La creatividad artística, específica dimensión de la libre autoactividad del individuo pero también de alcance social o institucional, es contemplada jurídicamente como una manifestación de la libertad de expresión. En este artículo se intenta determinar cuándo, cómo y bajo qué circunstancias la libertad de creación artística puede y debe ser limitada. Se analizan diversas experiencias litigiosas resueltas por los Tribunales internacionales de Europa e Iberoamérica , de acuerdo con principios procedimentales de cobertura legal, finalidad legítimo y necesidad en una sociedad (...) democrática y proporcionalidad, desde la elaboración jurisprudencial de conceptos y apreciaciones como “la protección del derecho de otros” y “el razonable equilibrio de sacrifi cios”. Asimismo con relación a la interferencia de parámetros extrasistemáticos, políticamente o religiosamente correctos , limitadores de facto de la libertad de expresión artística.The artistic creativity, specifi c dimension of the free individual selfactivity but also of social or institutional reach, is regarded legally as a manifestation of freedom of expression. In this article tries to determine when, how and under what circumstances freedom of artistic creativity can and must be limited. Diverse litigious experiences solved by the international Courts of Europe and Ibero-America are analyzed, in agreement with the procedural principles of legal cover, legitimate purpose and necessity in a democratic society and proportionality, from the jurisprudential elaboration of concepts and appreciations like “the protection of the right of others”, “the intensity, gravity or gratuitous character of the offense” and “the reasonable balance of sacrifices”. Also with relation to the interference of politically or religiously correct extra-systematic parameters , limitors of facto of the freedom of artistic expression. (shrink)

This is an explanation of the New Nyäya system of Indian logic. The first two chapters are an introduction to the main topics of Navya-nyäya logic, relations, absence, definition, inference, quantifiers and limitors, accident, and the theory of pervasion. Following are the text, transliteration, translation, and commentary of Anumitinirüpana and Vyäptiväda by Gangeäopädhyäya. Its audience is strictly limited to those who are profoundly interested in and acquainted with logical theory. The style is lucid and will provide interesting insights for (...) the professional: however, knowledge of Sanskrit is not required. For those who are familiar with the symbols of mathematical logic, symbolic interpretations are given from time to time.--P. J. H. (shrink)

This study, under the title of an explanation of the New Nyäya views on negation, deals with the Navya-nyäya as a whole. The peculiarity of their theory of negation is that one can see the absence of an object in a given place. It includes the Sanskrit texts and translations of the Abhäva-väda of Gangesa and the Nañ-väda of Raghunätha. Though written for both Sanskritists and philosophers, the frequent use of Sanskrit terms almost requires that the reader be a Sanskritist--though (...) by keeping in mind the translations, previously given, it could be valuable. This is not an exposition of logic for beginners, but an exposition for scholars of a particular system. Renditions into modern logic are given throughout. Chapter headings include: On Cognition; The Content of Cognition and the Meaning Problem; On Relation; The Counterpositive of an Absence; The Ontological Status of Content-ness; The Relational Adjuncts; The Limitors and Quantificational Logic; Circularity; On Negation.--P. J. H. (shrink)

It is often remarked that Indian logic (IL) has no conception of necessity. But what kind of necessity is absent in this system? Logical necessity is presumably absent: the structure of the logical argument in IL is often given as a reason for this claim. However even a cursory understanding of IL illustrates an abiding attempt to formulate the idea of necessity. In Dharmakīrti's classification of inferences, one can detect the formal process of entailment in the inferences arising from class (...) inclusion. In Western philosophy, Leibniz's invocation of 'contingent necessity' as distinguished from the 'necessary necessity' is part of a tradition that finds value in the idea of contingent necessity. In contemporary philosophy, this has been championed by Armstrong, specifically in the context of understanding the necessity inherent in scientific laws. In IL, the analysis of 'invariable concomitance' (vyāpti) is of crucial importance and its definitions are very complex. This paper argues how vyāpti can be understood in terms of contingent necessity and also how the complex definitions can be interpreted as an attempt to define contingent necessity in terms of 'logical' necessity. (shrink)