Abstract

Agriculture plays a critical role in India’s economy and food security, but its increasing reliance on high-carbon inputs has raised concerns about sustainability. This study evaluates the carbon output from major crops across different Indian states, identifying regional variations in carbon sequestration potential and assessing long-term trends in carbon efficiency. By analyzing data on crop productivity, soil carbon storage, and emission factors, the study aims to provide insights into state-wise contributions to total agricultural carbon output. The findings highlight significant regional differences in carbon sequestration potential, influenced by cropping patterns, land-use practices, and agro-climatic conditions. Additionally, long-term trends indicate that while agricultural productivity has increased, carbon-use efficiency has declined due to excessive input reliance. The study underscores the need for region-specific sustainable practices, such as precision farming, conservation agriculture, and climate-resilient cropping systems, to enhance carbon efficiency and environmental sustainability. These insights can aid policymakers in designing low-carbon agricultural strategies that balance productivity with ecological sustainability.