Abstract

Within Jainism, an ancient Indian religion based on nonviolence (ahiṃsā), non-possessiveness (aparigraha), and austerity, farming and flora have a complicated and nuanced place. Although the teachings of Jainism emphasize compassion for all living things (Jain 2021), Jains have moral issues when it comes to farming because it involves harming insects, soil organisms, and plants. Although no Jain would imagine slaughtering their livestock to sell meat, tilling the land to grow food may or may not be considered violent, as we will see in this essay. This study investigates how Jains reconcile their agricultural practices with religious teachings by examining the historical, theological, and cultural viewpoints on flora and farming. This article sheds light on Jainism's distinctive response to agricultural life's ethical and environmental challenges by examining scriptures, moral discourse, and modern practices around vegetation. The essay's final section explores a related issue of plants and trees. It emphasizes how deeply Jainism reveres plants and trees, seeing them as representations of spiritual power, patience, and optimism. All 24 Tīrthaṅkaras, fordmakers, achieved enlightenment under certain tree species, each of which is named and revered. As part of Jain-ism's spiritual and ethical obligation, the section demonstrates environmental preservation and tree planting, encouraging sensitivity toward nature.