Abstract

Conflicts of interest (COIs) pose a continuing challenge to the integrity of science. While previous chapters in this volume have defined COIs, traced their regulation, and outlined best practices, this chapter explores an innovative way forward: the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to detect and manage conflicts. AI offers tools for integrating diverse datasets, recognizing patterns, applying natural language processing (NLP), and automating reporting processes. These technologies can supplement human oversight by identifying subtle or hidden COIs, thereby enhancing transparency and efficiency in research governance. Drawing on recent literature and case studies, this chapter highlights how AI contributes to early detection of conflicts in manuscripts and grants, strengthens peer review, and supports institutional compliance. At the same time, it addresses limitations, including algorithmic bias, privacy risks, and a lack of transparency in decision-making. Positioned within Part II of this book, this chapter demonstrates how AI operationalizes and extends principles covered in earlier sections, offering a forward-looking framework that emphasizes explainable AI, interdisciplinary collaboration, and regulatory readiness.