A rotating disk with angular acceleration is given a relativistic description as observed from the rotating rest frameR of the disk. It is shown how a non-Euclidean intrinsic spatial geometry develops inR, as the disk gets an angular velocity. The explanation of this as given by anR-observer is discussed. A recent description of the geometry inR presented by Grünbaum and Janis is criticized. The motion of light as described by use of coordinate clocks inR is discussed in (...) connection with some recent work by R. C. Jennison and coworkers. The significance of the difference between directed signals and circular waves when clocks inR are to be synchronized by means of light emitted from the axis inR is made clear. (shrink)

We investigate how a uniformly rotating frame is defined as the rest frame of an observer rotating with constant angular velocity Ω around the z axis of an inertial frame. Assuming this frame to be a Lorentz one, we second quantize a free massless scalar field in the rotating frame and obtain that creation-annihilation operators of the field are not the same as those of an inertial frame. This leads to a new vacuum state—a rotating vacuum. After this, introducing (...) an apparatus device coupled linearly with the field, we obtain that there is a strong correlation between the number of Trocheries-Takeno particles (in a given state) obtained via canonical quantization and the response function of the rotating detector. Finally, we analyze polarization effects in circular accelerators in the proper frame of the electron, making a connection with the inertial frame point of view. (shrink)

We report a detection of the baryon acoustic oscillation feature in the three-dimensional correlation function of the transmitted flux fraction in the Lya forest of high-redshift quasars. The study uses 48 640 quasars in the redshift range 2.1 = z = 3.5 from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of the third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. At a mean redshift z = 2.3, we measure the monopole and quadrupole components of the correlation function for separations in the range (...) 20 h-1 Mpc < r < 200 h-1 Mpc. A peak in the correlation function is seen at a separation equal to times the distance expected for the BAO peak within a concordance.CDM cosmology. This first detection of the BAO peak at high redshift, when the universe was strongly matter dominated, results in constraints on the angular diameter distance DA and the expansion rate H at z = 2.3 that, combined with priors on H0 and the baryon density, require the existence of dark energy. Combined with constraints derived from cosmic microwave background observations, this result implies H = km s-1 Mpc-1, indicating that the time derivative of the cosmological scale parameter.a = H/ is significantly greater than that measured with BAO at z ∼ 0.5. This demonstrates that the expansion was decelerating in the range 0.7 < z < 2.3, as expected from the matter domination during this epoch. Combined with measurements of H0, one sees the pattern of deceleration followed by acceleration characteristic of a dark-energy dominated universe. © 2013 ESO. (shrink)

Motion pose capture technology can effectively solve the problem of difficulty in defining character motion in the process of 3D animation production and greatly reduce the workload of character motion control, thereby improving the efficiency of animation development and the fidelity of character motion. Motion gesture capture technology is widely used in virtual reality systems, virtual training grounds, and real-time tracking of the motion trajectories of general objects. This paper proposes an attitude estimation algorithm adapted to be embedded. The previous (...) centralized Kalman filter is divided into two-step Kalman filtering. According to the different characteristics of the sensors, they are processed separately to isolate the cross-influence between sensors. An adaptive adjustment method based on fuzzy logic is proposed. The acceleration, angular velocity, and geomagnetic field strength of the environment are used as the input of fuzzy logic to judge the motion state of the carrier and then adjust the covariance matrix of the filter. The adaptive adjustment of the sensor is converted to the recognition of the motion state. For the study of human motion posture capture, this paper designs a verification experiment based on the existing robotic arm in the laboratory. The experiment shows that the studied motion posture capture method has better performance. The human body motion gesture is designed for capturing experiments, and the capture results show that the obtained pose angle information can better restore the human body motion. A visual model of human motion posture capture was established, and after comparing and analyzing with the real situation, it was found that the simulation approach reproduced the motion process of human motion well. For the research of human motion recognition, this paper designs a two-classification model and human daily behaviors for experiments. Experiments show that the accuracy of the two-category human motion gesture capture and recognition has achieved good results. The experimental effect of SVC on the recognition of two classifications is excellent. In the case of using all optimization algorithms, the accuracy rate is higher than 90%, and the final recognition accuracy rate is also higher than 90%. In terms of recognition time, the time required for human motion gesture capture and recognition is less than 2 s. (shrink)

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to introduce an orthogonal experimental design to improve the efficiency of building and optimizing models for freezing of gait prediction.MethodsA random forest model was developed to predict FOG by using acceleration signals and angular velocity signals to recognize possible precursor signs of FOG. An OED was introduced to optimize the feature extraction parameters.ResultsThe main effects and interaction among the feature extraction hyperparameters were analyzed. The false-positive rate, hit rate, and mean prediction time (...) were 27%, 68%, and 2.99 s, respectively.ConclusionThe OED was an effective method for analyzing the main effects and interactions among the feature extraction parameters. It was also beneficial for optimizing the feature extraction parameters of the FOG prediction model. (shrink)

We continue to explore the consequences of Thermal Relativity Theory to the physics of black holes. The thermal analog of Lorentz transformations in the tangent space of the thermodynamic manifold are studied in connection to the Hawking evaporation of Schwarzschild black holes and one finds that there is no bound to the thermal analog of proper accelerations despite the maximal bound on the thermal analog of velocity given by the Planck temperature. The proper entropic infinitesimal interval corresponding to the Kerr–Newman (...) black hole involves a \ non-Hessian metric with diagonal and off-diagonal terms of the form \^2 = g_{ ab } d Z^a dZ^b\), where \ are the mass, charge and angular momentum, respectively. Since the computation of the scalar curvature associated to this metric is very elaborate, to simplify matters, we focused on the singularities of the metric and found that they correspond to the extremal Kerr–Newman black hole case \ with vanishing temperature. Black holes in asymptotically Anti de Sitter spacetimes are more subtle to study since the mass turns out to be related to the enthalpy rather that the internal energy. We finalize with some remarks about the thermal-relativistic analog of proper force, the need to extend our analysis of Gibbs-Boltzmann entropy to the case of Reny and Tsallis entropies, and to complexify spacetime. (shrink)

Nowadays, the development of big data is getting faster and faster, and the related research on motion sensing recognition and complex systems under the background of big data is gradually being valued. At present, there are relatively few related researches on vertical Baduanjin in the academic circles; research in this direction can make further breakthroughs in motion sensor recognition. In order to carry out related action recognition research on the lifting action of vertical Baduanjin, this paper uses sensor technology to (...) collect the motion video image of vertical Baduanjin based on the background of big data and uses action recognition technology and related algorithms to obtain the action. Recognize the video image to obtain the data, get the acceleration, angular velocity, and EMG data, and count the end time and duration according to the change of the action. According to the data table and graph change trend compiled at the end of the experiment, we can see the following: after the data is preprocessed, the acceleration signal change range is limited to [−1, 1], and the acceleration change has a clear directionality; and, after 15 lifts of the detected object, its angular velocity in X-axis direction is basically negative. However, when the ninth lift is performed, the angular velocity of the movement in X-axis direction is 36.09, the largest of all angular velocities. When performing the 15th lifting action, the angular velocity of this action in Z-axis direction is −26.05, which is the smallest of all angular velocities. The longest duration of the left muscle discharge during the lifting action of the subject is 15.24 for the tibial anterior muscle and 8.91 for the external oblique muscle with the shortest duration. The longest discharge duration of the right muscle is also the tibial anterior muscle with 12.15, and the shortest duration is the erector spinae with 8.79. (shrink)

Novel forms of matter, such as states made of gluons (glueballs), multiquark mesons or baryons and hybrid mesons are predicted by low energy QCD, for which several candidates have recently been identified. Searching for such exotic states of matter and studying their production and decay properties in detail has become a flourishing field at the experimental facilities now available or being built - e.g. BESIII in Beijing, BELLE II at SuperKEKB, GlueX at Jefferson Lab, PANDA at FAIR, J-PARC and in (...) the upgraded LHC experiments, in particular LHCb. A modern primer in the field is required so as to both revive and update the teaching of a new generation of researchers in the field of QCD. These lectures on hadron spectroscopy are intended for Master and PhD students and have been originally developed for a course delivered at the Stefan Meyer Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. They are phenomenologically oriented and intended as complementary material for basic courses in particle and nuclear physics. The book describes the spectra of light and heavy mesons and baryons, and introduces the fundamental properties based on symmetries. Further, it derives multiplet structures, mixing angle, decay coupling constants, magnetic moments of baryons, and predictions for multiquark states and compares these with suitable experimental data. Basic methods of calculating decay angular distributions and determining masses and widths of resonances are also presented. The appendices provide students and newcomers to the field with the necessary background information, and include a set of problems and solutions. (shrink)

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges that human societies have ever faced. After a late start, it is by now rather intensely debated and analysed also in the social sciences and humanities, though mostly through overly generic explanations in terms of an instrumental relation to nature, of capitalist expansion drives or of the human longing for comfort. In contrast, this article concentrates on the socio-political transformations since the middle of the 20th century, which have been referred to as (...) the ‘Great Acceleration’ in the use of biophysical resources and in environmental degradation. It provides an analysis of the socio-political mechanisms that brought the resource-intensive path of social development about, showing how Western democratic societies tended to ‘solve’ difficult social problems by means of a triple displacement: onto other societies; onto nature and the planet; and into the future. As an unintended consequence, this displacement politics led to the globalization of resource-intensive development and to a planetary situation in which, at least as it appears in much of current debate, no further displacement is possible. The article concludes with insights for a more adequate approach to social phenomena of large scale and long duration in social theory. (shrink)

The Journal of Business Ethics has always emphasized a broad and pluralistic remit, embracing the multiplicity and dynamism of business ethics research. However, recent years have brought exponential growth in a manner never seen. And we are not alone. The acceleration of journal publishing, and academic life more generally, has pushed the academic knowledge machine towards a breaking point. In this respect academic publishing serves as a bellwether for the acceleration of contemporary social and economic life. In this (...) essay, we attempt to make sense of the rapid force of acceleration we are experiencing. Drawing on ideas about acceleration as pathology and acceleration as transformation, we reflect on how acceleration can produce both a fascination with growth for its own sake and, conversely, a nostalgia for simpler times. Resisting both temptations, we argue that by focusing on articulating knowledge from past to future (rather than merely accumulating knowledge) and moving with variable rhythm (rather than sheer speed), we might create possibilities at the Journal of Business Ethics to avoid the pathologies of acceleration while speeding up the search for knowledge about ethical and social challenges. (shrink)

Accelerating Turing machines have attracted much attention in the last decade or so. They have been described as “the work-horse of hypercomputation” (Potgieter and Rosinger 2010: 853). But do they really compute beyond the “Turing limit”—e.g., compute the halting function? We argue that the answer depends on what you mean by an accelerating Turing machine, on what you mean by computation, and even on what you mean by a Turing machine. We show first that in the current literature the term (...) “accelerating Turing machine” is used to refer to two very different species of accelerating machine, which we call end-stage-in and end-stage-out machines, respectively. We argue that end-stage-in accelerating machines are not Turing machines at all. We then present two differing conceptions of computation, the internal and the external, and introduce the notion of an epistemic embedding of a computation. We argue that no accelerating Turing machine computes the halting function in the internal sense. Finally, we distinguish between two very different conceptions of the Turing machine, the purist conception and the realist conception; and we argue that Turing himself was no subscriber to the purist conception. We conclude that under the realist conception, but not under the purist conception, an accelerating Turing machine is able to compute the halting function in the external sense. We adopt a relatively informal approach throughout, since we take the key issues to be philosophical rather than mathematical. (shrink)

Accelerating Turing machines are Turing machines of a sort able to perform tasks that are commonly regarded as impossible for Turing machines. For example, they can determine whether or not the decimal representation of contains n consecutive 7s, for any n; solve the Turing-machine halting problem; and decide the predicate calculus. Are accelerating Turing machines, then, logically impossible devices? I argue that they are not. There are implications concerning the nature of effective procedures and the theoretical limits of computability. Contrary (...) to a recent paper by Bringsjord, Bello and Ferrucci, however, the concept of an accelerating Turing machine cannot be used to shove up Searle's Chinese room argument. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This article attempts to situate land art in the deserts of the US Southwest in terms of the works’ relation to and rupture with more traditional genres (seventeenth to twentieth centuries) of parks, gardens, and landscape architecture. It argues that the earlier works provide implicit answers to questions concerning Earth’s meaning and offer models of flourishing habitation. In contrast, the more recent works, all constructed in the era of the great acceleration (the Anthropocene), pose questions having to do (...) with new challenges posed by climate change and the devastation of the Earth. (shrink)

Hartmut Rosa advances an account of the temporal structure of society from the perspective of critical theory. He identifies three categories of change in the tempo of modern social life: technological acceleration, evident in transportation, communication, and production; the acceleration of social change, reflected in cultural knowledge, social institutions, and personal relationships; and acceleration in the pace of life, which happens despite the expectation that technological change should increase an individual's free time. According to Rosa, both the (...) structural and cultural aspects of our institutions and practices are marked by the "shrinking of the present," a decreasing time period during which expectations based on past experience reliably match the future. When this phenomenon combines with technological acceleration and the increasing pace of life, time seems to flow ever faster, making our relationships to each other and the world fluid and problematic. It is as if we are standing on "slipping slopes," a steep social terrain that is itself in motion and in turn demands faster lives and technology. As Rosa deftly shows, this self-reinforcing feedback loop fundamentally determines the character of modern life. (shrink)

We investigate the effect of radiation reaction on the motion of a wave packet of a charged scalar particle linearly accelerated in quantum electrodynamics (QED). We give the details of the calculations for the case where the particle is accelerated by a static potential that were outlined in Higuchi and Martin Phys. Rev. D 70 (2004) 081701(R) and present similar results in the case of a time-dependent but space-independent potential. In particular, we calculate the expectation value of the position of (...) the charged particle after the acceleration, to first-order in the fine structure constant in the ℏ→ 0 limit, and find that the change in the expectation value of the position (the position shift) due to radiation reaction agrees exactly with the result obtained using the Lorentz-Dirac force in classical electrodynamics for both potentials. (shrink)

AI companions are becoming increasingly popular, with millions of users worldwide, especially young adults. Some see the potential to fight the so-called loneliness epidemic; others see the destructive effects of addiction and harmful guidance leading users in extreme cases even to suicide. Recent research has examined AI companions through the lens of AI ethics, addressing questions of emotional dependency, controllability and emotional harm. While these contributions are valuable in assessing these newly appearing phenomena of AI companions, they do not address (...) the ideological logic underlying these platforms: the rationalization and economization of emotional relationships. Therefore, I propose to apply Hartmut Rosa's resonance concept to investigate the ideological dimensions of AI companion interaction. I argue that AI companions contradict Rosa's definition of resonance as fundamentally uncontrollable and unavailable on demand. Although Rosa’s definition of resonance aims to counter social acceleration, commodified resonance by AI companions contains the opposite potentiality to enforce social acceleration. Drawing on Rosa’s four parameters of resonance, I aim to provide an analytical framework, _Artificial Resonance_, that can then be used in addition to existing ethical frameworks in the assessment of AI companion interaction. (shrink)

Based around the image of a carousel, this book uses epistemological theory to tackle the paradoxical acceleration and deceleration of time that is experienced by many. The consequence of this paradox is the observance of the past, present and future coinciding, where acceleration is combined with perfect immobility. _The Carousel of Time_ proposes a model that focuses on a complex network of individual actors, and their relation to the analysis, structure and evolution of our socio-cognitive space–time. The first (...) part of the book, "Foundations", presents the key bases of this model, as well as the notions that must be understood and integrated. The book then analyzes the concept of "Space", defining the parameters of the network’s boundaries, and finishes with an exploration of "Time". This third part links the temporality of the network to its spatial characteristics and studies its evolution. (shrink)

Drugs addressing unmet medical needs can change the lives of millions. Developing and validating new drugs can, however, take many years. To streamline the assessment of new drugs, regulatory agencies have long established shortened review pathways. Among these programs, Accelerated Approval (AA) has recently come under scrutiny due to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's decision to authorize Aducanumab, the first Alzheimer's disease drug. This decision attracted fierce criticism due to the allegedly insufficient evidence about the safety and efficacy of (...) the drug. While considerable scholarly attention has been devoted to this case, the ethical aspects of the AA regulatory pathway have so far remained relatively unexplored. In this paper, we set out to fill this gap. We illustrate six conditions that should be met for AA to be ethically acceptable: moral solicitude, evidence, risk mitigation, impartiality, sustainability, and transparency. We discuss such conditions and suggest practical steps to implement them in regulatory and oversight processes. Taken together, our six conditions represent a benchmark for assessing the ethical validity of AA processes and decisions. (shrink)

In modern capitalist societies, companies are exposed to enormous pressure to accelerate. However, it has increasingly become apparent that the social and economic acceleration which is the result of systemic imperatives tends to produce conflict both on the micro-level of personal temporal patterns and rhythms and on the macro-ecological level, where it tends to undermine the proper times for natural regeneration and reproduction. Corporations are increasingly called upon as corporate citizens to fulfil their responsibilities to stakeholders such as employees (...) or ecosystems. Business ethics approaches therefore seek to develop strategies for fulfilling this responsibility in view of these conflicts created by social acceleration. In this contribution, we first present a diagnosis of acceleration imperatives for companies based on a sociological analysis of social acceleration. Then we examine the normative aspects of conflicts created by acceleration for employees and the ecosphere using the sociological conception of resonance. We attempt to articulate conceptually the normative requirements for a business ethics which are capable of dealing with the problems of social acceleration in corporations with a particular focus on a resonant stakeholder approach. (shrink)

One objection to conventional AI ethics is that it slows innovation. This presentation responds by reconfiguring ethics as an innovation accelerator. The critical elements develop from a contrast between Stability AI’s Diffusion and OpenAI’s Dall-E. By analyzing the divergent values underlying their opposed strategies for development and deployment, five conceptions are identified as common to acceleration ethics. Uncertainty is understood as positive and encouraging, rather than discouraging. Innovation is conceived as intrinsically valuable, instead of worthwhile only as mediated by (...) social effects. AI problems are solved by more AI, not less. Permissions and restrictions governing AI emerge from a decentralized process, instead of a unified authority. The work of ethics is embedded in AI development and application, instead of functioning from outside. Together, these attitudes and practices remake ethics as provoking rather than restraining artificial intelligence. (shrink)

Heidegger assinalou reiteradas vezes a importância particular que a doutrina husserliana da kategoriale Anschauung teve não apenas para o seu próprio percurso filosófico, mas também, de forma mais geral, para o pensamento fenomenológico enquanto tal. Assim como Husserl o fizera antes dele, o autor de Sein und Zeit destaca constantemente a função metodológica específica e o papel fundador da teoria das categorias, sempre que retoma a sua relevância em relação à descoberta de um novo campo de análise para a investigação (...) filosófica, aberto pela descrição fenomenológica. Este artigo procurará, todavia, mostrar que Heidegger e Husserl não celebram a kategoriale Anschauung pelas mesmas razões. Por trás da sua reivindicação comum do caráter fundamental e fundador das análises dedicadas às categorias na Sexta Investigação Lógica de Husserl, esconde-se uma divergência essencial quanto ao sentido do método fenomenológico que tal teoria das categorias estaria destinada a fundamentar. A análise do uso que Husserl e Heidegger fazem da noção de categorias deve, assim, permitir evidenciar a natureza do desacordo que contrapõe de forma direta as suas concepções de fenomenologia. Se, para Heidegger, a kategoriale Anschauung deve constituir o “solo” necessário ao tipo particular de hermenêutica a que o método fenomenológico deve conduzir, para Husserl ela representa antes a “pedra angular” que garante a solidez da descrição fenomenológica dos modos de aparecer dos entes — mantendo, para além do raciocínio analógico que havia estabelecido a sua existência, a tensão irredutível que deve, em Husserl, opor sensibilidade e entendimento. (shrink)

Acceleration ethics addresses the tension between innovation and safety in artificial intelligence. The acceleration argument is that risks raised by innovation should be answered with still more innovating. This paper summarizes the theoretical position, and then shows how acceleration ethics works in a real case. To begin, the paper summarizes acceleration ethics as composed of five elements: innovation solves innovation problems, innovation is intrinsically valuable, the unknown is encouraging, governance is decentralized, and ethics is embedded. Subsequently, (...) the paper illustrates the acceleration framework with a use-case, a generative artificial intelligence language tool developed by the Canadian telecommunications company Telus. While the purity of theoretical positions is blurred by real-world circumstances, the Telus experience documents acceleration AI ethics as a way of maximizing social responsibility through innovation. (shrink)

The US Food and Drug Administration’s controversial decision to grant accelerated approval to aducanumab (Aduhelm), a therapy for Alzheimer’s disease, has motivated multiple policy reforms. Drawing a case series of other drugs granted accelerated approval and interviews of senior FDA officials, I argue that reform should be informed but not defined by aducanumab. Rather, structural reforms are needed to reshape FDA’s core priorities and restore the regulatory system’s commitment to scientific rigor.

Se defiende que el conflicto que advierte Panofsky entre la proposición 8 de la Óptica de Euclides y la Perspectiva Lineal carece de fundamento. Se mostrará que las reglas de construcción perspectiva sugeridas por Piero della Francesca usan las definiciones de Euclides y armonizan sin dificultad la proyección perspectiva y la proposición 8. Si el surgimiento del espacio moderno exige una ruptura con el espacio psicofisiológico, como advierte Panofsky, esta ruptura se debe defender con argumentos distintos al de esgrimir el (...) conflicto aludido. (shrink)