Alternative titles; symbols
HGNC Approved Gene Symbol: CSDE1
Cytogenetic location: 1p13.2 Genomic coordinates (GRCh38) : 1:114,716,916-114,757,984 (from NCBI)
While investigating NRAS (164790), Jeffers et al. (1990) isolated cDNAs that originated from a closely linked upstream gene on chromosome 1. RNase protection assays showed that this gene, termed UNR by them, is transcribed in the same direction as NRAS and that its 3-prime end is located only 130 bp from the transcription initiation site of NRAS. The close spatial relationship was conserved in all species from which the NRAS gene had been isolated. The UNR cDNA contained an open reading frame capable of encoding a protein of 798 amino acids. UNR transcripts were detected in mouse, rat, and human cells. Only a single copy of UNR was detected in the mouse. The gene produced multiple transcripts that differed in their 3-prime ends and apparently resulted from the differential use of multiple polyadenylation sites located in the 3-prime untranslated region of the gene. Both UNR and NRAS were expressed in all tissues examined and the 2 genes may be coordinately regulated. UNR was first isolated by Doniger and DiPaolo (1988) in tumorigenic guinea pig cells.
By sequencing clones obtained from a size-fractionated brain cDNA library, Nagase et al. (1998) cloned full-length UNR, which they designated KIAA0885. The deduced 798-amino acid protein shares 98.6% amino acid identity with rat Unr. RT-PCR ELISA detected high expression in all tissues examined.
AU-rich elements and protein-coding determinants direct rapid removal of poly(A) tails as a necessary first step in mRNA decay. Grosset et al. (2000) determined that 5 proteins form a multiprotein complex associated with the major protein-coding-region determinant of instability (mCRD) of the FOS gene (164810): PABP (604679), HNRNPD (601324), PAIP1 (605184), NSAP1, and UNR, a purine-rich RNA-binding protein. Overexpression of these proteins stabilized mCRD-containing mRNA by impeding deadenylation.
Chang et al. (2004) presented evidence that UNR is a critical factor in mCRD-mediated mRNA turnover by binding the mCRD motif and by interacting with PABP. Their findings indicated that the mCRD-UNR complex serves as a platform for formation of a deadenylation/decay mRNA-protein complex involving PABP and the poly(A) nuclease CCR4 (608951).
Jeffers et al. (1990) mapped the UNR gene to chromosome 1, upstream of the NRAS gene. By FISH, Edwards et al. (1997) localized the gene to 1p13.2.
Chang, T.-C., Yamashita, A., Chen, C.-Y. A., Yamashita, Y., Zhu, W., Durdan, S., Kahvejian, A., Sonenberg, N., Shyu, A.-B. UNR, a new partner of poly(A)-binding protein, plays a key role in translationally coupled mRNA turnover mediated by the c-fos major coding-region determinant. Genes Dev. 18: 2010-2023, 2004. [PubMed: 15314026] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.1219104]
Doniger, J., DiPaolo, J. A. Coordinate N-RAS mRNA up-regulation with mutational activation in tumorigenic guinea pig cells. Nucleic Acids Res. 16: 969-980, 1988. [PubMed: 3278301] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.3.969]
Edwards, M. C., Liegeois, N., Horecka, J., DePinho, R. A., Sprague, G. F., Jr., Tyers, M., Elledge, S. J. Human CPR (cell cycle progression restoration) genes impart a Far- phenotype on yeast cells. Genetics 147: 1063-1076, 1997. [PubMed: 9383053] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/147.3.1063]
Grosset, C., Chen, C.-Y. A., Xu, N., Sonenberg, N., Jacquemin-Sablon, H., Shyu, A.-B. A mechanism for translationally coupled mRNA turnover: interaction between the poly(A) tail and a c-fos RNA coding determinant via a protein complex. Cell 103: 29-40, 2000. [PubMed: 11051545] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00102-1]
Jeffers, M., Paciucci, R., Pellicer, A. Characterization of UNR: a gene closely linked to N-RAS. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 4891-4899, 1990. [PubMed: 2204029]
Nagase, T., Ishikawa, K., Suyama, M., Kikuno, R., Hirosawa, M., Miyajima, N., Tanaka, A., Kotani, H., Nomura, N., Ohara, O. Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 5: 355-364, 1998. [PubMed: 10048485] [Full Text: https://doi.org/10.1093/dnares/5.6.355]