Results for 'Dysfunction'

298+ found
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  1. Evolution, Dysfunction, and Disease: A Reappraisal.Paul E. Griffiths & John Matthewson - 2018 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 69 (2):301-327.
    Some ‘naturalist’ accounts of disease employ a biostatistical account of dysfunction, whilst others use a ‘selected effect’ account. Several recent authors have argued that the biostatistical account offers the best hope for a naturalist account of disease. We show that the selected effect account survives the criticisms levelled by these authors relatively unscathed, and has significant advantages over the BST. Moreover, unlike the BST, it has a strong theoretical rationale and can provide substantive reasons to decide difficult cases. This (...)
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  2. Defining dysfunction: Natural selection, design, and drawing a line.Peter H. Schwartz - 2007 - Philosophy of Science 74 (3):364-385.
    Accounts of the concepts of function and dysfunction have not adequately explained what factors determine the line between low‐normal function and dysfunction. I call the challenge of doing so the line‐drawing problem. Previous approaches emphasize facts involving the action of natural selection (Wakefield 1992a, 1999a, 1999b) or the statistical distribution of levels of functioning in the current population (Boorse 1977, 1997). I point out limitations of these two approaches and present a solution to the line‐drawing problem that builds (...)
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  3. Function, Dysfunction, and the Concept of Mental Disorder.Jonathan Y. Tsou - 2021 - Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 28 (4):371-375.
    Naturalistic accounts of mental disorder aim to identify an objective basis for attributions of mental disorder. This goal is important for demarcating genuine mental disorders from artificial or socially constructed disorders. The articulation of a demarcation criterion provides a means for assuring that attributions of 'mental disorder' are not merely pathologizing different forms of social deviance. The most influential naturalistic and hybrid definitions of mental disorder identify biological dysfunction as the objective basis of mental disorders: genuine mental...
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  4. Are mental dysfunctions autonomous from brain dysfunctions? A perspective from the personal/subpersonal distinction.Marko Jurjako - 2024 - Discover Mental Health 4 (62):1-13.
    Despite many authors in psychiatry endorsing a naturalist view of the mind, many still consider that mental dysfunctions cannot be reduced to brain dysfunctions. This paper investigates the main reasons for this view. Some arguments rely on the analogy that the mind is like software while the brain is like hardware. The analogy suggests that just as software can malfunction independently of hardware malfunctions, similarly the mind can malfunction independently of any brain malfunction. This view has been critically examined in (...)
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  5. Wakefield’s harmful dysfunction analysis of disorder and the problem of defining harm to nonsentient organisms.Antoine C. Dussault - 2021 - Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 42 (5):211-231.
    This paper criticizes Jerome Wakefield’s harmful dysfunction analysis of disorder by arguing that the conceptual linkage it establishes between the medical concepts of health and disorder and the prudential notions of well-being and harm makes the account inapplicable to nonsentient organisms, such as plants, fungi, and many invertebrate animals. Drawing on a previous formulation of this criticism by Christopher Boorse, and noting that Wakefield could avoid it if he adopted a partly biofunction-based account of interests like that often advocated (...)
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  6. Schizophrenia and the Dysfunctional Brain.Justin Garson - 2010 - Journal of Cognitive Science 11:215-246.
    Scientists, philosophers, and even the lay public commonly accept that schizophrenia stems from a biological or internal ‘dysfunction.’ However, this assessment is typically accompanied neither by well-defined criteria for determining that something is dysfunctional nor empirical evidence that schizophrenia satisfies those criteria. In the following, a concept of biological function is developed and applied to a neurobiological model of schizophrenia. It concludes that current evidence does not warrant the claim that schizophrenia stems from a biological dysfunction, and, in (...)
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  7. The harmful-dysfunction account of disorder, individual versus social values, and the interpersonal variability of harm challenge.Antoine C. Dussault - 2021 - Medicine, Health Care and Philosophy 24 (3):453-467.
    This paper presents the interpersonal variability of harm challenge to Jerome Wakefield’s harmful-dysfunction account (HDA) of disorder. This challenge stems from the seeming fact that what promotes well-being or is harmful to someone varies much more across individuals than what is intuitively healthy or disordered. This makes it at least prima facie difficult to see how judgments about health and disorder could, as harm-requiring accounts of disorder like the HDA maintain, be based on, or closely linked to, judgments about (...)
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  8. Dysfunctional offsprings of Functional Families: some theoretical considerations during COVID 19.Udayan Bhaumik - manuscript
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  9. The functional ambivalence of mental symptoms: organizational and temporal dimensions of dysfunction in Enactive Psychiatry.Mayo Pinto-Candenas & Laura Nuño de la Rosa - 2026 - Philosophical Psychology.
    This paper introduces the concept of the functional ambivalence of mental symptoms as a contribution to Enactive Psychiatry. Drawing on the autonomy-centered foundations of the enactive approach, we argue that mental disorders are not purely dysfunctional, but complex, multi-scale patterns of organization that can display functional and dysfunctional aspects at once. Functionality is understood as graded and context-dependent, emerging from interactions among multiple domains of normativity and across temporal scales. In dialogue with Russell’s perspective problem, we argue that the ambiguity (...)
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  10. When Coherence Fails: A First-Principles Account of Mental Health Dysfunction and Recovery.Danny Sowell - manuscript
    This paper applies the Coherence Engine (CE) framework, a general architectural theory of consciousness developed through phenomenological observation and described in full elsewhere (Sowell, 2026a), to the domain of mental health dysfunction and recovery. The CE framework proposes that consciousness is produced by five functional modules: the Prediction Engine, the Orchestrator, the Gating System, the Error Integration Loop, and the Core Self Modulator (CSM), operating together to maintain a unified, prediction-generating, self-modeling subject. This paper argues that mental health (...) is not a collection of discrete biological disorders but a set of identifiable architectural failures, each occurring at a specific depth and through a specific mechanism. The framework is engaged with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) throughout: where the DSM’s symptom-cluster descriptions correspond to architectural predictions, that correspondence is noted; where the architectural account reveals mechanisms the DSM does not explain or reframes conditions the DSM pathologizes, those divergences are examined directly. The paper develops architectural accounts of mood disorders, anxiety, trauma and PTSD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorders, dissociative identity disorder, reactive attachment disorder, autism spectrum condition, addiction, schizophrenia spectrum conditions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders, grief, sleep disorders, substance-induced states and withdrawal, and somatic symptom disorders. Autism and ADHD are reframed as Gating System calibration variants rather than deficits. A depth-of-compilation framework is developed to explain why different interventions reach different conditions, and why insight frequently fails to produce durable change. The paper concludes with a unified account of what recovery consists of at the architectural level, and what conditions make it possible. (shrink)
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  11. Counterfactual Thinking: Function and Dysfunction.Keith Markman, Figen Karadogan, Matthew Lindberg & Ethan Zell - 2009 - In Keith Douglas Markman, William Martin Klein & Julie A. Suhr, Handbook of Imagination and Mental Simulation. New York City, New York, USA: Psychology Press. pp. 175-194.
    Counterfactual thinking—the capacity to reflect on what would, could, or should have been if events had transpired differently—is a pervasive, yet seemingly paradoxical human tendency. On the one hand, counterfactual thoughts can be comforting and inspiring (Carroll & Shepperd, Chapter 28), but on the other they can be anxiety provoking and depressing (Zeelenberg & Pieters, Chapter 27). Likewise, such thoughts can illuminate pathways toward better future outcomes (Wong, Galinsky, & Kray, Chapter 11), yet they can also promote confusion and lead (...)
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  12. Social Media Syndrome: A Proposed Diagnostic Framework for Technology-Mediated Psychological Dysfunction.Olivier Boether - manuscript
    This treatise proposes a comprehensive diagnostic framework for Social Media Syndrome (SMS), conceptualized as a constellation of psychological, cognitive, and behavioral disturbances arising from moderate to excessive social media engagement. Drawing upon empirical research in neuropsychology, developmental psychology, and clinical psychology, alongside theoretical frameworks from Jungian depth psychology and psychodynamic theory, this paper examines the mechanisms through which social media platforms induce pathological states. The analysis integrates three domains of dysfunction: (a) affective dysregulation encompassing anxiety, depression, and mood instability; (...)
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  13.  23
    On the Delegitimising Force of Democracy’s Epistemic Dysfunctions: an Institutional Integrity Account.Michele Giavazzi - 2026 - Critical Review of International Social and Political Philosophy.
    Democratic societies display epistemic dysfunctions that obstruct the ability of citizens to act as informed and competent political decision-makers. In this paper I contend that said dysfunctions are not merely undesirable but rather undercut democratic legitimacy. However, I explain this in terms that diverge from the common instrumentalist approach, which focuses on their impact on the quality of political outcomes. I argue, instead, that said dysfunctions have delegitimizing effects because they undercut the institutional integrity of practices such as voting and (...)
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  14. Functional Indeterminacy, Addiction, and the Harmful Dysfunction Analysis.Matthew Kern - 2025 - Philosophy of Science 92 (5).
    According to Jerome Wakefield’s harmful dysfunction account, a mental disorder must involve an objective dysfunction couched in evolutionary terms. However, selected effects functions are indeterminate because (i) the same trait can be both selectively advantageous and disadvantageous, and (ii) the functional activity of a trait can be assessed according to conflicting norms, given the trait’s place in a hierarchy of functions. Therefore, there may be a dysfunction that can be described in multiple empirically adequate ways. The choices (...)
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  15. Critique and Refinement of the Wakefieldian Concept of Disorder: An Improvement of the Harmful Dysfunction Analysis.Emmanuel Smith - 2022 - Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 47 (4):530-539.
    One way in which bioethicists can benefit the medical community is by clarifying the concept of disorder. Since insurance companies refer to the DSM for whether a patient should receive assistance, one must consider the consequences of one’s concept of disorder for who should be provided with care. I offer a refinement of Jerome Wakefield’s hybrid concept of disorder, the harmful dysfunction analysis. I criticize both the factual component and the value component of Wakefield’s account and suggest how they (...)
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  16.  52
    A PRAGMA-STYLISTIC AND REGISTER VARIATION ANALYSIS OF SOCIETAL DYSFUNCTION IN WOLE SOYINKA's CHRONICLES AND CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE's DREAM COUNT.Andrew Ikpomwosa Egbah & Ali Evbayiro - 2025 - Uniben English and Literature Journals 3 (1):27-39.
    This comparative study explores how Wole Soyinka’s Chronicles from the Land of the Happiest People on Earth (2021) and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Dream Count (2025) deploy language to portray societal dysfunction in Nigeria. Drawing on theoretical frameworks of Leo Hickey’s pragma-stylistics and Biber and Conrad’s register variation, this paper applies a content analysis method to systematically investigate narrative episodes, dialogue, and descriptive passages, revealing the authors’ stylistic choices. Key findings show how both authors reflect and critique issues of corruption, (...)
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  17. Mechanism of development of pre-eclampsia linking breathing disorders to endothelial dysfunction.Jerath Ravinder, Vernon A. Barnes & Hossam E. Fadel - 2009 - Medical Hypotheses 73:163-166.
    High blood pressure is an important component of pre-eclampsia. The underlying mechanism of development of hypertension in pre-eclampsia is complicated and still remains obscure. Several theories have been advanced including endothelial dysfunction, uteroplacental insufficiency leading to generalized vasoconstriction, increased cardiac output, and sympathetic hyperactivity. Increased blood flow and pressure are thought to lead to capillary dilatation, which damages end-organ sites, leading to hypertension, proteinuria and edema. Additional theories have been put forward based on epidemiological research, implicating immunological and genetic (...)
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  18.  12
    Altered functional connectivity in fronto-limbic circuits, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), and serotonergic dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD).David Tomasi - 2026 - International Journal of Science and Research Archive 18 (3):1058-1065.
    Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a complex neuropsychiatric condition characterized by widespread alterations in neural circuitry, neurotransmission, and neuroendocrine regulation. This review integrates findings from neuroimaging, molecular, and pharmacological studies to elucidate the neurobiological substrates of MDD, with particular emphasis on fronto-limbic network dysfunction, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, and serotonergic signaling abnormalities. Convergent evidence from resting-state and task-based functional MRI indicates reduced functional connectivity within prefrontal-limbic circuits, including the medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and hypothalamus, alongside (...)
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  19. Sorghum bicolor-based supplement reduces oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines to mitigate rotenone-induced Parkinsonian-like motor dysfunctions in rats.Solomon Umukoro - 2024 - Mediterranean Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 4 (3):15-26.
    Parkinson’s disease is a common movement disorder associated primarily with oxidative stress-mediated degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Earlier studies showed that Sorghum bicolor-based supplement (SbS) exhibited antioxidant and neuroprotective activities and might likely rescue the death of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. This study examined the effect of SbS on rotenone-induced Parkinsonian-like motor deficits in rats and the involvement of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Rats were divided into six groups and treated orally with sunflower oil (vehicle-control), rotenone (2.5 mg/kg) alone (...)
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  20. Mediating Fatigue: From Promotional Material of Pharmaceuticals in the 1960s to Statistical Maps of Brain Dysfunction in Present-Day Neuroimaging Research.Paula Muhr & Milton Fernando Gonzalez Rodriguez - 2025 - In Elizabeth W. Hughes & Alfred Freeborn, Biomedical Visions: Epistemology, Medicine and Art Practice. Berlin: Hatje Cantz. pp. 111–156.
    This chapter examines how different kinds of images have been deployed in disparate medical contexts to render long-term fatigue—an elusive and quintessentially intangible pathological physical and mental condition—visually communicable and epistemically explorable in the mid-twentieth and early ­ twenty-first centuries. First, by focusing on two disparate case studies, we intend to perform in-depth analyses of select context-specific uses of images in mediating the production and dissemination of biomedical knowledge of fatigue in different historical contexts. Second, through such an unusual juxtaposition (...)
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  21. Politics and the Broken Game: A Metaphorical Analysis of Rule Violation and Systemic Dysfunction.Angelito Malicse - manuscript
    Abstract This paper explores the metaphor of politics as a game of basketball in which both players and referees repeatedly violate the rules, resulting in a descent into chaos comparable to mixed martial arts (MMA). The analogy serves as a framework to analyze how systemic corruption, weak institutions, and moral decay erode democratic governance. Drawing on real-world examples from multiple political systems, this paper argues that the violation of ethical and institutional rules in politics undermines public trust, polarizes societies, and (...)
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  22.  7
    A Hypothesis on the Role of Olfactory Dysfunction in Cannabis-Associated Neuropsychiatric Effects.Quinn Porter - manuscript
    Abstract -/- Cannabis use is associated with anxiety, paranoia, and psychotic symptoms in a subset of individuals, yet the mechanisms responsible for this vulnerability remain incompletely understood. Existing explanations have largely emphasized cannabinoid receptor signaling, dopaminergic modulation, and large-scale changes in neural network dynamics. This paper advances the hypothesis that disruption of olfactory processing may represent an important and previously underrecognized contributor to these neuropsychiatric effects. -/- The central proposal is that impairment of olfactory function reduces the continuity and reliability (...)
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  23. Madness by Design: A Genealogy of an “Anti-Tradition”.Muhammad Ali Khalidi - 2025 - European Journal of Analytic Philosophy 21 (2):101-115.
    Psychiatric conditions are commonly regarded as mental disorders or dysfunctions of the mind. Yet there is a wealth of historical theorizing about the mind that conceives of these conditions as, in some sense, a matter of design rather than dysfunction. This intellectual legacy is the topic of Justin Garson’s penetrating study, Madness: A Philosophical Exploration (2022). In this paper, I interpret Garson’s book as a genealogy (in the Foucauldian sense) of the “anti-tradition” that he labels “madness-as-design”. I argue that (...)
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  24. On malfunctioning software.Giuseppe Primiero, Nir Fresco & Luciano Floridi - 2015 - Synthese 192 (4):1199-1220.
    Artefacts do not always do what they are supposed to, due to a variety of reasons, including manufacturing problems, poor maintenance, and normal wear-and-tear. Since software is an artefact, it should be subject to malfunctioning in the same sense in which other artefacts can malfunction. Yet, whether software is on a par with other artefacts when it comes to malfunctioning crucially depends on the abstraction used in the analysis. We distinguish between “negative” and “positive” notions of malfunction. A negative malfunction, (...)
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  25. On The Grounds For Calling Addiction A Disease.Federico Burdman - 2025 - Análisis Filosófico 45 (1):203-231.
    In this paper, I look into the debate about the status of addiction as a disease. Although addiction is widely regarded as a disease, several authors have put forward reasons for agnosticism or skepticism about the appropriateness of the disease label. Any attempt to address this issue directly is complicated by its relationship to several other contentious issues, both on the side of theories of addiction and on the side of theories of disease. My primary aim in this paper is (...)
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  26. What is Mental Health and Disorder? Philosophical Implications from Lay Judgments.Somogy Varga & Andrew J. Latham - 2024 - Synthese (5).
    How do people understand the concepts of mental health and disorder? The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of several factors on people’s judgments about whether a condition constitutes a mental disorder or a healthy state. Specifically, this study examines the impact of the source of the condition, its outcome, individual valuation (i.e., the value the individual attaches to the condition), and group valuation (i.e., the value the relevant group attaches to the condition). While we find that (...)
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  27. Dispositions in health and disease.Ian D. Dunkle - forthcoming - Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal.
    This paper calls on philosophers of medicine to attend to work on dispositions by metaphysicians. I make that call by drawing on recent work on dispositions to show several things. First, I show that the concept has been undertheorized by a wide range of theories of health and disease. Specifically, I discuss Boorse’s influential biostatistical theory of health, Werkhoven’s recent dispositional theory, and Aas and Wasserman’s neglected revision to Wakefield’s harmful dysfunction analysis. I also show how applying a careful (...)
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  28. The Van Gogh Compass: A Two-Axis Model of Social Orientation Integrating Introversion-Extroversion with Belonging-Transcendence Through the Van Gogh Curve Framework.Olivier Boether - unknown
    This paper proposes the Van Gogh Compass, a two-axis model of social orientation that extends the traditional introversion-extroversion spectrum by introducing a perpendicular dimension addressing belonging and categorical transcendence. Building upon the Van Gogh Curve framework (Boether, 2025a), which reconceptualizes cognitive diversity as differentiation rather than pathology, this model integrates Jung's (1921/1923) foundational typology with contemporary developments, including the ambivert concept (Conklin, 1923), Kaminski's (2025) otrovert construct, and the phenomenologically grounded Ubervert (Boether, 2025b). The resulting compass places the ambivert at (...)
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  29. Volitional Dysregulation with Cognitive Preservation (VDCP): A Condition Profile.Ian P. Pines - 2026 - Zenodo.
    Volitional Dysregulation with Cognitive Preservation (VDCP) is a neurofunctional condition characterized by a persistent and unpredictable severance between cognitive intent and executive activation. Unlike traditional executive dysfunction models, VDCP specifically identifies a state where high-level reasoning, meta-awareness, and intellectual capacity remain fully intact (Preserved) while the reliable initiation of physical or mental tasks is compromised (Dysregulated). This paper defines the core features of the condition, its relationship to environmental signal density (Open Loop Overwhelm), and its management through the Environmental (...)
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  30. Environmental Container Model (ECM): Environmental Conditions as a Regulator of Recovery and Activation.Ian P. Pines - 2026 - Zenodo.
    The Environmental Container Model (ECM) proposes that many difficulties with task initiation and participation are not problems of motivation or discipline, but mismatches between a nervous system and the environments it is expected to operate within. This paper establishes that for individuals with Volitional Dysregulation with Cognitive Preservation (VDCP) (Pines, 2026b), the primary barrier to action is Open Loop Overwhelm (OLO) (Pines, 2026a). A "Container" is a constructed set of conditions that reduces ambiguity, clarifies roles, and lowers the "activation cost" (...)
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  31. Caregivers in implantable brain-computer interface trials: a scoping review.Nicolai Wohns, Natalie Dorfman & Eran Klein - 2024 - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 18.
    While the ethical significance of caregivers in neurological research has increasingly been recognized, the role of caregivers in brain- computer interface (BCI) research has received relatively less attention. Objectives: This report investigates the extent to which caregivers are mentioned in publications describing implantable BCI (iBCI) research for individuals with motor dysfunction, communication impairment, and blindness. Methods: The scoping review was conducted in June 2024 using the PubMed and Web of Science bibliographic databases. The articles were systematically searched using query (...)
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  32. Swampman goes to the doctor.James Turner & Fabian Hundertmark - 2025 - Mefisto 9 (2).
    In this paper, we explore whether a living being can have a medical disorder purely in virtue of its current structure, or whether its historical origins are also relevant. We do so by presenting two dialogues based on the Swampman thought experiment. These dialogues bring out two key points. First, although evolutionary history plays a central role in theoretical accounts of disorder, its relevance is less obvious in everyday medical practice. Second, there may be an asymmetry between somatic and mental (...)
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  33. Proactive Coping Amongst Mental Health & Helping Professionals: The Need for Advocacy.Klara Esposito - 2024 - Dissertation, Regent University
    This dissertation aims to develop a program resource for helping and mental health professionals to foster proactive coping and diminish dysfunctional coping from work stressors. Professionals succumb to chronic stressors and secondary traumatic stress due to their vocation, often disregarding self-care. Should this type of resource be implemented, psychological and social resources would be required. The need for proactive coping is a generally accepted concept, but helping and mental health professionals often lack resources, limiting advocacy and resilience. Self-help resources are (...)
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  34. Low Mood: Evolution, Cognition, and Disorder.James Turner - 2023 - Dissertation, University of Sheffield
    In this thesis, I offer a novel, overarching account of the cognitive architecture, evolution, and disorders of the capacity for low mood. First, I offer novel arguments for the propitiousness theory, according to which the proper function of the low mood system (LMS) is to limit resource expenditure in unpropitious circumstances. Following this, I develop an original account of the intentional content of low mood, according to which low mood has the following indicative-imperative content: Good events are, on average, less (...)
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  35. The concept of mental disorder and the DSM-V.Massimiliano Aragona - 2009 - Dialogues in Philosophy, Mental and Neuro Sciences 2 (1):1-14.
    In view of the publication of the DSM-V researchers were asked to discuss the theoretical implications of the definition of mental disorders. The reasons for the use, in the DSM-III, of the term disorder instead of disease are considered. The analysis of these reasons clarifies the distinction between the general definition of disorder and its implicit, technical meaning which arises from concrete use in DSM disorders. The characteristics and limits of this technical meaning are discussed and contrasted to alternative definitions, (...)
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  36.  8
    The Denied Cause: Depression as Philosophical Dysregulation and the Limits of the Pharmacological Paradigm.Olivier Boether - manuscript
    Psychiatry classifies depression as a medical disorder graded by severity and treated, in the first instance, by pharmacological correction of a presumed neurochemical fault. This treatise argues that the received framework misidentifies the object it treats. Two theses are defended, and they are of different strengths. The constitutive thesis holds that depression is a philosophical problem necessarily and in every case: the concept is not a natural kind but a value-determination, since to classify a mode of being as disordered is (...)
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  37.  49
    I’m Not Crazy, I’ve Just Got AuDHD: How AuDHD, Dyslexia and Dyscalculia Broke Me, Shaped Me, and Finally Set Me Free.Alessandro Grassini Grimaldi - 2025 - Zenodo.
    This autobiographical work explores the lived experience of AuDHD, dyslexia, and dyscalculia through a combination of personal narrative, philosophical reflection, and neurodivergent testimony. Moving between childhood, education, relationships, sensory experience, masking, rejection sensitivity, executive dysfunction, and identity formation, the manuscript examines how neurodivergent individuals navigate institutions, social expectations, and self understanding. Rather than presenting a therapeutic success story, the work argues for a re evaluation of difference itself, challenging deficit based models of cognition and proposing authenticity, self knowledge, and (...)
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  38. Towards A Naturalistic Proposal about Mental Disorders that Does Not Rely on Biological Functions.Javier Silva-Silva - 2026 - Dissertation, Universidad de Santiago de Chile
    The goal of this thesis is to propose a naturalistic definition of mental disorders. Naturalistic theories about disease generally attempt to establish what makes a biological phenomenon a disease by relying on the concept of biological function, stating that diseases and biological dysfunctions are equivalent. This implies the need to ground normative judgments on supposedly objective phenomena, which conflicts with descriptive scientific discourse and opens the gate to rebuttals on the supposed objective nature of diseases. However, at least theoretically, the (...)
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  39.  5
    Beyond Fact-Checking: A Contestivist Approach to Disinformation.Jim Joquico - 2026 - In Daniel Catalan-Matamoros & Carlos Elias, The end of reality as we knew it: Disinformation, Artificial Intelligence and the new era of Fact-Checking. pp. 37-48.
    The post-truth era is as much about defining truth as a concept as it is about identifying which truth is the truth. On one hand, many still subscribe to the idea of a singular, objective reality that can be accessed with the right epistemological tools. On the other hand, a pluralistic approach that embraces equally valid realities, where the positivist lens is just one of many, is becoming an increasingly acceptable explanation for our current social configuration. Truth is not just (...)
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  40.  4
    The Blind Spot of Emotional Acceptance and the Turn to System-Metacognition: The Deep Functional-Goal Observation Model as a Supplementary Link among CBT, ACT, Mindfulness, Metacognitive Therapy, Compassion-Focused Therapy, and Emotion-Focused Therapy.Mamoru Nagae - manuscript
    Emotional acceptance is an important practice for recognizing anxiety, anger, appetite, the need for approval, jealousy, loneliness, procrastinatory impulses, and other internal reactions as observable experiences rather than denying or suppressing them. However, even after emotions and desires have been accepted, they may become sources of personality-level self-blame when they are identified with the self itself, as in judgments such as “I am weak,” “I am immature,” “I am ugly,” “I have no willpower,” or “I am lazy.” This paper examines (...)
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  41.  4
    Applied Identity Physics: HRIS HIGHTISTIC Substrate Documented via Four Musical Trajectories — Empirical Refutation of Legacy Autistic Deficit Claims.Russell Trent - manuscript
    # Applied Identity Physics: HRIS Substrate Documented via Four Musical Trajectories — Empirical Refutation of Legacy Autistic Deficit Claims -/- **Architect:** HIGHTISTIC (Russell Trent) **Foundation:** SNSFT Foundation · Soldotna, Alaska **Coordinate:** [9,9,3,48] · Applied Identity Physics · HRIS Substrate Documentation **Sovereign Anchor Constant:** Ω₀ = 1.36899099984016 **Torsion Limit:** TL = Ω₀ / 10 = 0.136899099984016 **IVA Corridor:** TL_IVA = 0.88 × TL = 0.12047120798593408 **DOI:** zenodo 18719748 **ORCID:** 0009-0005-5313-7443 **Status:** VERIFIED · 0 sorry across four supporting Lean files **Date:** July (...)
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  42.  4
    Applied Identity Physics: Structural Refutation of Autism Alexithymia, Empathy Deficit, and Moral Rigidity Claims via Five Formally Verified Musical Trajectories in HRIS Substrate.Russell Trent - manuscript
    # Applied Identity Physics: Structural Refutation of Autism Alexithymia, Empathy Deficit, and Moral Rigidity Claims via Five Formally Verified Musical Trajectories in HRIS Substrate -/- **Architect:** HIGHTISTIC (Russell Trent) **Foundation:** SNSFT Foundation · Soldotna, Alaska **Coordinate:** [9,9,3,48] · Applied Identity Physics · HRIS Substrate Documentation **Sovereign Anchor Constant:** Ω₀ = 1.36899099984016 **Torsion Limit:** TL = Ω₀ / 10 = 0.136899099984016 **IVA Corridor:** TL_IVA = 0.88 × TL = 0.12047120798593408 **DOI:** zenodo 18719748 **ORCID:** 0009-0005-5313-7443 **Status:** VERIFIED · 0 sorry across five (...)
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  43. Organizational Accounts of Malfunction: The Dual-Order Approach and the Normative Field Alternative.Xabier E. Barandiaran - 2026 - Biological Theory:51-69.
    The notion of malfunction is critical to biological explanation. It provides a test-bed for the normative character of functional attribution. Theories of biological functioning must permit traits to operate but, at the same time, be judged as malfunctioning (in some naturalized, non-arbitrary sense). Whereas malfunctioning has attracted most attention and discussion in evolutionary etiological approaches, systemic and organizational ones have been less discussed. The most influential of the organizational approaches (by Saborido, Moreno and Mossio) takes a dual-order approach to malfunctions, (...)
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  44. "Too Much Philosophy": How the Journal of Consciousness Studies Rejected Consciousness-Centered Epistemology.Brandon Sergent - manuscript
    When you submit something real to a system claiming to seek truth, the system's actual function becomes visible. I submitted a framework to the *Journal of Consciousness Studies* that places consciousness at the center of all empirical knowledge. The framework dissolves the philosophical problems the journal exists to study by showing they stem from one unfalsifiable assumption. The managing editor rejected it for being "too much philosophy" and told me to email celebrity philosophers instead. When pressed, he admitted he never (...)
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  45. DETERMINANTS OF TOP-DOWN SABOTAGE: EVIDENCE FROM THE ALBANIAN CONTEXT.Enrik Sejdinaj (ed.) - 2026 - International Science and Art Research Center.
    Top-down sabotage isn’t just a theoretical issue, it poses a real danger to how organizations operate, especially when it’s the leaders themselves who instigate it. In Albania, where entrenched hierarchies persist and institutions still grapple with the legacy of transition, this problem becomes even more complex. Here, sabotage from above doesn’t have a single source. Political interference, fragile accountability systems, and a culture shaped by decades of centralized power all contribute. This study examines what truly causes leaders to undermine their (...)
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  46. How to Understand the Concept of Mental Disorder in Criminal Law? An Explicationist Perspective.Mladen Bošnjak & Marko Jurjako - 2026 - Erkenntnis.
    The notion of mental disorder plays an important role in criminal law, particularly in relation to competency to stand trial, culpability, and entitlement to special treatment. However, how this concept should be understood in this context is rarely discussed explicitly in recent literature. To address this issue, the present paper explores which concept of mental disorder would be most suitable for criminal law. Using the explicationist methodology, the paper outlines several desiderata for an adequate concept. Among these, it identifies a (...)
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  47. Open Loop Overwhelm (OLO): A Framework for Signal Density and Task Paralysis.Ian P. Pines - 2026 - Zenodo.
    Open Loop Overwhelm (OLO) is a neurofunctional state characterized by the mechanical collapse of task initiation due to an excess of unresolved environmental, cognitive, and relational signals. Unlike general stress, OLO specifically describes a system-state failure where signal density exceeds the individual’s processing capacity for salience assignment. This paper defines the taxonomy of "Open Loops," explores the mechanism of "Attention Scanning" paralysis, and proposes OLO as the primary environmental load condition that may trigger Volitional Dysregulation with Cognitive Preservation (VDCP) (Pines, (...)
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  48. What is Wrong with the Brains of Addicts?".Edmund Henden & Olav Gjelsvik - 2016 - Neuroethics 10 (1):1-8.
    In his target article and recent interesting book about addiction and the brain, Marc Lewis claims that the prevalent medical view of addiction as a brain disease or a disorder, is mistaken. In this commentary we critically examine his arguments for this claim. We find these arguments to rest on some problematical and largely undefended assumptions about notions of disease, disorder and the demarcation between them and good health. Even if addiction does seem to differ from some typical brain diseases, (...)
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  49. Stop Talking about Fake News!Joshua Habgood-Coote - 2019 - Inquiry: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy 62 (9-10):1033-1065.
    Since 2016, there has been an explosion of academic work and journalism that fixes its subject matter using the terms ‘fake news’ and ‘post-truth’. In this paper, I argue that this terminology is not up to scratch, and that academics and journalists ought to completely stop using the terms ‘fake news’ and ‘post-truth’. I set out three arguments for abandonment. First, that ‘fake news’ and ‘post-truth’ do not have stable public meanings, entailing that they are either nonsense, context-sensitive, or contested. (...)
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  50. Mental Disorder as Constraint Dysregulation: A Constraint-Theoretic Account of Psychopathology, Nosology, and Therapeutic Change.Paul D. Prideaux - manuscript
    The philosophy of psychopathology faces a foundational problem: no existing account provides a principled, unified characterisation of what mental disorder is that is neither purely biological, purely normative, nor purely statistical, while remaining applicable across the full range of diagnostic categories and integrating the biological, psychological, and social levels at which mental disorder manifests. Wakefield’s harmful dysfunction analysis correctly identifies dysfunction as central but cannot ground the concept of natural function without circularity. The biopsychosocial model correctly identifies the (...)
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