Abstract

We outline initial work aligning the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) and the Information Exchange Standard (IES), illustrating how key design patterns and content structures can be connected across the two frameworks. Our analysis highlights points of ontological convergence and divergence, guided by scenarios and supported by formal modeling. The study contributes to methodologies for mapping between upper-level ontologies and standards-based models while providing insights for communities aiming to improve semantic interoperability.