Abstract

The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to classical cryptographic systems, particularly those based on RSA, ECC, and other public-key algorithms. With Shor’s algorithm capable of efficiently factoring large numbers and breaking current encryption standards, the transition to postquantum cryptography (PQC) has become a global priority. This paper explores the impact of quantum computing on cryptographic security, the need for quantum-resistant cryptographic algorithms, and ongoing standardization efforts led by organizations such as NIST. We analyze various post-quantum cryptographic techniques, including lattice-based, hash-based, multivariate, and code-based cryptography, assessing their feasibility for real-world implementation. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with transitioning to PQC, including computational overhead, interoperability, and regulatory compliance. As the quantum era approaches, organizations must proactively adopt post-quantum cryptographic solutions to safeguard sensitive data and ensure long-term security in a quantum-capable world.