A noção de cultura na obra de John Dewey

Educação E Filosofia 39:1-31 (2025)
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Abstract

Este artigo reporta um estudo sobre a noção de cultura na obra de John Dewey (1859-1952). A delimitação do objeto de investigação se concentrou nas obras Liberalismo, Liberdade e Cultura e Democracia e Educação. O tema cultura em Dewey é apresentado como um objetivo da educação, ao lado da eficiência social. O filósofo, para forjar a sua concepção de cultura, convergiu a atenção na análise de ideias e conceitos de renomados pensadores, tais como: Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, Hobbes e Jefferson, os quais foram apropriados, interpretados e criticados por Dewey. Para este, as condições culturais são imprescindíveis para a transformação da natureza humana por meio da educação; a cultura livre e a liberdade política são fundamentais para garantirem uma sociedade autenticamente democrática. Portanto, não há democracia sem uma cultura democrática formada nos indivíduos e na sociedade pela escola pública. Dewey ainda, atento ao contexto histórico da década de 1930, examinou a manipulação da cultura e das artes pelo totalitarismo, pelas ditaduras e pelos regimes autoritários. Além disso, as condições culturais são indispensáveis para formar e preservar a democracia, estabelecendo limites para as pretensões do totalitarismo, das ditaduras e do autoritarismo. Palavras-chave: John Dewey; Cultura; Educação; Democracia; Natureza Humana. The notion of culture in the work of John Dewey Abstract: This article reports a study on the notion of culture in the work of John Dewey (1859-1952). The delimitation of the object of investigation focused on the works Liberalism, Freedom and Culture and Democracy and Education. The theme culture in Dewey is presented as an objective of education, alongside social efficiency. The philosopher, to forge his conception of culture, focused his attention on analyzing the ideas and concepts of renowned thinkers, such as: Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, Hobbes and Jefferson, which were appropriated, interpreted and criticized by Dewey. For him, cultural conditions are essential for the transformation of human nature through education; free culture and political freedom are fundamental to guaranteeing an authentically democratic society. Therefore, there is no democracy without a democratic culture formed in individuals and society by public schools. Dewey still, attentive to the historical context of the 1930s, examined the manipulation of culture and the arts by totalitarianism, dictatorships and authoritarian regimes. Furthermore, cultural conditions are essential to form and preserve democracy, setting limits to the intentions of totalitarianism, dictatorships and authoritarianism. Keywords: John Dewey; Culture; Education; Democracy; Human Nature. La notion de culture dans l’œuvre de John Dewey Résumé: Cet article présente une étude sur la notion de culture dans l’œuvre de John Dewey (1859-1952). La délimitation de l’objet de recherche s’est centrée sur les œuvres Liberalism, Freedom and Culture et Democracy and Education. Le thème de la culture chez Dewey est présenté comme un objectif de l’éducation, aux côtés de l’efficacité sociale. Le philosophe, pour forger sa conception de la culture, a concentré son attention sur l’analyse des idées et concepts de penseurs renommés tels que Rousseau, Kant, Hegel, Hobbes et Jefferson, qui ont été appropriés, interprétés et critiqués par Dewey. Pour lui, les conditions culturelles sont essentielles à la transformation de la nature humaine par l’éducation ; une culture libre et la liberté politique sont fondamentales pour garantir une société authentiquement démocratique. Ainsi, il n’y a pas de démocratie sans une culture démocratique formée chez les individus et dans la société par l’école publique. Dewey, attentif au contexte historique des années 1930, a également examiné la manipulation de la culture et des arts par les régimes totalitaires, les dictatures et les régimes autoritaires. De plus, les conditions culturelles sont essentielles pour former et préserver la démocratie, en posant des limites aux intentions du totalitarisme, des dictatures et de l’autoritarisme. Mots-clés: John Dewey; Culture; Éducation; Démocratie; Nature humaine. Data de registro: 29/04/2025 Data de aceite: 24/09/2025.

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Oeuvres de Descartes.René Descartes - 1996 - Vrin. [Cited as AT].
Descartes em seu século.Jean-Robert Armogathe - 2011 - Educação E Filosofia 25 (Especial):17-36.

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