the orthomodular lattice through daseinisation will contain an element that does not correspond to any element of the original orthomodular lattice. (shrink)

We investigate a certain system of intuitionistic set theory from three points of view: an elementary set theory with bounded separation, a topos with distinguished inclusions, and a category of classes with a system of small maps. The three presentations are shown to be equivalent in a strong sense.

The present work depicts the content and functions of very specific carriers of collective memory, namely the epigraphic transmissions. The rich tradition of using epigraphic objects, their durability and communicative seriousness, make them consistently attractive forms of transferring memory also in small local communities of towns, villages, parishes, schools and working commu-nities. Those seen as particularly interesting ones are epigraphic objects, whose task is to “commemorate the origins”. The use of the “topos of origins” creates an initiation moment on (...) the line of collective memory of a given local community. The observations presented in the work relate to the epigraphic resource, created in the last half century within the spatial framework of the borderland of Silesia and Lesser Poland. (shrink)

The aim of the paper is to show that topoi are useful in the categorial analysis of the constructive logic with strong negation. In any topos ϵ we can distinguish an object Λ and its truth-arrows such that sets ϵ have a Nelson algebra structure. The object Λ is defined by the categorial counterpart of the algebraic FIDEL-VAKARELOV construction. Then it is possible to define the universal quantifier morphism which permits us to make the first order predicate calculus. The (...) completeness theorem is proved using the Kripke-type semantic defined by THOMASON. (shrink)

Zusammenfassung Der Begriff,interkultureller Konflikt' wird nicht nur in Medien und Öffentlichkeit, sondern auch in der wissenschaftlichen Diskussion zur Bezeichnung von Auseinandersetzungen verwendet, an denen Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund beteiligt sind. Den Konfliktbeteiligten werden dabei Mentalitätsunterschiede attestiert, die häufig mit Verweis auf kulturelle Differenzen erklärt werden. Der Beitrag liefert Erklärungen dafür, warum solche Auseinandersetzungen im Sport so selbstverständlich als,interkulturelle' Konflikte gekennzeichnet werden. Im Mittelpunkt der konflikt­theoretischen Analyse steht die Frage, wie das,Interkulturelle' zum Topos von Konflikten im Sport wird. Ziel ist es, (...) gängige Annahmen des Diskurses über interkulturelle Konflikte im Sport kritisch zu hinterfragen. Den theoretischen Rahmen hierfür bildet die systemtheoretische Konfliktsoziologie. (shrink)

In philosophy, it is always refreshing to introduce unconventional ideas. It requires a certain audacity from the author; he or she may face the wall of silence or be shunned by academia, both treatments being undesirable. However, these are more rewarding than gathering laurels for beating the dead philosophical cats like Humes, Leibnitzs, Wittgensteins, Whiteheads, and others, a practice that for many philosophers is their life's opus. Bartłomiej Skowron’s book _Part and Whole: Towards Topo-Ontology_, published by Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej (...) in 2021, certainly does not fall into this category. Skowron undertakes a discovery trip into an unknown land in his book, exploring new philosophical territories. (shrink)

Version 3 (April 2026). We develop a mathematical framework for neural computation in which percepts are modeled as probabilistic structures on directed acyclic graphs of subthreshold oscillatory (STO) activity, and affective valence is defined in terms of entropy dynamics on these structures. A central problem in the study of consciousness is how structured subjective experience, including both perceptual organization and affective tone, arises from distributed physical processes in the brain. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) representing time-stamped STO activity are assigned two (...) pattern functors: a bound functor, yielding Bayesian networks compatible with the causal organization, and an unbound functor, yielding arbitrary vertex-wise distributions. These constructions form objects in the set-valued presheaf topos where the base category is the category of DAGs with ancestral inclusions. Within this setting, the internal intuitionistic logic of the topos provides a formal language for describing perceptual and computational organization. We propose that affective valence induces a Grothendieck topology on this topos, regulating which locally defined probabilistic structures admit amalgamation. This yields a unified framework in which logical, probabilistic, and affective aspects of neural processing are integrated. We argue that this framework provides a principled account of how perceptual coherence and affective valence may jointly emerge from mesoscopic cortical field dynamics, offering a mathematically grounded approach to the relationship between physical processes and conscious experience. (shrink)

Category theory is a framework for the investigation of mathematical form and structure in their most general manifestations. Central to it is the concept of structure-preserving map, or transformation. While the importance of this notion was long recognized in geometry (witness, for example, Klein’s Erlanger Programm of 1872), its pervasiveness in mathematics did not really begin to be appreciated until the rise of abstract algebra in the 1920s and 30s, where, in the form of homomorphism, the idea had been central (...) from the beginning. So emerged the view that the essence of a mathematical structure lies not in its internal constitution as a set-theoretical construct, but rather in the nature of its relationship with other structures of the same kind through the network of transformations between them. (shrink)

Version 6 (May 10, 2026) We develop a mathematical framework for neural computation in which percepts are modeled as probabilistic structures on directed acyclic graphs of subthreshold oscillatory (STO) activity, and affective valence is defined in terms of entropy dynamics on these structures. A central problem in the study of consciousness is how structured subjective experience, including both perceptual organization and affective tone, arises from distributed physical processes in the brain. Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) representing time-stamped STO activity are assigned (...) two pattern functors: a bound functor, yielding Bayesian networks compatible with the causal organization, and an unbound functor, yielding arbitrary vertex-wise distributions. These constructions form objects in the set-valued presheaf topos where the base category is the category of DAGs with ancestral inclusions. Within this setting, the internal intuitionistic logic of the topos provides a formal language for describing perceptual and computational organization. We propose that affective valence induces a Grothendieck topology on this topos, regulating which locally defined probabilistic structures admit amalgamation. This yields a unified framework in which logical, probabilistic, and affective aspects of neural processing are integrated. We argue that this framework provides a principled account of how perceptual coherence and affective valence may jointly emerge from mesoscopic cortical field dynamics, offering a mathematically grounded approach to the relationship between physical processes and conscious experience. (shrink)

Volume 40, Issue 4, November 2019, Page 389-402.

We develop a theory of neural organization in which percepts are modeled as probabilistic structures on directed acyclic graphs of time-stamped subthreshold oscillatory states, and affective valence is defined by entropy dynamics on these structures. Each graph is assigned two pattern functors: a bound functor, whose elements are Bayesian networks compatible with the graph's causal organization, and an unbound functor, whose elements are arbitrary distributions on the corresponding vertex-state spaces. These functors are organized in a set-valued presheaf topos over (...) the category of directed acyclic graphs with ancestral inclusions, so that restriction corresponds to marginalization. Within this setting, percept-types are subfunctors, percepts are compatible families of local distributions, and the entropic valence determines a time-dependent Grothendieck topology governing which local patterns count as admissible for perceptual integration. The resulting internal intuitionistic logic provides a formal language for describing local endorsement, obstruction, and amalgamation of perceptual structure. We argue that this framework gives a principled account of how perceptual coherence and affective valence may jointly arise from mesoscopic cortical field dynamics. (shrink)

This article questions the status of the magical in early Sartre both as an inheritage of the reading of french psychology and anthropology and as the place of the phenomenological break by which an original philosophy of existence can be developped. The author traces the apparition of magical consciousness, whose spontaneity persists in a specifical way where it seemed to be hindered, peculiarly in the pathologies of imagination and in the emotion. The category of the magical leads Sartre to think (...) about the autonomy of irreflected consciousness by attributing a sense to its different attitudes, according to a synthetical understanding of the human reality. In an other neuralgic point, the author shows how the absolute consciousness imprisons itself in the world through a phenomenon of degradation thanks to which emerges the psychè : this mixed existence of For-itself and In-itself is implaccably magical. Well, the concrete relationships with the other being mediated by the psychical facts, then the author inlights that the magical appears anew in the phenomenological ontology through the category of possession – possession of the Other and possession of things – putting the transcendance at the rank of a primitive witchcraft. (shrink)

Das sokratische Diktum „Ich weiß, dass ich nichts weiß“: Wie kann Philosophie wissen, was sie nicht weiß? Eine Philosophie, die weiß, was sie nicht wissen kann, ist eine Paradoxie – und sie macht aus dieser Paradoxie nicht selten ein Stilmittel. Der algerisch-französische Philosoph Jacques Derrida (1930-2004) hat sich in seinem Projekt der aporetischen Schriften wie kaum ein anderer Philosoph des 20. Jahrhunderts den Grenzen – in seinen Worten: Aporien (von altgriech. oν ἄπόρος: ohne Weg) – traditioneller Wissenskonzepte der Geistesgeschichte angenommen. (...) Grenzen des Wissens erscheinen in den 20 Jahren des Projekts jedoch nicht schlichtweg als Beschränkungen, sondern gleichermaßen als Wegweiser. Der vorliegende Text soll am Beispiel von Derridas aporetischen Schriften den Sokratismus der Dekonstruktion verständlich machen. Und er wird dabei nachvollziehbar werden lassen, welcher rhetorischen Mittel es einer Philosophie bedarf, die trotz des zum common sense spätmoderner Gesellschaften gewordenen sokratischen Diktums noch mehr wissen möchte. Pace Sokrates. (shrink)

The concept of love has emerged as a central topic for philosophical and theoretical discussion over the past few years. Whereas the dominant ideology of love in contemporary culture insists that love be understood as a discovery of my long lost second half with whom I merge and finally recreate a whole, contemporary philosophers and theorists have stressed the need to reconsider the concept of love within an ethical framework that can sustain the idea of the other as forever different (...) and separate. Taking as a starting point two different taxi scenes offered by Foucault and Woolf respectively, the article outlines and discusses those two contemporary love grammars, focusing on the concepts of lack and fantasy. Whereas Woolf’s taxi scene is reminiscent of a notion of love as a fantasy of unification, Foucault’s notion of love not only observes the need to maintain the other’s specificity and separateness, but also considers lack and fantasy to be primary and fundamental parts of love as lived experience. While Foucault insists on pleasure and action he also observes the central and unavoidable power of imagination that is attributed the name and function of recollection. The article finally addresses the question of if and how we might be responsible for our daydreams and fantasies. (shrink)

Jahrhundertelang wurde das Christentum vorwiegend als Buchreligion verstanden. Das hat der Theologie den Vorwurf der »Raumvergessenheit« eingebracht. Seit dem »spatial turn« wird auch in den theologischen Disziplinen ein reger Diskurs um die Wahrnehmung von Räumen für die Theoriebildung geführt. Der Band lädt ein zu Ortserkundungen und zeigt, dass Religion nicht im luftleeren Raum existiert.

In der Mitte des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts hielt der Informationsbegriff insbesondere durch die Molekularisierung der Genetik und die entstehende Kybernetik Einzug in die Biologie und avancierte zu einem der zentralen Begriffe der Lebenswissenschaften. Dass es sich dabei jedoch nicht um einen theoretischen Term handelt, sondern um einen schillernden Begriff, der innerhalb unterschiedlicher lebenswissenschaftlicher Paradigmen ganz verschiedenes bedeutet, lässt sich besonders deutlich am Beispiel der Biosemiotik und der Synthetischen Biologie aufzeigen. In beiden Paradigmen sind mit dem Informationsbegriff und dessen semantischem Feld auch (...) diverse Erklärungsansprüche verbunden, die im vorliegenden Band einer wissenschaftsphilosophischen Kritik unterzogen werden. (shrink)

Les innombrables interprétations de l’allégorie de la caverne, aussi réduc­trices ou spéculatives, aussi fidèles à la lettre ou à l'esprit du texte soient-elles, paraissent s'effacer les unes les autres, comme balayées par la souplesse d'un texte qui autorise les lectures les plus élémentaires comme les plus raffinées. Cet "étrange tableau" qu'expose Socrate s'insère immé­dia­tement entre deux pôles d'intelligibilité censés en assurer la compréhension : l'image de la ligne au...