Abstract

This paper explores a transformative shift in Systems Theory, moving from traditional Newtonian ontologies prioritizing static objects to a contemporary understanding emphasizing dynamic interactions and change. In this new interpretive paradigm, the functionality and organizing principles of systems take precedence over their structural components. The theory posits that truth is found at higher levels of abstraction, defined by the relationships and positions among components rather than their isolated identities. Consequently, the agent's role is redefined to focus on the agency inherent in actions rather than on the agents themselves. The concept of "state" emerges as crucial, representing the context within which actions occur and highlighting the relational dynamics between agents and events. This framework characterizes contemporary systems through three interrelated elements: agents, states, and actions, emphasizing dynamic processes over static entities. Actions serve as the ontological basis, with agents acting as executors that can be replaced without disrupting the overall system. This collective and distributed nature of action contributes to system resilience against disturbances. The research asserts that any agent can perform the same action as another, reinforcing the notion that agents play a secondary role while actions remain primary. The theory applies universally, encompassing systems from elementary particles to complex societies, where the common denominator is the concept of action. Additionally, it introduces a temporal dimension associated with states, contrasting with the spatial dimension of agents. As a result, the focus shifts from seeking truth in fixed components to understanding it through evolving actions. Ultimately, this paradigm shift redefines our understanding of existence and knowledge acquisition, moving from reductionist frameworks to transdisciplinary, holistic methodologies. The implications of this new ontology challenge traditional notions of essence and secondary characteristics, paving the way for a more comprehensive understanding of complex systems. This shift opens new horizons for philosophy, redirecting the focus from mere understanding and interpretation to the proactive design of systems, which is particularly relevant in the context of rapid scientific advancements and the rise of artificial intelligence. The study suggests that system design methodologies should be viewed as universal frameworks applicable across various domains, transcending specialized interpretations and fostering a more integrated understanding of complex systems. Keywords: Systems Theory, action ontology, Agent, State, Action, Complexity, Transdisciplinary Approach, Systems Design.