Abstract

This chapter aims to describe, classify, and discuss various argument models found in the literature. An argument model specifies which are the parts of a simple argument, which is what distinguishes one argument from another and constitutes its identity. The text further explores the implications of choosing an argument model, including the context-dependence of logical properties and the evaluation of arguments. The chapter concludes by categorizing four main models of argument: premise-conclusion models, the Toulmin model, Horty’s reasons-based model, and the model of argument dialectics, each with distinct characteristics and implications for understanding argumentation.