Abstract

Purpose: This study examines reincarnation beliefs among the Ewe of Ghana, focusing on how traditional cosmological understandings of death are being reshaped through cultural change. Specifically, the study explores Ewe beliefs about death and reincarnation, examines how reincarnated individuals are identified and socially validated, analyses the influence of Christianity, formal education, and urbanization on these beliefs, and investigates how individuals negotiate between traditional and modern worldviews. Methodology: The study adopted a qualitative phenomenological design grounded in the interpretivist paradigm. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, conversational interviews, and informal discussions with participants purposively selected from three Ewe sub-cultural zones—Eweme, Anlo, and Tongu—in the Volta Region of Ghana. The study employed purposive and stratified sampling techniques to select eighteen participants, including elders, spiritual leaders, parents of reincarnated children, and individuals believed to be reincarnated. Data were analysed thematically using Symbolic Interactionism and Cultural Change Theory as analytical frameworks. Findings: The findings reveal that Ewe cosmology conceptualizes death as a transition rather than a final end, with reincarnation (Gbugbordzo) understood as a cyclical return within the lineage. Reincarnated individuals are identified through behavioural resemblance, birthmarks, childhood experiences, dreams, and divinatory consultation. The study further found that Christianity, formal education, and urbanization have significantly reshaped reincarnation beliefs, resulting in reinterpretation rather than complete abandonment. While some individuals reject reincarnation due to Christian doctrine, others maintain syncretic belief systems that combine indigenous cosmology with Christian practices. The findings also demonstrate that reincarnation beliefs remain socially meaningful and culturally resilient despite modern socio-religious transformations. Recommendations: The study recommends the documentation and preservation of indigenous Ewe cosmological knowledge through academic and cultural institutions. It further recommends the integration of indigenous belief systems into educational curricula to promote cultural literacy and identity preservation. The study also advocates interfaith dialogue between Christian and traditional religious institutions to foster religious tolerance and mutual understanding. Finally, further research is recommended on the psychological, gendered, and urban-rural dimensions of reincarnation beliefs in Ghanaian society.