Ang panitikang pambata ay isang mahalagang salik sa paghubog ng pananaw ng mga bata sa lipunan, kabilang ang kanilang pag-unawa sa kasarian. Sa pamamagitan ng mga kuwento at tauhan nito, nabubuo sa isipan ng mga bata ang pagkilala sa mga gampanin at kakayahan ng babae at lalaki. Karaniwang inilalarawan sa mga tradisyonal na kuwentong pambata ang mga ina bilang tagapag-alaga ng tahanan at ang mga ama bilang tagapagtaguyod ng pamilya—isang uri ng paglalarawan na nagpapatibay ng makalumang pagpapakahulunan sa kasarian. Ang (...) ganitong estereotipikong pananaw ay maaaring umakay sa batang mambabasa tungo sa makitid na pag-unawa sa mga tungkuling pangkasarian. Layunin ng pag-aaral na ito na suriin ang representasyong pangkasarian sa sampung piling kuwentong pambata at matukoy kung paano lumalabag at sumusunod ang mga ito sa mga estereotipikong pananaw. Nais ding tukuyin ng pananaliksik ang mga anyo ng estereotipikong representasyon sa kasarian na matatagpuan sa mga nasabing akda, kung paano hinahamon ng mga may-akda ang mga ito sa pamamagitan ng kanilang mga tauhan at tema, at kung mayroon nang mga akdang ganap nang nagpapalaya sa tradisyonal na pagbibigay-kahulugan sa kasarian. Gumamit ang pag-aaral ng kwalitatibong pananaliksik, partikular ang case study approach at content analysis. Binuo ang korpus mula sa sampung piling akdang pambata na inilimbag ng Adarna House at Lampara Books sa pagitan ng 2001 at 2023, na pinili batay sa criterion sampling ayon sa wikang Filipino, angkop na antas ng pagbabasa, at pantay na representasyon ng babae at lalaki. Ginamit ang hybrid coding sheet upang sistematikong matala ang mahahalagang elemento ng bawat kuwento. Ikinumpara ang pagsusuri ng mga mananaliksik sa pagsusuri ng dalawang guro gamit ang comparison sheet upang matiyak ang pagiging obhetibo ng interpretasyon. Ipinakita ng mga resulta na pitong (7) sa sampung (10) kuwentong pambata ang ganap nang nakalaya sa estereotipong pananaw sa kasarian. Bilang kongklusyon, lumalabas na unti-unti nang umuusbong sa panitikang pambata ang mga naratibo na nagwawaksi sa mga estereotipikong pananaw sa kasarian. Mahalaga ang pagkilala at pagpapalawak ng ganitong mga akda upang mapaunlad ang pang-unawa ng mga bata sa pagkakapantay-pantay ng kasarian. Kaugnay ng mga implikasyong pang-edukasyon, ang mga natuklasan ay may malalim na kabuluhan para sa mga guro, mag-aaral, at paaralan: ang mga guro ay maaaring gumamit ng mga akdang nagpapalaya sa kasarian bilang kasangkapan sa pagbuo ng mas inklusibong kurikulum at kritikal na literasiya; ang mga mag-aaral, lalo na sa antas ng elementarya, ay nakikinabang mula sa pagbabasa ng mga kuwentong nagtatampok ng iba't ibang uri ng representasyong pangkasarian; at ang mga paaralan ay hinihikayat na bumuo ng mga programang nakatuon sa gender-responsive na pagbabasa upang maisaloob ang mga ganitong akda sa pormal na edukasyon. (shrink)

This article will explore Derridean hauntology in relation to the UK Supreme Court case of Keyu & Others, as well as through the lens of Lacanian-Žižekian psychoanalysis. In particular, this article will argue that there are two main groups of spectres, or ghosts, which loom over the case. The first are the spectres of Marxism and class struggle, which form the overarching framework of the case. The second are the spectres of the victims of the Batang Kali killings in (...) 1948 at the hands of a Scots Guard patrol. Here, Lacanian-Žižekian psychoanalysis can shed light on the tension between democracies and undemocratic measures, which co-exist side by side and indeed are mutually constitutive. In addition, Lacanian-Žižekian psychoanalysis can provide a way to further understand the need for the victims’ and their relatives’ voices to finally be heard and acknowledged by the Symbolic Order (the big Other). Lacanian-Žižekian psychoanalysis can further offer a useful interpretive framework through which to understand the traumatic impact of the killings of the Batang Kali rubber plantation workers on their relatives (the appellants of the case), and how it can potentially be mitigated through articulation and integration into the Symbolic. In so doing, this article will expose and bring to light the spectres and ghosts, as well as the obscene underside, that are latent in cases of historical human rights violations, whether those are related to insurgencies in the days of the decline of the British Empire or otherwise. This is important in terms of giving a voice, as well as acknowledging that voice, of the victims and survivors of such human rights violations, which is often silenced or ignored, as well as exposing and acknowledging the obscene supplement that characterizes, for example, democracies and their workings. (shrink)

This study aims to reconstruct the concept of Islamic educational philosophy from the perspective of Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas and to analyze its implications for the motivation of Generation X parents to continue their children’s education through higher education. This study employs a qualitative approach with a phenomenological design, utilizing in-depth interviews and participatory observation within a Muslim community rooted in the pesantren tradition in the mountainous region of Batang Regency, Central Java. Research findings indicate that educational and religious (...) practices in Islamic boarding schools reflect the concept of ta’dīb (religious guidance), the integration of knowledge and faith, and an awareness of the Islamic worldview as developed by Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas. Collective traditions such as the study of Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn (Islamic teachings), bahtsul masail (religious discourses), manaqiban (religious recitation), and khataman (religious recitation) shape the spiritual orientation of underprivileged communities, allowing religion to be understood not merely as a ritual but as a source of serenity, social solidarity, and resilience. The attitude of nrimo (respect for God), accompanied by effort, gratitude, and mutual support, demonstrates the internalization of adab (good manners) in daily life, particularly in respect for knowledge, scholars, and education. This awareness is also evident in the motivation of parents who continue to strive to send their children to Islamic universities despite facing economic constraints. They understand education as a continuous charity, a path of worship, and a means of developing civilized individuals with a future orientation and moral responsibility. The choice of sharia, da‘wah, and Islamic education demonstrates the belief that knowledge must bring blessings and social benefits. This finding challenges the habits of modern society which views happiness through material accumulation, but through inner peace, strengthening of faith, and the pursuit of knowledge as a spiritual path to God’s pleasure. (shrink)

This article is based on the author's extensive research on the missionaries to Tibet from the Disciples of Christ USA, and discusses various missionary efforts to transmit scientific and practical knowledge such as medicine, building, and agriculture in Eastern Tibet from 1904–1919. It shows that American missionaries played a prominent and distinctive role in the dissemination of scientific and practical knowledge as a result of their hard work and wisdom. In this sense, they made an important contribution to the development (...) of Tibetan society and the modernization movement in early twentieth-century Eastern Tibet. (shrink)