Relational agency is pivotal for understanding how language teachers seek and utilize relational resources in different contexts and grow to be agents of change amid various educational challenges. This study explored how three university teachers of Chinese as a second language enacted their relational agency to enhance their research capacity and sustain their professional development. Data on their personal network development was collected through concentric circle interviews, life-history interviews and written reflections over three months. Thematic analysis was adopted for iterative (...) coding and interpretation of the data. The findings revealed that teachers’ personal networks provided them with value guidance, emotional support and academic support, which exerted differential levels of impact on them to make agentic choices and actions. The study suggests that personal network analysis may serve as a suitable theoretical lens to achieve a multi-layered understanding of relational agency. The study also calls for more efforts to create learning opportunities and spaces in the relational context for teachers to build their career as agentic academics in language teacher education and development programs. (shrink)

Abstract This paper has two goals: to show why Clare Hemmings’ work, Why Stories Matter: The Political Grammar of Feminist Theory (2011), which focuses on the types and consequences of feminist “stories,” should be applied to Simone de Beauvoir; and to argue that Beauvoir’s place in the history of feminist thinking should be revisited. I propose to use some of the critical tools gleaned from Hemmings’ text to think through the place of Simone de Beauvoir in feminist theoretical storytelling. Résumé (...) Cet article a un objectif double : démontrer pourquoi le travail de Clare Hemmings, Why Stories Matter: The Political Grammar of Feminist Theory (2011), qui met l’accent sur les types et les conséquences des « récits » féministes, doit s’appliquer à Simone de Beauvoir, et faire valoir que la place de Beauvoir dans l’histoire de la pensée féministe doit être réexaminée. Je propose d’uti- liser certains des outils critiques du texte de Hemmings pour réfléchir à la place de Simone de Beauvoir dans la narration théorique féministe. (shrink)

ObjectivesTo identify, summarise and analyse documents with guides and advice for scholarly citing in health research.MethodsIn a scoping review, we included documents with guides and advice for scholarly citing in health research. We searched in Embase (Ovid), Google Scholar, 20 textbooks, 30 journal websites, and conducted supplementary searches. We categorised original documents as guides if their primary focus was on scholarly citing and if they contained a list of advice. We summarised the guides and pieces of advice, (...) analysed the pieces of advice, and listed illustrative quotes.ResultsWe screened 9.746 documents for eligibility and included 118. The documents were published in 1934–2025, and the guides and advice were primarily identified in journal articles (63 out of 118 documents, 53%) and on websites (42 out of 118 documents, 36%). We identified 12 guides and 75 unique pieces of advice (e.g., “read the papers you cite”). The 12 guides were developed with a simple pragmatic approach, i.e., no systematic literature review of previous studies, and only one guide included a survey as a supporting study. The various pieces of advice were related to seven categories that researchers could reflect on while citing: 1) quality, 2) context, 3) when to cite, 4) integrity, 5) originality, 6) transparency, and 7) availability.ConclusionWe identified 12 guides and 75 unique pieces of advice for scholarly citing in health research. Our review may serve as a resource for authors of health research publications and as part of the development process for a comprehensive guideline for adequate citation practice in health research. (shrink)

In common law jurisdictions, legal professionals cite facts and legal principles from precedent cases to support their arguments before the court for their intended outcome in a current case. This practice stems from the doctrine of stare decisis, where cases that have similar facts should receive similar decisions with respect to the principles. It is essential for legal professionals to identify such facts and principles in precedent cases, though this is a highly time intensive task. In this paper, we present (...) studies that demonstrate that human annotators can achieve reasonable agreement on which sentences in legal judgements contain cited facts and principles. We further demonstrate that it is feasible to automatically annotate sentences containing such legal facts and principles in a supervised machine learning framework based on linguistic features, reporting per category precision and recall figures of between 0.79 and 0.89 for classifying sentences in legal judgements as cited facts, principles or neither using a Bayesian classifier, with an overall κ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\kappa$$\end{document} of 0.72 with the human-annotated gold standard. (shrink)

For academic research outcomes, there is an increasing emphasis on the bibliometric scorings like the journal impact factor and citations when the assessment of the scientific merits of research or researchers is required. Currently, no known study has been conducted to explore the bibliographical trends of the subject category of multidisciplinary sciences as indexed by the annual Journal Citation Reports of the Thomson Scientific. The effect of journal self-citations and intra-citing within a discipline to the bibliometric data computation can (...) be confounding. In this study, six journals were selected from the multidisciplinary sciences subject category where the trend of self-citations and intra-citing were analysed. These journals were chosen as they published more than 450 citable articles in the year 2007 and had available bibliometric data for a 10-year period. The results showed that self-citations rose as much as +23.98% while intra-citing declined up to −5.80% over the observed period. The retrospective impacts and influences of these observations were also discussed in this study. (shrink)

As has often been remarked, writing was vital in Cicero’s ambitious project of self-fashioning and the canonization of his oratory. Through writing, Cicero was able to overcome the problems associated with his novitas and to transform his oratory into a paradigm by constructing texts as replacements of his embodied presence. This paper complicates constructionist approaches towards Cicero’s self-fashioning by reflecting on Cicero’s self-citing from his poetic texts in his theological trilogy. What makes citational practices compelling is how they affect (...) the citing agent’s subjectivity through dynamic processes of assimilation and distancing triggered by the replication. Methodologically, the complexity of these processes unsettles the possibility of approaching the citational episode as the expression of a single, self-contained individual. Matters get even more complicated when agents like Cicero cite themselves through other figures and include a variety of remarks and observations along with their citation (see Balbus in the De natura deorum and Quintus in the De divinatione). My analysis reveals that each bit of text cut out from one work and inlaid into another contains manifold links to the original context, to other textual bits, to Cicero’s past and present, to other agents, and to the new text, simultaneously. What this means from a subjective point of view is that our textual Cicero does not emerge as a unitary identity but as a key node of transactions constituted by multiple realities and subjectivities. This multiplicity frustrates any attempt to recompose Cicero and his existence into a neat puzzle; however, self-citing creates a space where the subjectivities constituted by their relationship with the citation come to be condensed into textual substances. Ultimately, Cicero’s texts are less a straightforward replacement of his embodied presence than an emotionally dense “remnant” of his attempts to salvage a world going under. (shrink)

Recently, neurodiversity scholars published a letter to the editor of _Autism_ arguing that Judy Singer should not be cited as coiner of _neurodiversity_; rather, the term should be attributed to earlier neurodiverse forums online. I make a similar argument for _neuroqueer_. Neuroqueer is typically attributed to one of the letter's authors: Nick Walker (2015). Archival information, however, demonstrates that the term was developed in neuroqueer community conversations on the _NeuroQueer_ blog (2013-2016) and, even earlier, on the alt.support. autism Usenet forum (...) (2003). Walker's claim to coinage, then, obscures the collective origins of the concept and erases neuroqueer people from their own story. In retracing these historiographical steps, I pursue two theoretical questions. First, what can this broader history illuminate about the concept, theory, and practice of neuroqueer? Second, what might an explicitly neuroqueer citation politics look like? If not a single-origin story, then what? (shrink)

The present article is meant to illustrate a method of analyzing an ambiguous citation with the help not only of its context, but also of literary parallels presumably known to the cited author. In an earlier article in this journal (Along a Mountain Path with Empedocles (31 B 24 D.-K), «Elenchos», XXXIII (2012) pp. 5- 20), we concluded that Empedocles’ fr. 24 rules out the method, employed by other poets, of “attaching speech-summits to speech-summits” (κορυφὰς ἑτέρας ἑτέρηισι προσάπτων μύθων) - (...) fitting climactic points one to another - and instead favors the method of following a single path of discourse to the argument’s end (τελέειν ἀτραπὸν μίαν). In a subsequent issue of «Elenchos», XXXIII (2012) pp. 301-34) Denis O’Brien disputed our conclusions, suggesting instead that Empedocles was merely advising himself to make his way through the “speechsummits” without losing sight of the “single path” and its conclusion. The κορυφαί, then, would be not climaxes of disconnected discourses, but only topics - chapter heads - of a single discourse. The present article argues that this view not only underrates the ironic force of the plural koruphai applied to muthon; it also disregards the real function of prosapton, which elsewhere signifies a joining through physical contact rather than the figurative “passing by” that O’Brien suggests. Fr. 24 is not, as O’Brien supposes, Empedocles’ advice to himself; it is a critique aimed at rival poets who heap arguments one upon another in an absurd and ridiculous fashion, as if heaping Pelion upon Ossa. Cleombrotus’ citation of Empedocles, then, was an allusion not to the main points of his own discourse, but to the danger of being side-tracked into entirely new topics, a danger that Philip’s digression had just posed. Finally, we may have confirmation of this negative view of the “summits” in Aristophanes’ allusion to Empedocles’ “single path” at Clouds 76. (shrink)

This thesis examines how the authorizing norms of Euro-Western historiography—organized by white supremacy—produce and maintain silences, excluding entire communities from historical narrative. Trouillot identifies silences as structural to historical narrative, operating at every moment of historical production. Yet the exit from silence appears guarded by the same norms that created it. Derrida's iterability shows that no context can be saturated and no meaning foreclosed. The archive is inherently open to future interpretation. Butler's topology of power reveals that these norms produce (...) a constitutive outside, a zone of what cannot be said as history, that is structurally necessary for the inside to cohere but always threatens to destabilize it. Working within the authorizing norms reinscribes them. Transgression is necessary. Hartman's critical fabulation demonstrates a practice that neither fills the silence with fiction nor accepts the archive's violence as final. Working through the archival figure of Venus—a young African girl who appears in the historical record only through the trial of the slave-ship captain implicated in her death—Hartman cites the silence, lifting it from the context the archive imposed, where it served the ends of white supremacy, and placing it in a new context that exposes the violence. This thesis develops the hauntological irrealis to name the register this practice requires: a mode that neither asserts what cannot be asserted nor concedes the loss to the authorizing norms. The hauntological irrealis offers a mode of textual accountability to the silenced rather than to the evidentiary norms that produced their silences. Hartman's work serves as an existence proof for transgressive historiography. (shrink)

This study explores the research paradigms of contemporary business ethics research in 2001–2008. With citation data from the top two business ethics journals included in the Social Sciences Citation Index, this study conducts citation and co-citation analysis to identify the most important publications, scholars, and research themes in the business ethics area and then maps the intellectual structure of business ethics studies between 2001 and 2008. The results show that current business ethics studies cluster around four major research themes, including (...) morality and social contract theory, ethical decision making, corporate social responsibility, and stakeholder theory. This study helps profile the invisible network of knowledge production in business ethics and provides important insights on current research paradigms of business ethics studies. (shrink)

In a famous study of expert problem solving, de Groot (1946/1978) examined how chess players found the best move. He reported that there was little difference in the way that the best players (Grand Masters) and very good players (Candidate Masters) searched the board. Although this result has been regularly cited in studies of expertise, it is frequently misquoted. It is often claimed that de Groot found no difference in the way that experts and novices investigate a problem. Comparison of (...) expert and novice chess players on de Groot's problem shows that there are clear differences in their search patterns. We discuss the troublesome theoretical and practical consequences of incorrectly reporting de Groot's findings. (shrink)

This study focuses on the intersection of research ethics and academic writing, i.e. the use of sources, assignment of credit to the contributors in the research, and the dissemination of research findings. The study utilized a set of semi-structured and open-ended questions. The sample consisted of 269 undergraduate (BA) and graduate (MA) students at a U.S. university department of psychology including major and non-major students. The data showed that although an overwhelming number of the students’ examples related to ethical issues (...) in citation dealt with plagiarism, a broad range of examples of other types of issues were also provided. Understandably, students tended to view the questions about both the assignment of credit to those involved in conducting the research and the dissemination of research findings from the research participant’s perspective, which is more familiar to them than the researcher perspective. In order to help the students to expand their notions beyond the immediate own experience to a broader understanding for the ethical principles that ought to guide a researcher in his or her work, it is desirable that students be provided with opportunities to participate in authentic research projects. With a deeper understanding of the students’ conceptions of ethics in research and academic writing, we can become more attuned to the common limitations and misconceptions that students harbor, and thus better equipped to support students in their learning process. (shrink)

In their classic, Principles of Biomedical Ethics (now in its fifth edition), Beauchamp and Childress, describe a puzzling case: A man who generally exhibits normal behavior patterns is involuntarily committed to a mental institution as the result of bizarre self-destructive behavior (pulling out an eye and cutting off a hand). This behavior results from his unusual religious beliefs. … [H]is peculiar actions follow “reasonably” from his religious beliefs. …While analysis in terms of limited competence might at first appear plausible, such (...) an analysis entails that persons with unorthodox or bizarre religious beliefs are less than competent, even if they reason clearly in light of their beliefs. (shrink)

This article seeks to lay out an analysis of Giorgio Agamben’s central claims with regard to the formation of a theory of citationality. By juxtaposing Walter Benjamin’s theory of citations alongside his more recent, critical engagements with the Western theological tradition, Agamben sets himself the goal of redefining ethics along Levinasian lines in order to arrive at a respect for the face of ‘whatever’ being before us, the true source towards which all citations point.

This article reflects on the final draft of a feminist memoir written by my grandmother, who decided to end her life at the age of 92. Barbara's unpublished writing, which she wanted others to read, charts her life story through broader philosophical and ecological questions. My intimate reading encounter suggests that the fierceness of the human condition prevails beyond death, and that the desire for a better world rests upon, and shapes, the words we inherit.

In this essay I want to take some metaphors seriously. I want to push at their limits and ask whether this exercise can help us think differently about photographs and their relationship to what they depict. (Should it be ‘what they depict’ or ‘what they are seen as depicting’? The choice of phrasing depends on theoretical position: is depiction inherent in the image, or is it seen by the viewer?). The moel of citationality based on Cadava’s work is developed by (...) exploring in more detail the variety of bibliographic ciataions. (shrink)

in Economics. The data is obtained through machine analysis of the full text files for papers available in EconPapers. Currently only freely available full text files are analysed and results are only included for files which could be parsed without errors.

This paper is based on a case study involving construction of a new petrochemical plant near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and the controversy surrounding its location. The paper will explore ethical issues raised by this plant, utilizing a pragmatic perspective that differs from traditional ethical frameworks. In developing and exploring the implications of this case, the complexities of its moral dimensions will be discussed, as well as the way the insights of classical American pragmatism provide a useful orientation for trying to (...) come to grips with these complexities. (shrink)