हिन्दु
सनातनधरमके अनुयायी
(हिंदु से पुनर्निर्देशित)
हिन्दु ऊ लोग हथ जे धार्मिकरूपसे हिन्दुधर्म मानहथ । [४७] [४८] ऐतिहासिक रूपसे ई शब्दके उपयोग भारतीय उपमहाद्वीपमे रहेवाला जनला भौगोलिक, सान्स्कृतिक आउ बादमे धार्मिक पहचानकर्ताके रूपोमे कैल गेलहे । [४९] [५०]
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| इतिहास · देवता |
| सम्प्रदाय · पूजा · |
| आस्था दर्शन |
|---|
| पुनर्जन्म · मोक्ष |
| कर्म · माया |
| दर्शन · धर्म |
| वेदान्त ·योग |
| शाकाहार शाकम्भरी · आयुर्वेद |
| युग · संस्कार |
| भक्ति {{हिन्दु दर्शन}} |
| ग्रन्थशास्त्र |
| वेद संहिता · वेदाङ्ग |
| ब्राह्मणग्रन्थ · आरण्यक |
| उपनिषद् · श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता |
| रामायण · महाभारत |
| सूत्र · पुराण |
| शिक्षापत्री · वचनामृत |
| सम्बन्धित |
| विश्वमे हिन्दुधर्म |
| गुरु · मन्दिर देवस्थान |
| यज्ञ · मन्त्र |
| हिन्दु पौराणिक कथा · हिन्दुपर्व |
| विग्रह |
| प्रवेशद्वार:हिन्दुधर्म |
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| हिन्दु मापनप्रणाली |
"हिन्दु" शब्दके उत्पत्ति पुरान फारसीसे भेलहे जे ई नामके संस्कृत नाम सिन्धु, सिन्धुनदीके उल्लेख करहे । समान शब्दके यूनानी सजातीय शब्द " इण्डस् " (नदी लागि) आउ " इण्डिया " (नदीके भूमि लागि) हे । [५१] [५२] [५३] " हिन्दु " शब्दके तात्पर्य सिन्धुनदीके भिरु वा ओकरासे परे भारतीय उपमहाद्वीपमे रहेवाला जन लागि एगो भौगोलिक, जातीय अथवा सान्स्कृतिक पहचानकर्तो हे । [५४] १६मा शताब्दी ईस्वी तक ई शब्द उपमहाद्वीपके ऊसभ निवासीके सन्दर्भित करे लगल जे तुर्क वा मुसलमान न हलन । [५४] [lower-alpha १] [lower-alpha २] हिन्दु एगो पुरातन बर्तनी सन्स्करण हे, जेकर उपयोग आज अपमानजनक मानल जाहे । [५५] [५६]
सन्दर्भ
सम्पादित करथिन- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 2010–2050". Pew Research Center. 1 जनवरी 2020. Archived from the original on 22 फरवरी 2017. Retrieved 22 फरवरी 2017.
- ↑ "The Global Religious Landscape – Hinduism". A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Major Religious Groups as of 2010. Pew Research Foundation. 18 December 2012. Archived from the original on 6 मई 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
- ↑ "Christianity 2015: Religious Diversity and Personal Contact" (PDF). gordonconwell.edu. January 2015. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 2015-05-29.
- ↑ "Központi Statisztikai Hivatal". Nepszamlalas.hu. Archived from the original on 7 जनवरी 2019. Retrieved 2013-10-02.
- ↑ The World Factbook
Archived २०१०-१२-२९ at the वेबैक मशीन, CIA United States (2013) - ↑ Nepal US Department of State
- ↑ "The Future of World Religions: Population Growth Projections, 201=Pew Research Center". 2 अप्रैल 2015. Archived from the original on 24 दिसम्बर 2018. Retrieved 31 मार्च 2017.
- ↑ BANGLADESH 2012 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT, US State Department (2012), page 2
- ↑ Indonesia: Religious Freedoms Report 2010, US State Department (2011), Quote: "The Ministry of Religious Affairs estimates that 10 million Hindus live in the country and account for approximately 90 percent of the population in Bali. Hindu minorities also reside in Central and East Kalimantan, the city of Medan (North Sumatra), South and Central Sulawesi, and Lombok (West Nusa Tenggara). Hindu groups such as Hare Krishna and followers of the Indian spiritual leader Sai Baba are present in small numbers. Some indigenous religious groups, including the "Naurus" on Seram Island in Maluku Province, incorporate Hindu and animist beliefs, and many have also adopted some Protestant teachings."
- ↑ https://www.wionews.com/south-asia/pakistan-muslim-league-q-objects-to-construction-of-hindu-temple-in-islamabad-310269
- ↑ Population by religion
Archived १७ जून २००६ at the वेबैक मशीन - ↑ "2014 Religious Landscape Study – Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life". 12 May 2015. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
- ↑ Department of Census and Statistics,The Census of Population and Housing of Sri Lanka-2011
Archived २०१९-०१-०७ at the वेबैक मशीन - ↑ "The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency". cia.gov. Archived from the original on 7 जनवरी 2019. Retrieved 18 अक्तूबर 2020.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ↑ "Malaysia".
- ↑ Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Numbers - Pew Research Center. 18 December 2012. ISBN 978-2024194347.
- ↑ UK Government (27 मार्च 2009). "Religion in England and Wales 2011". Office of National Statistics (11 दिसम्बर 2012). Retrieved 7 सितम्बर 2014.
- ↑ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 24 दिसंबर 2018. Retrieved 18 अक्तूबर 2020.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(help) - ↑ "Resident population by religion and sex" (PDF). Statistics Mauritius. p. 68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2013. Retrieved 1 नवम्बर 2012.
- ↑ "Table: Religious Composition by Country, in Numbers (2010)". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 18 दिसम्बर 2012. Archived from the original on 1 फरवरी 2013. Retrieved 14 फरवरी 2015.
- ↑ "2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. Retrieved 21 April 2016.
- ↑ "2071.0 – Reflecting Australia – Stories from the Census, 2016". Abs.gov.au. Archived from the original on 9 जुलाई 2017. Retrieved 2 अक्टुबर 2013.
- ↑ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 28 दिसंबर 2010. Retrieved 18 अक्तूबर 2020.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|archive-date=(help) - ↑ "Singapore".
- ↑ "Fiji". State.gov. 2012-09-10. Retrieved 2020-07-02.
- ↑ "The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 7 जनवरी 2019. Retrieved 2020-07-02.
- ↑ "The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census" (PDF). Department of Population, Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population, MYANMAR. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 March 2018. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
- ↑ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 7 जनवरी 2019. Retrieved 18 अक्तूबर 2020.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ↑ "Trinidad and Tobago".
- ↑ "Trinidad and Tobago".
- ↑ "Religious Composition (Census of Guyana – 2012)". Bureau of Statistics – Guyana. July 2016. Retrieved 2017-12-16.
- ↑ "CIA – The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 28 दिसंबर 2010. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|archive-date=(help) - ↑ "Bhutan". State.gov. 2010-02-02. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
- ↑ Arena – Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia
Archived २०१७-१२-०६ at the वेबैक मशीन. Sreda.org - ↑ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on 7 जनवरी 2019. Retrieved 18 अक्तूबर 2020.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help) - ↑ "Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations" (PDF). January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-20.
- ↑ "Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations" (PDF). January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-20.
- ↑ "Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations" (PDF). January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-20.
- ↑ "Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations" (PDF). January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-20.
- ↑ RC Zaehner (1992), Hindu Scriptures, Penguin Random House, ISBN 978-0679410782, pages 1-11 and Preface
- ↑ Ludo Rocher (1986), The Puranas, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3-447-02522-5
- ↑ Moriz Winternitz (1996). A History of Indian Literature. Motilal Banarsidass. pp. xv–xvi. ISBN 978-81-208-0264-3.
- ↑ Yajna, a Comprehensive Survey. Yoga Publications Trust. 2007. p. 338. ISBN 9788186336472.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ↑ Johnson, Todd M.; Grim, Brian J. (2013). The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography (PDF). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 अक्टुबर 2013. Retrieved 24 नवम्बर 2015.
- ↑ "Chapter 1 Global Religious Populations" (PDF). January 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-20.
- ↑ Anjali Pandey, Re‐Englishing ‘flat‐world’ fiction, World Englishes, 10.1111/weng.12370, 38, 1-2, (200-218), (2019).
- ↑ Jeffery D. Long (2007), A Vision for Hinduism, IB Tauris, ISBN 978-1-84511-273-8, pp. 35–37
- ↑ Lloyd Ridgeon (2003). Major World Religions: From Their Origins to the Present. Routledge. pp. 10–11. ISBN 978-1-134-42935-6.
- ↑ Pennington, Brian K. (2005), Was Hinduism Invented?: Britons, Indians, and the Colonial Construction of Religion, Oxford University Press, pp. 111–118, ISBN 978-0-19-803729-3
- ↑ Lorenzen 2006, पृ॰प॰ xx, 2, 13–26.
- ↑ Mihir Bose (2006). The Magic of Indian Cricket: Cricket and Society in India. Routledge. pp. 1–3. ISBN 978-1-134-24924-4.
- ↑ "India". Online Etymology Dictionary.
- ↑ Flood 1996, पृ॰ 6.
- 1 2 Hawley, John Stratton; Narayanan, Vasudha (2006), The Life of Hinduism, University of California Press, pp. 10–11, ISBN 978-0-520-24914-1
- ↑ Herbst, Philip (1997), The color of words: an encyclopaedic dictionary of ethnic bias in the United States, Intercultural Press, pp. 106–107, ISBN 978-1-877864-97-1,
Hindu, Hindoo A term borrowed from the Persian word Hindu ... Hindu is used today for an adherent of Hinduism, the common religion of India. ... Hindoo is listed in dictionaries as a variant spelling, but it is one that may lend itself to derogatory use.
- ↑ Rosenblatt, Roger (1999), Consuming desires: consumption, culture, and the pursuit of happiness, Island Press, p. 81, ISBN 1-55963-535-5,
For example, even though the majority of these newcomers were, in fact, practicing Hindus, by the mid-1960s, anti-immigration agitators had dropped the use of Hindoo as choice slur.
; Bhatia, Sunil; Ram, Anjali (2004), "Culture, hybridity, and the dialogical self: Cases of the South Asian diaspora", Mind, Culture, and Activity, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 224–240, doi:10.1207/s15327884mca1103_4,Not being able to live up to the 'unattainable' images of 'Charlie's Angels' and the golden-girls of 'The Brady Bunch,' and facing 'repeated and constant' racial slurs at school such as 'nigger,' 'injun,' and 'hindoo,' combined with a lack of role models ...
टिप्पणी
सम्पादित करथिन- ↑ Flood (1996, p. 6) adds: "(...) 'Hindu', or 'Hindoo', was used towards the end of the eighteenth century by the British to refer to the people of 'Hindustan', the people of northwest India. Eventually 'Hindu' became virtually equivalent to an 'Indian' who was not a Muslim, Sikh, Jain or Christian, thereby encompassing a range of religious beliefs and practices. The '-ism' was added to Hindu in around 1830 to denote the culture and religion of the high-caste Brahmans in contrast to other religions, and the term was soon appropriated by Indians themselves in the context of building a national identity opposed to colonialism, though the term 'Hindu' was used in Sanskrit and Bengali hagiographic texts in contrast to 'Yavana' or Muslim as early as the sixteenth century".
- ↑ von Stietencron (2005, p. 229)
- For more than 100 years the word Hindu (plural) continued to denote the Indians in general. But when, from AD 712 onwards, Muslims began to settle permanently in the Indus valley and to make converts among low-caste Hindus, Persian authors distinguished between Hindus and Muslims in India: Hindus were Indians other than Muslim. We know that Persian scholars were able to distinguish a number of religions among the Hindus. But when Europeans started to use the term Hindoo, they applied it to the non-Muslim masses of India without those scholarly differentiations.