Abstract

This paper presents a refined formulation of Jestin’s Contingency Theory of Evolution (JCTE), which positions contingency as the primary generator of evolutionary possibility. Traits arise without adaptive intention and enter the organism as latent possibilities whose significance is determined only when the environment assigns value. This yields a triadic evolutionary structure: Contingency generates the trait space, the Environment performs valuation, and Natural Selection acts as a constraint mechanism that stabilises or eliminates traits after valuation. Neutral and low selection pressure traits function as possibility carriers, forming a reservoir of latent capacities that may become relevant under new environmental conditions. Natural Selection’s permissiveness—its “wide toothed comb”—is identified as an underappreciated evolutionary strength, enabling the accumulation of structural and biochemical redundancies that later support adaptive innovation. JCTE is positioned in relation to Gould’s historical contingency, Evo Devo constraints, and Ohta’s Nearly Neutral Theory, offering a meta structural account in which novelty originates from contingency while selection shapes its stability. Evolution is thereby reframed as a sequence of retrospective reinterpretations rather than a continuous optimisation process.