2028 United States presidential election


Presidential elections are scheduled to be held in the United States on November 7, 2028, to elect the president and vice president for a term of four years. In the 2024 elections, then-former president Donald Trump won a non-consecutive second term. The Republican Party retained its majority in the House of Representatives and gained control of the Senate. Trump is ineligible for a third term, as the term limits imposed by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibit presidents from being elected more than twice.

Background

The Republican Party returned to power in the United States in January 2025 with a government trifecta—controlling the Senate, House of Representatives, and the presidency—following the 2024 elections. Donald Trump, who was elected president in 2016 before losing a re-election bid in 2020 to Joe Biden, defeated Vice President Kamala Harris, who began [Kamala Harris Ron DeSantis 2024 presidential campaign|2024 presidential campaign|her campaign] following Biden's withdrawal from his re-election bid. Trump's victory was credited to a post-pandemic surge in inflation, a migrant crisis at the U.S.–Mexico border, and a global anti-incumbent backlash. In March 2024, the Supreme Court unanimously ruled in Trump v. Anderson that former president Donald Trump could seek office after challenges to his ballot eligibility were raised by several state attorneys general.
This election also saw JD Vance, a senator from Ohio, defeat Minnesota governor Tim Walz for the vice presidency. In addition, Republicans secured control of the Senate, flipping four seats and earning a three-seat majority, while also retaining a House majority, though the party's majority narrowed to three seats after losing two seats.

Electoral system

The president and vice president of the United States are elected through the Electoral College, determined by the number of senators and representatives with an additional three representatives for Washington, D.C. A majority of 270 votes is needed to win the election. Forty-eight states use a winner-take-all system, in which states award all of their electors to the winner of the popular vote. In Maine and Nebraska, two votes are allocated to the winner of the popular vote, while each of the individual congressional districts have one vote. Electoral votes are certified by state electors in December and by Congress on January 6. Presidential candidates are selected in a presidential primary, conducted through primary elections run by state governments or caucuses run by state parties which bind convention delegates to candidates. A brokered convention occurs when a candidate does not receive a majority of votes on the first round of voting, or when a candidate withdraws.
Election Day in the United States is held on the first Tuesday that falls after the first Monday in November. The 2028 presidential election will occur on November 7, 2028.

Eligibility

The United States Constitution limits occupancy of the presidency to individuals who are at least thirty-five, who have been a resident in the United States for at least fourteen years, and who are a natural-born citizen. Section three of the Fourteenth Amendment prevents current and former federal, state, and military officials from holding office—including the presidency—if they have "engaged in insurrection or rebellion" against the United States. A convicted felon may serve as president.
Incumbent president Trump, along with former presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama, are ineligible to be elected to a third term, as the Twenty-second Amendment prohibits any person from being elected president more than twice.

Trump's suggestions on running for a third term

Since beginning his second term in January 2025, Trump has floated the possibility of seeking a third term upon the 2028 United States presidential election on November 7, 2028. On October 27, 2025, Trump said that he would "love to do it". Trump did rule out a run for vice president, stating that it "wouldn't be right". A hypothetical third term would give Trump an additional four more years of presidency after 2028, which would last through the 2032 United States presidential election which will be held on November 2, 2032. However, the possibility of a third term is unconstitutional under the Twenty-second Amendment, barring all former and current presidents from seeking more than two terms in office. If Trump intends to have the amendment repealed, he would have to either require approval from two-thirds of both the House of Representatives and the Senate, or he would need a constitutional convention called by two-thirds of state legislatures, a process viewed by experts as extremely unlikely.
In January 2025, Tennessee representative Andy Ogles proposed a resolution to amend the Twenty-second Amendment, allowing for presidents who have served two non-consecutive terms to seek a third term. The amendment would not permit living presidents Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, or Barack Obama to run for a third term, due to the allowed third term being contingent on the first two being served non-consecutively. Trump is the only living president to have served two non-consecutive terms. At CPAC 2025, conservative groups, such as the Third Term Project, supported Ogles' resolution and promoted the idea of Trump running for what is currently an unconstitutional third term. In response, New York Democratic representative Dan Goldman planned to introduce a resolution affirming the Twenty-second Amendment.
In March, Trump floated the possibility of serving a third term in an interview with NBC News, saying "A lot of people want me to do it. But, I mean, I basically tell them we have a long way to go, you know, it's very early in the administration. I'm focused on the current." He added that "there are methods" to run for a third term and that he was "not joking". On April 24, 2025, multiple news outlets reported that the Trump store was selling "Trump 2028" hats.
In a May interview with NBC News, Trump said he would make it his goal to only serve two terms and named JD Vance and Marco Rubio as potential successors.
Trump said in an August interview on CNBC's Squawk Box that he would "probably not" run for a third term, though he would like to. Later that month, Trump quipped that he could cancel the 2028 elections if the United States was at war. During a meeting before the 2025 government shutdown with Hakeem Jeffries and Chuck Schumer, Trump had red hats with Trump 2028 emblazoned on the front. Jeffries later spoke after Trump posted an AI-generated video to Truth Social of him throwing the hats at Jeffries, indicating the hats had appeared on the desk during the meeting and when he asked JD Vance if Vance had a problem with it, Vance responded "No comment". Steve Bannon stated in an October 2025 interview that there were "alternatives" to ensuring Trump would be on the ballot in 2028. While speaking to reporters in late October 2025, Trump refused to rule out a third term presidential bid for himself, but ruled out the possibility of running as a vice presidential candidate. In late December 2025, political donor Miriam Adelson pledged $250 million to Trump to help him run for a third term. That same month, Trump privately discussed running for a third term with his former lawyer Alan Dershowitz. In January 2026, Trump posted to Truth Social, asking whether he should "try for a fourth term".

Electoral map

Most U.S. states are usually not highly competitive in presidential elections, often voting consistently for the same party due to longstanding demographic and ideological differences. In the Electoral College, this results in major-party candidates primarily focusing their campaigns on swing states, which can swing between parties from election to election. These states are critical for a presidential candidate's path to victory. For 2028, the expected swing states likely include the Rust Belt states of Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Michigan, and the Sun Belt states of Arizona, Georgia, Nevada, and North Carolina, all of which narrowly voted for Trump in 2024. Other possible swing states include traditional Democratic strongholds that shifted toward Trump and were only narrowly won by Harris in 2024: New Jersey and Minnesota; though 2025 polls show a reversal of pro-Trump trends.
States formerly considered swing states, such as Florida, Iowa, and Ohio, voted for Trump in all three of his previous election bids, as well as for Republican candidates in other state and federal elections, with increasing margins in each election and are now seen as solidly red states. Former red or swing states that, since 2008, have consistently voted Democratic include Colorado, New Hampshire, New Mexico, and Virginia. Due to its recent record of voting Democratic even during Republican national victories, Nebraska's 2nd congressional district has been called "the Blue Dot".

Republican Party primaries

Candidates

Expressed interest

Rand Paul
Rand Paul has served as a U.S. senator from Kentucky since 2011. His father, Ron Paul, is a former U.S. representative from Texas who sought the presidency on three separate occasions; once in 1988 with the Libertarian Party and twice with the Republican Party in 2008 and [Ron Paul Ron Paul 2012 presidential campaign|2012 presidential campaign|2012]. Rand Paul ran for president in 2016. A Libertarian Republican, Paul has generally been a supporter of Donald Trump since the latter first became president, but he has been a frequent critic of Trump on different occasions concerning mass deportations, foreign policy, tariffs, and Trump's attitude towards the constitution.
Paul has been described as a potential candidate in late May by CNN, which called him a senator with "2028 ambitions", outlining his critiques of Trump's One Big Beautiful Bill Act delivered in Iowa. During an event in Shepherdsville, Kentucky, in July 2025, Paul declined to rule out a run for president, expressing a desire for someone in the Republican Party who supports international trade. In September 2025, Paul expressed an interest in running for president in 2028 in multiple interviews.
Marco Rubio
Marco Rubio is the United States Secretary of State and served as a U.S. senator from Florida from 2011 to 2025. Rubio sought the Republican nomination for president of the United States in 2016, losing to Donald Trump. Six former secretaries of state have been elected president of the United States and Rubio has been mentioned as a potential candidate by CNN. President Trump later mentioned Rubio as a potential successor in May 2025. According to The Wall Street Journal, Rubio has considered running with JD Vance as his vice president, although it was later speculated in November that Vance and Rubio would likely run against each other. Other sources report Rubio acknowledging Vance as the clear front-runner for the nomination, and that he "will do anything he can just to support the vice president in that effort." In December 2025, it was reported that Vance was far ahead of Rubio in the presidential predictions market.
Eric Trump
Eric Trump is a businessman, activist, and former reality television presenter. He is the second son of President Trump. In June 2025, in an interview with the Financial Times, he left open the possibility of himself or a family member running in 2028, saying "the political path" for a family dynasty "would be an easy one" and that he could do the job "very effectively". In September 2025 in an interview with Nikkei Asia, Eric Trump again expressed his openness to run for president.
JD Vance
JD Vance has served as the vice president of the United States since 2025. He previously served as a U.S. senator from Ohio from 2023 to 2025. Trump mentioned Vance as a potential successor in May 2025. In an interview with NBC News, Vance said he does not think he is "entitled" to a presidential run in 2028 and said there was no bad blood between him and fellow potential candidate Rubio. According to some commentators, Vance would be the likely successor for Trump's presidency. In an interview in November 2025, he acknowledged that he thought about running for president in 2028 and planned to speak with President Trump about it after the midterms, but said he wants to focus on winning the midterms first. In December 2025, it was reported that Vance was a frontrunner in the presidential predictions market.

Speculated by the media

Ted Cruz
Ted Cruz has served as a United States senator from Texas since 2013 after being appointed as the 3rd Solicitor General of Texas by then Texas Attorney General and fellow potential candidate Greg Abbott, he served this role from 2003 to 2008. Initially reluctant to support Trump, Cruz has become a key Republican figure and a close ally of Trump. Cruz was born in Canada after his father, preacher Rafael Cruz, immigrated there from Cuba, though he is still able fulfill the natural-born citizen requirement due to his mother's American citizenship which he inherited. He now serves as the chair of the Senate Commerce Committee after serving as the ranking member from 2023 to 2025. The runner-up to Donald Trump in the 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Cruz has said that he expects to seek the presidency again at some point. He was mentioned as a potential candidate by CNN, Axios, and The Hill. In December 2025, The Washington Post reported that Cruz was considering a presidential campaign.
Ron DeSantis
Ron DeSantis has served as the governor of Florida since 2019 and previously ran for the Republican presidential nomination in 2024. He is barred by the state's constitution from seeking a third term as governor. He has been considered a possible candidate by CNN, and the Washington Examiner. In December 2025, it was reported that DeSantis was behind Rubio and Vance in the presidential predictions market.
Josh Hawley
Josh Hawley has served as a U.S. senator from Missouri since 2019, having previously served as the Missouri Attorney General from 2017 to 2019. He has been mentioned as a potential candidate by CNN, and more recently by Axios and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

Declined to be candidates

The following individuals have publicly denied interest in being a candidate:

Democratic Party primaries

Primary schedule

NBC News has reported that multiple DNC members are looking into changing the order of state primaries for the Democratic nomination. Chair of the Nebraska Democratic Party Jane Kleeb stated in November 2024 that "The 2024 calendar will absolutely not be the calendar for 2028." The DNC chose South Carolina to be the first primary in 2024. In December 2024, Ray Buckley, Chairman of the New Hampshire Democratic Party, announced his intention to work towards restoring New Hampshire's status as the first-in-the-nation Democratic presidential primary for the 2028 presidential nominating calendar. Democrats in Nevada have started a bid to hold the first-in-the-nation primary in 2028.
In 2023, the Democratic National Committee voted to strip Iowa of its first-in-the-nation presidential caucuses. In November 2024, after the presidential election, Scott Brennan, the only Iowan on the DNC Rules and Bylaws Committee at the time, said he still plans to fight for the return of the first-in-the-nation presidential caucus spot back to Iowa. In June 2025, Iowa's only seat on the DNC's Rules and Bylaws Committee, which determines the order of states in the presidential nominating process, was removed, and New Hampshire was awarded a second seat on the committee.
Ken Martin, the chair of the Democratic National Committee, said in an August 2025 NewsNation interview that the Rules and Bylaws Committee would discuss the 2028 primary calendar in a Minneapolis meeting later in the month.
Martin and other party officials, including Representative Jamie Raskin of Maryland, have discussed the possibility of using ranked-choice voting in the 2028 Democratic presidential primaries. Supporters argue that the system could reduce "wasted votes" and that it would encourage more positive campaigning. Sources such as Alaska Beacon indicated that it is possible to win an election without majority support. After Zohran Mamdani won the New York City Democratic mayoral primary, progressive voters have proposed that ranked-choice voting could be implemented.

Candidates

Expressed interest

Andy Beshear
Andy Beshear has served as the governor of Kentucky since 2019. He was previously on the shortlist to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election. In a May 2025 interview with WDRB, Beshear said he "would consider" running for president in 2028. He also mentioned running for president in a July interview with Vanity Fair, in an October interview with NPR, and during a visit to early primary state New Hampshire later that month. In a January 2026 profile in Politico, Beshear posited that his status as "a guy who has won three straight statewide elections in a Trump plus-30 state," made him the most electable candidate for Democrats.
Cory Booker
Cory Booker has served as a U.S. senator from New Jersey since 2013 and ran for the Democratic presidential nomination in [Cory Booker Bernie Sanders 2020 presidential campaign|2020 presidential campaign|2020]. He previously served as mayor of Newark, New Jersey from 2006 to 2013. On April 1, 2025, Booker broke the record for the longest Senate floor speech in protest against Donald Trump and Elon Musk, which GOP pollster Frank Luntz remarked positioned him as a party leader in the coming future. He has been considered a presidential candidate by The Birmingham News. In November 2025, during a visit to New Hampshire, Booker told Fox News, "Of course I'm thinking about it, I haven't ruled it out." with respect to a 2028 campaign, while saying he was focused on his re-election campaign in 2026.
Pete Buttigieg
Pete Buttigieg served as the United States Secretary of Transportation from 2021 to 2025. Prior to becoming Secretary of Transportation, he served as mayor of South Bend, Indiana, from 2012 to 2020. Buttigieg was thrust into the national spotlight with his 2020 presidential campaign, where he narrowly won the Iowa caucus and finished a close second in the New Hampshire primary, but ultimately dropped out after a poor performance in South Carolina. Buttigieg was also a contender to be Vice President Kamala Harris' running mate after she secured the Democratic nomination for president. If nominated, Buttigieg would be the first openly LGBT individual to receive the nomination of a major party in the United States. After Buttigieg's radio talk show appearances in New Hampshire and Cleveland to address infrastructure plans for the future, there had been speculation that Buttigieg might be making early campaign stops for the governor race in Michigan as well as the presidential election. NBC News reported in March that he did not intend to run for Senate, setting up a potential presidential bid.
In May 2025, in an interview with Anand Giridharadas, he confirmed he is considering a 2028 presidential run, saying he will "assess what I bring to the table and how it's different than the others." It was later reported that Buttigieg was leading polls in New Hampshire in October 2025.
Rahm Emanuel
Rahm Emanuel most recently served as United States ambassador to Japan from 2022 to 2025. He represented Illinois in the United States House of Representatives for three terms from 2003 to 2009. He was the White House Chief of Staff from 2009 to 2010 under President Barack Obama and served as mayor of Chicago from 2011 to 2019. In May 2025, Emanuel confirmed the speculation, saying "I am in training, I don't know if I'll make it to the Olympics". He has also been noted as expressing interest in The Atlantic and ''The Wall Street Journal.''
Josh Green
Josh Green has served as the 9th governor of Hawaii since 2022, and previously served as the 15th lieutenant governor and in both houses of the Hawaii Legislature. In an interview with NBC, Green explained that he is considering a presidential campaign, stating "Among governors, I think there are probably eight to 10 of us who are elevating in the public dialogue. I haven't made up my mind about what the future holds. I would be honored to help whomever. I might even become a potential candidate, but only if I've actually done a good job." Green also told the Associated Press in November 2025 that he is open to running but would rather support someone else.
Kamala Harris
Kamala Harris served as the first female vice president of the United States from 2021 to 2025. She became the party's nominee for president in the 2024 presidential election after President Joe Biden withdrew from the race, losing to Trump. Following the 2024 presidential election, Harris considered running for governor of California in 2026, but in July 2025 she opted not to. In a Chicago stop of her 107 Days book tour, Harris expressed uncertainty about running again. She later spoke with Laura Kuenssberg in an October 2025 interview on BBC News about potentially running for president again, stating "I am not done".
Mark Kelly
Mark Kelly has served as a U.S. senator from Arizona since 2020. He was previously on the shortlist to be the vice presidential nominee for the 2024 election, and was seen as a potential replacement for President Joe Biden before he withdrew from the race. He has been noted as a potential candidate by Axios and Politico, and declined to give an answer to whether he was running for president in a July 2025 interview with Jake Tapper. During a January 2026 interview with Aaron Parnas, Kelly confirmed he was considering a run for president. He reiterated that he was considering a presidential run in an interview with CNN several weeks later.
Gavin Newsom
Gavin Newsom has served as the governor of California since 2019. Newsom has been viewed as a contender for the 2028 presidential election by The New York Times and he was seen as a potential replacement for Biden after his withdrawal from the 2024 election by The New York Times. According to The New York Times, Newsom was considering a bid for the presidency by September 2023. After Newsom's response to the June 2025 Los Angeles protests, it was reported that his chances of being the 2028 Democratic nominee increased significantly. Newsom's chances reportedly rose further in August 2025, attributed to the Election Rigging Response Act and him mocking President Donald Trump on social media. In October 2025, in an interview with CBS News Sunday Morning, Newsom stated that after the 2026 midterm elections, he would give "serious thought" to it, adding, "Yeah, I'd be lying otherwise."

Speculated by the media

Phil Murphy
Phil Murphy served as the governor of New Jersey from 2018 to 2026. He previously served as U.S. ambassador to Germany from 2009 to 2013 under President Barack Obama. He has been considered a potential presidential candidate by NBC News and Axios. In December 2025, Murphy later confirmed that while he hadn't ruled out running for president in 2028, he claimed "I wouldn't put a lot of money on that."
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez has served as the representative of since 2019. Politico noted that Ocasio-Cortez "has a prominent following from younger, diverse people". Axios noted in April 2025 that Ocasio-Cortez has been "surging in early polling of potential 2028 presidential candidates". Despite this lead, it was later noted that the odds of other candidates such as Gavin Newsom were starting to widen. Vanity Fair has reported that Ocasio-Cortez is reluctant to launch a presidential campaign and also noted that some have called for her to primary Chuck Schumer in the 2028 New York Senate elections. In September 2025, Axios reported that Ocasio-Cortez was positioning to run for president or Senate in 2028. The Hill conducted a poll on December 8, 2025, where Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez led among young voters. According to other polls by The Guardian, Ocasio-Cortez is one of the top contenders beside Harris and Newsom. In December, Ocasio-Cortez responded to a poll that showed she led Vance by tweeting "Bloop!" She has drawn contrasts between herself and Vance on various issues as of January 2026.
JB Pritzker
JB Pritzker has served as the governor of Illinois since 2019. Pritzker is one of the wealthiest elected officials in America, with an estimated net worth of $3.7 billion, and has largely bankrolled his own gubernatorial campaigns, as well as national abortion-rights initiatives. Pritzker was considered a potential running mate to Kamala Harris in the 2024 presidential election. Pritzker is a potential Democratic contender, according to WMAQ-TV The Wall Street Journal, and Capitol News Illinois and has declined to rule out a run. In 2023, Pritzker declined to speak directly with Representative Dean Phillips regarding his effort to try to convince him to enter the Democratic Party presidential primary race to oppose Biden. Pritzker is also seeking a third term as governor of Illinois in 2026.
Josh Shapiro
Josh Shapiro has served as the governor of Pennsylvania since 2023. Being elected in 2022 by 15 points in a state won by Donald Trump twice, and with him being relatively popular in his home state. Following the announcement of his autobiography and book tour, he has been viewed as a potential Democratic presidential candidate by The Washington Post and The Philadelphia Inquirer.
Jon Stewart
Jon Stewart is a progressive activist, comedian, and commentator. Stewart had been the subject of speculation for years as a potential presidential candidate, including in a Politico opinion piece by Juleanna Glover where Stewart was described as a potentially formidable anti-establishment outsider 2024 Democratic candidate in the event that Biden did not run. Since then, Stewart has been mentioned as a potential 2028 Democratic candidate by USA Today, the Washington Examiner, and Zeteo in late 2025. In a late July 2025 interview with journalist and commentator Mehdi Hasan, Stewart stated that "the Democratic Party is ripe for a takeover... they just need to find the right reality host," and was pressed by Hasan on a potential 2028 Democratic presidential run, to which Hasan recalled that Stewart "didn't deny that was what he was suggesting." The Hill described a "soft endorsement" from radio host Charlamagne Tha God for a Stewart 2028 Democratic presidential run. Stewart has been included in multiple 2028 national primary polls by Echelon Insights from September to November 2025. In a December 2025 interview with Tim Miller of The Bulwark, Stewart mentioned that Robert F. Kennedy Jr. could be a strong Republican nominee in 2028. Miller responded by suggesting a potential election face-off between Kennedy and Stewart, to which Stewart did not offer comment. Current Affairs editor-in-chief Nathan J. Robinson endorsed a Stewart 2028 campaign in a January 2026 editorial for the publication. Race to the White House includes Stewart at 2% in its national presidential polling average for the Democratic primaries as of January 2026.
Chris Van Hollen
Chris Van Hollen has served as a U.S. senator from Maryland since 2017, and as the U.S. representative for Maryland's 8th congressional district from 2003 to 2017. In September 2025, he gave a speech at an Iowa fundraising event that led to speculation he could be a 2028 candidate.
Gretchen Whitmer
Gretchen Whitmer has served as the governor of Michigan since 2019. Whitmer has been considered a potential presidential candidate by multiple media sources. Whitmer has cast doubt on a 2028 presidential bid, but said she would not close the door on it.

Declined to be candidates

The following individuals have publicly denied interest in being a candidate:

Third-party and independent candidates

Candidates

Expressed interest

Joe Manchin
Joe Manchin served as a U.S. senator from West Virginia from 2010 to 2025, and previously served as the governor of West Virginia from 2005 to 2010. He considered a third-party run in the 2024 presidential election with the centrist political organization No Labels but ultimately decided against it. In September 2025, in an interview with The New York Times, Manchin acknowledged that he is considering running as a third-party candidate in 2028, saying his objective is "for the middle to compete".

Declined to be candidates

The following individuals have publicly denied interest in being a candidate:

Opinion polling

Republican primary

Statewide

California
Florida
Georgia
South Carolina
Maine
New Hampshire
Nevada
North Carolina
Ohio
Texas
Vermont

Democratic primary

Statewide

Alaska
California
Florida
Maine
New Hampshire
North Carolina
Nevada
Ohio
Texas
Vermont

General election

Nationwide

Marco Rubio vs. Kamala Harris
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Marco Rubio
Kamala Harris
Undecided
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Undecided
November 14–16, 20252,201 40%42%18%
November 14–16, 20252,201 ---
November 14–16, 20252,201 ---
November 14–16, 20252,201 ---
Marco Rubio vs. Gavin Newsom
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Marco Rubio
Gavin Newsom
Undecided
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Undecided
November 14–16, 20252,201 39%41%20%
August 29–31, 2025849 44%49%7%
Donald Trump vs. Kamala Harris
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Donald Trump
Kamala Harris
Undecided
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Undecided
June 23–26, 20251,200 46%43%11%
Donald Trump vs. Gavin Newsom
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Donald Trump
Gavin Newsom
Undecided
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Undecided
August 29–31, 2025849 44%48%8%
August 29 – September 2, 20251,690 41%49%10%
August 29 – September 2, 20251,690 ---
Donald Trump vs. Barack Obama
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Donald Trump
Barack Obama
Undecided
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Undecided
March 10, 202542%49%9%
JD Vance vs. Pete Buttigieg
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		JD Vance
Pete Buttigieg
Undecided
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Undecided
August 18, 2025700 37%41%21%
July 21–22, 20251,400 43.9%43.1%13.0%
JD Vance vs. Kamala Harris
JD Vance vs. Gavin Newsom
JD Vance vs. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		JD Vance
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
Undecided
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Undecided
December 5–11, 20251,521 49%51%–
October 16–20, 20251,000 34%34%32%
July 21–22, 20251,400 44.4%41.0%14.6%
JD Vance vs. Josh Shapiro
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		JD Vance
Josh Shapiro
Undecided
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Undecided
December 23, 2024656 37%34%29%
JD Vance vs. Stephen A. Smith
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		JD Vance
Stephen A. Smith
Undecided
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Undecided
August 18, 2025700 37%35%28%
August 18, 2025700 ---
August 18, 2025700 ---
JD Vance vs. Gretchen Whitmer
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		JD Vance
Gretchen Whitmer
Undecided
Poll sourceDate
administered		Sample
size		Undecided
December 23, 2024656 40%33%26%