According to the perspective developed in this article, widely shared, hegemonic cultural beliefs about gender and their impact in what the authors call “social relational” contexts are among the core components that maintain and change the gender system. When gender is salient in these ubiquitous contexts, cultural beliefs about gender function as part of the rules of the game, biasing the behaviors, performances, and evaluations of otherwise similar men and women in systematic ways that the authors specify. While the biasing (...) impact of gender beliefs may be small in any one instance, the consequences cumulate over individuals’ lives and result in substantially different outcomes for men and women. After describing this perspective, the authors show how it sheds newlight on some defining features of the gender system and illustrate its implications for research into specific questions about gender inequality. (shrink)

This research proposes and tests a new theoretical mechanism to account for a portion of the motherhood penalty in wages and related labor market outcomes. At least a portion of this penalty is attributable to discrimination based on the assumption that mothers are less competent and committed than other types of workers. But what happens when mothers definitively prove their competence and commitment? In this study, we examine whether mothers face discrimination in labor-market-type evaluations even when they provide indisputable evidence (...) that they are competent and committed to paid work. We test the hypothesis that evaluators discriminate against highly successful mothers by viewing them as less warm, less likable, and more interpersonally hostile than otherwise similar workers who are not mothers. The results support this “normative discrimination” hypothesis for female but not male evaluators. The findings have important implications for understanding the nature and persistence of discrimination toward mothers. (shrink)

Just what you need to get up and running with Sony's new flagship dSLRs The Sony a77, with its 24.3 megapixel sensor, full HD video capability, and translucent mirror system, is poised to be Sony's flagship dSLR camera. With many of the same features but at a lower price point, the a65 is the economy version. This guide will cover all the important steps for getting the most from either model. It shows how to set up the camera to get (...) great shots immediately, explains all the controls and shooting modes, shows how to review images and make basic edits, and offers valuable advice on taking super photos using manual settings. Sony's new a65 and a77 dSLRs feature a huge megapixel sensor, HD video, generous ISO range, and the translucent mirror system unique to Sony This easy-to-follow guide helps you make the most of your investment with complete coverage of all the basic and advanced settings and shooting modes Covers shooting in auto mode, shooting HD video, and taking manual control over exposure, focus, and lighting Explains how to play back images and perform basic edits as well as how to manipulate flash, focus, and color to create top-quality photos With Sony a65/a77 For Dummies, bestselling photography author Robert Correll gives new Sony dSLR users confidence and helps them get everything they paid for in these exciting new Sony camera models. (shrink)

The accumulation and advancement of gender scholarship over past decades has led us to the point where gender scholars today can leverage our deep understanding of the reproduction of gender inequality to develop and test models of change. In this lecture, I present one such model designed to reduce the negative effects of stereotypic biases on women’s workplace outcomes. After synthesizing the literature on stereotyping and bias and showing the limits of past change efforts, I develop a “small wins” model (...) of change. Key to this model is that researchers work with teams of managers to produce concrete, implementable actions that produce visible results. I argue that small wins motivate further action and are the building blocks to larger organizational transformation. Preliminary results from several case studies show that this approach can produce important changes in the short run, such as reducing gender biases in workplace evaluations, and that these small wins can inspire longer run change, such as increases in the rate of hiring women. (shrink)

The ideal reference to Canon's EOS 5D Mark III for professionals and serious hobbyists The Canon EOS 5D Mark III offers professional photographers and advanced amateurs a wide range of top-flight dSLR capabilities. Canon users love For Dummies guides, with more than 100,000 copies of previous Canon camera guides sold. Like its predecessors, this one is packed with colorful examples that illustrate camera features and inspire you to capture your own super images. It explains the camera controls and menus, shows (...) you how to take full advantage of all the features, discusses output options and image editing, and much more. Geared to the needs of professional dSLR photographers and serious hobbyists, this guide covers all the features of the Canon EOS 5D Mark III Explores the camera body, menu screen, auto settings, and image settings Shows how to use the video modes, priority settings, manual settings, and focus modes to capture the best images Provides suggestions and inspiration with more than 300 full-color photos Covers image editing and output options Features tips, techniques, and projects to help you get the most from your camera's capabilities Canon EOS 5D Mark III For Dummies is the perfect partner for your new dSLR. (shrink)

Die Arbeit versucht, verschiedene politische Dimensionen des Anerkennungsbegriffs herauszuarbeiten. Aus der kritischen Analyse einschlägiger Anerkennungstheorien und in Abgrenzung zu anderen normativen Leitbegriffen wie Toleranz und Respekt wird eine vorläufige Definition entwickelt, die als Ausgangspunkt für die weitere Ausdifferenzierung dient. Hierfür wird nach den Adressaten, Quellen und Mitteln der Anerkennung gefragt, um eine Matrix politischer Anerkennungsdimensionen zu erstellen, die mögliche Gerechtigkeitsdefizite in demokratischen Gesellschaften in den Fokus rücken kann. Anhand von illustrierenden Beispielen aus der politischen Praxis der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wird argumentiert, (...) dass der Anerkennungsbegriff einerseits eine angemessene sprachliche Einordnung für Gerechtigkeitsfragen darstellt und andererseits eine multidimensionale Perspektive ermöglicht, aus der Kompensationsmöglichkeiten für entstehende Anerkennungslücken erkennbar werden. Die Arbeit leistet damit einen Beitrag zur gerechtigkeitstheoretischen Analyse bestehender demokratischer Ordnungen. (shrink)

This book will become your best friend! If you've just bought a dSLR, you can learn the basics in the first few minibooks.

Do you want dynamic photos that bring a scene to life? With this book, your camera, and a little practice, you'll be able to create amazing HDR images.

© 2013 American Heart Association, Inc.Rationale: The Na + /K + ATPase directly regulates intracellular Na + levels, which in turn indirectly regulates Ca2 + levels by proximally controlling flux through the Na + /Ca2 + exchanger. Elevated Na + levels have been reported during heart failure, which permits some degree of reverse-mode Ca2 + entry through NCX1, as well as less efficient Ca2 + clearance. Objective: To determine whether maintaining lower intracellular Na + levels by NKA overexpression in the (...) heart would enhance forward-mode Ca2 + clearance and prevent reverse-mode Ca2 + entry through NCX1 to protect the heart. Methods and Results: Cardiac-specific transgenic mice overexpressing either NKA-α1 or NKA-α2 were generated and subjected to pressure overload hypertrophic stimulation. We found that although increased expression of NKA-α1 had no protective effect, overexpression of NKA-α2 significantly decreased cardiac hypertrophy after pressure overload in mice at 2, 10, and 16 weeks of stimulation. Remarkably, total NKA protein expression and activity were not altered in either of these 2 transgenic models because increased expression of one isoform led to a concomitant decrease in the other endogenous isoform. NKA-α2 overexpression but not NKA-α1 led to significantly faster removal of bulk Ca2 + from the cytosol in a manner requiring NCX1 activity. Mechanistically, overexpressed NKA-α2 showed greater affinity for Na + compared with NKA-α1, leading to more efficient clearance of this ion. Furthermore, overexpression of NKA-α2 but not NKA-α1 was coupled to a decrease in phospholemman expression and phosphorylation, which would favor greater NKA activity, NCX1 activity, and Ca2 + removal. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the protective effect produced by increased expression of NKA-α2 on the heart after pressure overload is due to more efficient Ca2 + clearance because this isoform of NKA preferentially enhances NCX1 activity compared with NKA-α1. (shrink)

This paper serves three specific goals. First, it reports the development of an Indian Asian face set, to serve as a free resource for psychological research. Second, it examines whether the use of pre-tested U.S.-specific norms for stimulus selection or weighting may introduce experimental confounds in studies involving non-U.S. face stimuli and/or non-U.S. participants. Specifically, it examines whether subjective impressions of the face stimuli are culturally dependent, and the extent to which these impressions reflect social stereotypes and ingroup favoritism. Third, (...) the paper investigates whether differences in face familiarity impact accuracy in identifying face ethnicity. To this end, face images drawn from volunteers in India as well as a subset of Caucasian face images from the Chicago Face Database were presented to Indian and U.S. participants, and rated on a range of measures, such as perceived attractiveness, warmth, and social status. Results show significant differences in the overall valence of ratings of ingroup and outgroup faces. In addition, the impression ratings show minor differentiation along two basic stereotype dimensions, competence and trustworthiness, but not warmth. We also find participants to show significantly greater accuracy in correctly identifying the ethnicity of ingroup faces, relative to outgroup faces. This effect is found to be mediated by ingroup-outgroup differences in perceived group typicality of the target faces. Implications for research on intergroup relations in a cross-cultural context are discussed. (shrink)

Learn the intricacies of High Dynamic Range photography from experts and get feedback on your work High Dynamic Range photography offers a new range of creative possibilities to the photographer who is skilled in the technique. HDR requires specific camera skills as well as the use of specialized software, and the photographers who wrote this book are experts in both. They explain the process of shooting the same subject at different exposures, combining those shots into a single HDR image, fine-tuning (...) brightness and contrast, minimizing noise, layering images, and more, including creative techniques with Photoshop and Lightroom. You can submit your HDR images for feedback at photoworkshop.com. High Dynamic Range photography offers creative possibilities through specific camera and software techniques that produce highly detailed and imaginative images Two professional photographers team up to provide expert instruction in HDR camera and software techniques for those new to HDR Covers the latest software and concepts, a comprehensive exploration of HDR basics, various techniques for shooting and merging images, and creative tricks with Photoshop and Lightroom Lavishly illustrated with new examples and full of suggestions for developing a personal HDR style Students can upload their own images for feedback at photoworkshop.com Any photographer who is new to HDR will find this guide loaded with helpful instructions and encouraging advice. (shrink)

This paper constructs two classes of models for the quantum correlation experiments used to test the Bell-type inequalities, synchronization models and prism models. Both classes employ deterministic hidden variables, satisfy the causal requirements of physical locality, and yield precisely the quantum mechanical statistics. In the synchronization models, the joint probabilities, for each emission, do not factor in the manner of stochastic independence, showing that such factorizability is not required for locality. In the prism models the observables are not random (...) variables over a common space; hence these models throw into question the entire random variables idiom of the literature. Both classes of models appear to be testable. (shrink)

Research on creativity has clarified what makes an outcome count as creative, yet it has not adequately explained how candidate ideas are generated in the first place. This paper addresses the internal structure of that generative stage. As a theoretical foundation, the Hopfield network (Hopfield 1982) and the spin-glass analysis by Amit, Gutfreund, and Sompolinsky (AGS; Amit et al. 1985; 1987) are introduced as a qualified structural analogy. Three properties are borrowed, and only three: that memories are implemented as local (...) stable points in an energy landscape; that the interaction of multiple stored memories can give rise to unlearned yet stable states (spurious attractors) as a structural consequence; and that these unlearned stable states are not pure noise but carry non-random biases dependent on the learned structure. Within this framework, creative candidates are understood as the result of convergence to attractors that are unlearned yet structurally shaped. Hallucination is repositioned as an outcome that arises from the same generative process when subsequent evaluation, verification, and the restoration of adequate contact with reality prove insufficient. What the generative stage requires is not finished meaning or truth but the narrowing of a near-infinite possibility space through correlation with the real world. The determination of value is deferred to the evaluative stage. The claim advanced here is therefore a structural one about candidate generation, not an identity claim about human cognition, nor a complete theory of truth, value, or creativity as such. (shrink)

Peter Vanderschraaf’s Strategic Justice provides a defense of the egalitarian bargaining solution. Vanderschraaf’s discussion of the egalitarian solution invokes three arguments typically given to support the Nash bargaining solution. Overall, we reinforce Vanderschraaf’s criticism of arguments in favor of the Nash solution and point to potential weaknesses in Vanderschraaf’s positive case for the egalitarian solution.

Do metonymies play any role in the emergence of metaphors? There is a debate between scholars who suggest that many metaphors are based on, or derive from, metonymies, versus those who do not see such connection between the two. “Resemblance metaphors” do not seem to have anything to do with metonymy. However, in the case of “correlation metaphors” (see, e.g., CitationGrady, 1997a, Citation1997b, Citation1999; CitationLakoff & Johnson, 1980, Citation1999), several researchers argue that metaphors arise from, and are not independent (...) of, metonymies. My specific proposal in the article is that correlation-based metaphors emerge from frame-like mental representations through a metonymic stage. I suggest this happens when one of the elements of a frame-like mental structure is generalized (schematized) to a concept that lies outside the initial frame in a different part of the conceptual system. The generalization process leads to sufficient conceptual distance between the initial and the new frame on which metaphors can be based. (shrink)

For scatterplots with gaussian distributions of dots, the perception of Pearson correlation r can be described by two simple laws: a linear one for discrimination, and a logarithmic one for perceived magnitude (Rensink & Baldridge, 2010). The underlying perceptual mechanisms, however, remain poorly understood. To cast light on these, four different distributions of datapoints were examined. The first had 100 points with equal variance in both dimensions. Consistent with earlier results, just noticeable difference (JND) was a linear function of (...) the distance away from r = 1, and the magnitude of perceived correlation a logarithmic function of this quantity. In addition, these laws were linked, with the intercept of the JND line being the inverse of the bias in perceived magnitude. Three other conditions were also examined: a dot cloud with 25 points, a horizontal compression of the cloud, and a cloud with a uniform distribution of dots. Performance was found to be similar in all conditions. The generality and form of these laws suggest that what underlies correlation perception is not a geometric structure such as the shape of the dot cloud, but the shape of the probability distribution of the dots, likely inferred via a form of ensemble coding. It is suggested that this reflects the ability of observers to perceive the information entropy in an image, with this quantity used as a proxy for Pearson correlation. (shrink)

We propose a conceptual reinterpretation of quantum entanglement grounded in a non-metric field of ontological actualization. Rather than treating entanglement as a static, nonlocal feature of global quantum states, we argue that it can be understood as a regime of structural coherence induced by local cross-activation within a generative field. This approach dissolves several conceptual difficulties surrounding nonlocality, measurement, and the ontological status of the wavefunction. We assess how this perspective aligns with a dynamic, generative variant of ontic structural realism (...) and explore its potential to reframe foundational paradoxes in quantum theory without invoking Hilbert space formalism. (shrink)

Volume 32, Issue 1, March 2025, Page 33-46.

While acoustic analysis methods have become a commodity in voice emotion research, experiments that attempt not only to describe but to computationally manipulate expressive cues in emotional voice...

We present a rigorous way to evaluate the visual perception of correlation in scatterplots, based on classical psychophysical methods originally developed for simple properties such as brightness. Although scatterplots are graphically complex, the quantity they convey is relatively simple. As such, it may be possible to assess the perception of correlation in a similar way. Scatterplots were each of 5.0 extent, containing 100 points with a bivariate normal distribution. Means were 0.5 of the range of the points, and (...) standard deviations 0.2 of this range. Precision was determined via an adaptive algorithm to find the just noticeable differences (jnds) in correlation, i.e., the difference between two side-by-side scatterplots that could be discriminated 75% of the time. Accuracy was measured by direct estimation, using reference scatterplots with fixed upper and lower values, with a test scatterplot adjusted so that its correlation appeared to be halfway between these. This process was recursively applied to yield several further estimates. Results of the discrimination tests show jnd(r) = k (1/b – r), where r is the Pearson correlation, and parameters 0 < k, b < 1. Integration yields a subjective estimate of correlation g(r) = ln(1 – br) / ln(1– b). The values of b found via discrimination closely match those found via direct estimation. As such, it appears that the perception of correlation in a scatterplot is completely described by two related performance curves, specified by two easily-measured parameters. (shrink)

Reductionists say things like: all mental properties are physical properties; all normative properties are natural properties. I argue that the only way to resist reductionism is to deny that causation is difference making (thus making the epistemology of causation a mystery) or to deny that properties are individuated by their causal powers (thus making properties a mystery). That is to say, unless one is happy to deny supervenience, or to trivialize the debate over reductionism. To show this, I argue that (...) if properties are individuated by their causal powers then, surprisingly, properties are individuated by necessary co-exemplification. (shrink)

Differential tractography and correlation tractography are new tractography modalities to study neuronal changes in brain diseases, but their performances in detecting neuronal injuries are yet to be investigated in patients with mild traumatic brain injury. Here we investigated the white matter injury in mTBI patients using differential and correlation tractography. The diffusion MRI was acquired at 33 mTBI patients and 31 health controls. 7 of the mTBI patients had one-year follow-up scans, and differential tractography was used to evaluate (...) injured fiber bundles on these 7 patients. All subjects were evaluated using digital symbol substitution test and trail making test A, and the correlation tractography was performed to explore the exact pathways related to the cognitive performance. Our results showed that differential tractography revealed neuronal changes in the corpus callosum in all 7 follow-up mTBI patients with FDR between 0.007 and 0.17. Further, the correlation tractography showed that the splenium of the corpus callosum, combined with the right superior longitudinal fasciculus and right cingulum, were correlated with DSST in the acute mTBI patients. The cognitive impairment findings in the acute stage and the longitudinal findings in the corpus callosum in the chronic stage of mTBI patients suggest that differential tractography and correlation tractography are valuable tools in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of neuronal injuries in mTBI patients. (shrink)

ABSTRACT The current article deals with the correlation between virtual and physical reality as they concern the body. The thesis of this article is that the lived body transposed into virtual reality becomes a body without organs in Deleuze’s terms, i.e. the lived body, a sensitive field of sensorial events immersed in a lived space, becomes a virtual body made up of intensities, of pure forces or magnitudes within a vector space, thereby losing its affective qualities. Furthermore, lived and (...) virtual bodies build up a correlation bridged not by intentionality, as phenomenology would maintain, but by sensation. Virtuality is thus characterised by both the loss of corporeality and the simulation of the lifeworld. But how can the split between the real and the virtual body be bridged? On the one hand, in Deleuze’s conception of sensation, real and virtual collapse into one another so that the real world ‘resonates’ with its virtual double. On the other hand, Merleau-Ponty’s concept of form relates both realities in terms of a correlation of signification between the physical and the existential realms. With recourse to the notion of structure or form, I will argue that the phenomenal and the virtual do not represent different modes of being, but are bound by a correlation ruled by sensation as a system of intensive forces. (shrink)

We investigate the cross-correlations of return-volume relationship of the Bitcoin market. In particular, we select eight exchange rates whose trading volume accounts for more than 98% market shares to synthesize Bitcoin indexes. The empirical results based on multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis reveal that the nonlinear dependencies and power-law cross-correlations in return-volume relationship are found; all cross-correlations are multifractal, and there are antipersistent behaviors of cross-correlation for q=2; the price of small fluctuations is more persistent than that of the (...) volume, while the volume of larger fluctuations is more antipersistent; and the rolling window method shows that the cross-correlations of return-volume are antipersistent in the entire sample period. (shrink)

이 논문은 인류의 진화사에서 과거 조상들이 미적 감각과 미적 감성을 획득하게 된 데에 성선택sexual selection과의 관련이 작용했을 가능성을 살펴보려는 목적을 갖는다. 이를 위해 찰스 다윈과 데이비드 버스 및 제프리 밀러를 참조하는데, 다윈은 성선택 이론을 정초하였고 데이비드 버스와 제프리 밀러는 다윈 이후 성선택 이론을 정교하게 다듬은 동시대의 진화심리학자들이다. 다윈은 『종의 기원』을 통해 제출했던 자연선택 이론으로 잘 설명되지 않는 문제들, 곧 번식의 문제와 성의 진화 문제를 성선택 이론으로 다루었다. 어떤 수컷이 다른 수컷에게는 없는 어떤 감각기관과 같은 구조를 획득하고 있는 것은 생존경쟁에 적합하기 (...) 때문이 아니라 번식과 생식에서 다른 수컷보다 유리한 이점이 그들의 수컷 새끼들에게 전달되었기 때문이며, 이러한 경우가 자연선택이 아닌 성선택이 작용한 결과라는 것이 다윈의 설명이다. 데이비드 버스는 남녀 간의 짝짓기 전략을 중심으로 성의 진화와 관련한 인간의 심리 메커니즘을 실증적으로 밝혀내고 있는데, 건강과 헌신성에 대한 선호와 함께 신체의 적정한 비율과 대칭적 얼굴에 대한 선호 성향들이 성선택에서 배우자에 대한 미적 선호의 기준이 되었음을 보여준다. 데이비드 버스는 인간의 미적 감각이 후천적으로 습득되기 전에 선천적으로 타고나는 형질이라는 점에도 주목하고 있다. 제프리 밀러는 자연선택과 관련한 생존주의 가설로는 인간 문화의 유희적인 측면들과 장식적인 요소들, 그리고 음악, 미슬, 스포츠, 드라마, 코미디, 정치적 이상 등에 대해서 납득할 만한 설명을 내놓지 못한다는 점을 말하면서, 인간의 마음에서 가장 독특한 측면의 대부분이 우리 조상들의 짝 고르기를 통해 진화해왔음을 강조한다. 미적 감성과 같은 인간 마음은 성선택을 통한 번식이익 추구의 기능을 면밀히 들여다보아야만 마음의 진화를 제대로 파악할 수 있다는 입장이다. 논문의 검토를 통하여 성선택 이론을 중심으로 한 이들의 논의가 인간이 갖는 풍부한 미적 감성과 미적 소양에 대한 충분한 설명이 되지는 않는다 하더라도, 인류가 지닌 특유의 미적 감각이 형성되고 획득된 계기와 배경에 대한 설명으로는 유효한 것임을 확인하였다. (shrink)

The purpose of our study was to measure the relationship between performance on various attentional tasks and hypnotic susceptibility. Healthy volunteers participated in a study, where they had to perform several tasks measuring various attention components in a waking state: sustained attention, selective or focused attention, divided attention and executive attention in task switching. Hypnotic susceptibility was measured in a separate setting by the Waterloo-Stanford Groups Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form C .We found no significant correlation between any of (...) the attentional measures and hypnotic susceptibility. Highly hypnotizables did not prove to be superior to or worse than the other individuals in any of the tests.These results do not support the neuropsychophysiological model of hypnosis, as they show no consistent relationship between hypnotic susceptibility and waking attentional performance. (shrink)

본 논문은 전통적인 타방정토설과 대비할 수 있는 세친의 유심정토관을 살펴보는 데에 초점이 맞춰져 있다. 유심정토관은 정토를 타처에서 찾기 보다는 일심 안에서 찾고자 한 것으로서 정토와 유식의 만남이라는 새로운 해석을 가능케 한다. 그 첫 번째 시도로서 세친의 불국정토의 성립근거와 건립 원리를 살펴보면, 타방정토설을 보이는 『무량수경』이 법장보살의 願行이라고 하는 因의 청정에 중심을 두고 있는 반면, 세친은 극락정토라는 果의 청정에 비중을 두고 있는 점에서 그 스스로 유식불교적 소견을 보인 것이다. 세친이 자신의 『정토론』에서 29종의 정토 장엄을 내세우고 있는 것이 그 증거이다. 이러한 정토가 미망으로 (...) 오염된 중생을 구제하고자 건립된 것이라 할 때, 세친의 정토 장엄의 성취는 보살도의 완성을 의미한다. 따라서 29종의 장엄은 그 보살도의 완성, 10地의 완성인 대승의 깨달음 즉 네 가지 지혜의 구체적인 나타남으로서 이해할 수 있다. 이를 근거로 해서 유식불교의 전의에 의해 얻어진 네 가지 지혜(四智)와 『정토론』의 29종의 정토 장엄간의 관련성을 살펴 볼 수 있다. 이상의 검토 결과 세친의 정토장엄은 보살도의 완성, 깨달음의 성취라는 유심정토의 내용을 분명히 드러내 보이고 있는 것으로 볼 수 있다. (shrink)

본고는 전통시대의 ‘상관적 사유’를 토대로 하여, 『악학궤범(樂學軌範)』 당악정재(唐樂呈才) 춤절차의 규칙성과 『악학궤범』 권1에 제시되어 있는 사상체계의 상관성을 연구한 것이다. 그 결과 첫째, 교차회무(交叉回舞)는 동쪽에 위치하여 양(陽)을 상징하는 좌대(左隊)와 서쪽에 위치하여 음(陰)을 상징하는 우대(右隊)가 서로 교차하여 음양의 합을 이루고 있는 형상이며, 해와 달, 그리고 북두칠성의 운행과 상관성이 있는 것으로 보았다. 이는 양인 하늘과 음인 땅이 음양의 합을 이루듯이, 이러한 자연의 이치를 본받아 무원들의 교차회무를 통해 음양의 조화를 형상화 한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 무원 전체가 크게 원을 그리며 도는 회선(回旋)은 모두 좌선(左旋)하는데, (...) 좌선의 의미는 팔풍(八風)과 관계가 있다. 즉 춤절차에서 좌선은 시계방향으로 바람[風]의 진행 방향에 따라 도는 것과 관계가 있다. 셋째, 춤절차 ‘3’회 반복과 사상적 체계의 상관성이다. 전통시대에는 하늘과 땅, 사람을 하나의 우주적 관점에서 해석했으며, ‘3’은 바로 천지인의 상징이었고, 예악의 완성을 뜻하는 것이었으며, 천지자연의 완성과 변화를 상징하는 것이었다. 춤의 절차에서 나타난 규칙성은, 음양의 합ㆍ천간(天干)과 지지(地支) 기운의 조화ㆍ팔풍의 방향성ㆍ‘3’으로 표현된 천지인의 합일 등을 총체적으로 표현한 것으로서, 천지인의 기운이 하나로 응집되어 자연순응, 천지기운순행(天地氣運順行) 등을 구현하고자 했던 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 결국 춤절차의 규칙성은 ‘천지의 화(和)’를 형상화 했던 것으로 귀결된다. 본고의 연구결과는 과거 악무(樂舞) 제작의 원리를 설명할 수 있는 토대가 될 뿐만 아니라, 『악학궤범』 당악정재에 내재되어 있는 사상적 체계의 실현 양상을 객관적으로 확보할 수 있다는 데에 그 가치가 있다. (shrink)

The ground-state correlation energy of an electron–negative ion system in a spherical quantum dot (QD) with parabolic confinement in an external homogeneous magnetic field is investigated. Both cases of finite and infinite potential barrier on the QD surface are considered. The theoretical analysis is carried out using a variational approach. The ground state energy of a two-electron system in a QD with harmonic-oscillator potential in a magnetic field is also determined as a function of the strength of the magnetic (...) field and parabolic confinement. The influence of the finite potential barrier on the correlation energy of the two-electron system is also discussed. A first investigation of electron–electron correlation in a two-dimensional (2D) system with the screened Coulomb potential proposed by Overhauser but in the presence of a perpendicular magnetic field is shown to be another important application of the proposed variational wave functions. (shrink)