Abstract

IPS is increasingly proved to be distinct from the traditional Muslim approaches to the study of Islamic philosophy of science through the ages. The IPS approach to substantively analytical methodology is also different from the studies and outlook on the universe by the occidental philosophy of science. IPS is increasingly deepening its methodological worldview in the Qur’an. It premises this methodological worldview of the Qur’an in its monotheistic law of epistemic-ontic unified model of unity of knowledge and traces its abstraction and applied essence in what is referred to in this study as the socio-scientific “everything.” Contrary to this epistemic worldview of Tawhid as law of “everything,” the study of philosophy of science by non-Tawhidi worldview is contrasted and extended in analytical ways. While Tawhid as law grounds its universal and unique methodological approach on knowledge induced by moral consciousness, the contrary methodology of “de-knowledge” as the pervasive approach of marginalism, meaning inter-entity competing conflicts in all of non-Tawhidi socio-scientific disciplines is logically rejected. The methodological approach of the Tawhidi worldview as universal law of “everything” supersedes also the traditional outlook of the shari’ah and fiqh construed to be Islamic law by traditionalism among Muslims. By doing so, the qur’anic monotheistic foundation of IPS uses the method of ta’wil (esoteric interpretation) combined with tafseer (exegesis) of verses of the Qur’an on a wide range of issues and problems.