Abstract

Analyzing the effective content of the Lebesgue density theorem played a crucial role in some recent developments in algorithmic randomness, namely, the solutions of the ML-covering and ML-cupping problems. Two new classes of reals emerged from this inquiry: thepositive density pointswith respect toeffectively closed sets of reals, and a proper subclass, thedensity-one points. Bienvenu, Hölzl, Miller, and Nies have shown that the Martin-Löf random positive density points are exactly the ones that do not compute the halting problem. Treating this theorem as our starting point, we present several new results that shed light on how density, randomness, and computational strength interact.