दर्शन

दर्शनशास्त्र (यूनानी- φιλοσοφία, अर्थात् "प्रज्ञानसे प्रेम" ^[१]^[२]) सामान्य आउ मौलिक प्रश्नके सुव्यवस्थित अध्ययन है, जैसेकि अस्तित्व, तर्क, ज्ञान, मूल्य, मन आउ भाषासे सम्बन्धित ।^[३]^[४] दर्शन वास्तविकताके मौलिक सत्यके तर्कबद्ध रूपसे बुझे आउ व्याख्या करेके प्रयास है, यथार्थके परखला एक दृष्टिकोण है ।^[५]^[६]^[७] ई मौलिक प्रश्नके सम्बोधित करेके अन्य तरीका (जैसेकि रहस्यवाद , मिथक , या धर्म) से समालोचनात्मक, व्यवस्थित आउ तर्कसङ्गत युक्ति पर निर्भर होवेके साथे-साथे अपन पूर्वनुमान आउ विधि पर चिन्तन करेके कारण अलग है ।^[८] व्यापक अर्थमे दर्शन तर्कपूर्ण, विधिपूर्वक एवं क्रमबद्ध विचारके कला है । एकरा‌मे भाषाके तार्किक विश्लेषण आउ शब्द आउ अवधारणाके अर्थके स्पष्टीकरण शामिल है ।^[९]^[१०] वास्तवमे दर्शनके परिभाषित कैल स्वयमे एक दार्शनिक प्रश्न है । कुछ स्रोतके दावा है कि ई शब्द पाइथागोरस (लगभग ५७० - ४९५ ईसा पूर्व) द्वारा गढ़ल गेलै हल,^[११]^[१२]^[१३] हालाँकि ई पूर्णतः निश्चित न है ।^[१४]

इहो देखी

बाहरी कड़ी

दर्शन सिद्धान्त
भारतीय दर्शन और योग (वेबदुनिया)
सामान्य धर्मदर्शन एवं दार्शनिक विश्लेषण (गूगल पुस्तक; लेखक - वाय मसीह)

सन्दर्भ

↑ "Definition of PHILOSOPHY". www.merriam-webster.com (in English). 2023-08-08. Retrieved 2023-08-08.
↑ "philosophy | Etymology, origin and meaning of philosophy by etymonline". www.etymonline.com (in English). Retrieved 2023-08-08.
↑ "philosophy | Definition, Systems, Fields, Schools, & Biographies". Encyclopædia Britannica (in English). Archived from the original on 23 फरवरी 2021. Retrieved 2022-05-29.
↑ "Philosophy". Lexico. University of Oxford Press. 2020. Archived from the original on 28 मार्च 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
↑ Sellars, Wilfrid (1963). Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (PDF). Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd. pp. 1, 40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 मार्च 2019. Retrieved 28 मार्च 2019.
↑ Chalmers, David J. (1995). "Facing up to the problem of consciousness". Journal of Consciousness Studies. 2 (3): 200, 219. Archived from the original on 20 नवम्बर 2019. Retrieved 28 मार्च 2019.
↑ Henderson, Leah (2019). "The problem of induction". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 27 मार्च 2019. Retrieved 28 मार्च 2019.
↑ Anthony Quinton, in T. Honderich (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 666: "Philosophy is rationally critical thinking, of a more or less systematic kind about the general nature of the world (metaphysics or theory of existence), the justification of belief (epistemology or theory of knowledge), and the conduct of life (ethics or theory of value). Each of the three elements in this list has a non-philosophical counterpart, from which it is distinguished by its explicitly rational and critical way of proceeding and by its systematic nature. Everyone has some general conception of the nature of the world in which they live and of their place in it. Metaphysics replaces the unargued assumptions embodied in such a conception with a rational and organized body of beliefs about the world as a whole. Everyone has occasion to doubt and question beliefs, their own or those of others, with more or less success and without any theory of what they are doing. Epistemology seeks by argument to make explicit the rules of correct belief formation. Everyone governs their conduct by directing it to desired or valued ends. Ethics, or moral philosophy, in its most inclusive sense, seeks to articulate, in rationally systematic form, the rules or principles involved."
↑ Adler, Mortimer J. (2000). How to Think About the Great Ideas: From the Great Books of Western Civilization. Chicago, Ill.: Open Court. ISBN 978-0-8126-9412-3.
↑ Quinton, Anthony. The Ethics of Philosophical Practice. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=sI4YAAAAIAAJ 666]. Philosophy is rationally critical thinking, of a more or less systematic kind about the general nature of the world (metaphysics or theory of existence), the justification of belief (epistemology or theory of knowledge), and the conduct of life (ethics or theory of value). Each of the three elements in this list has a non-philosophical counterpart, from which it is distinguished by its explicitly rational and critical way of proceeding and by its systematic nature. Everyone has some general conception of the nature of the world in which they live and of their place in it. Metaphysics replaces the unargued assumptions embodied in such a conception with a rational and organized body of beliefs about the world as a whole. Everyone has occasion to doubt and question beliefs, their own or those of others, with more or less success and without any theory of what they are doing. Epistemology seeks by argument to make explicit the rules of correct belief formation. Everyone governs their conduct by directing it to desired or valued ends. Ethics, or moral philosophy, in its most inclusive sense, seeks to articulate, in rationally systematic form, the rules or principles involved. {{cite book}}: line feed character in |page= at position 48 (help) in Honderich 1995 .
↑ Cameron, Alister (1938). The Pythagorean Background of the theory of Recollection. George Banta Publishing Company.
↑ Jaeger, W. 'On the Origin and Cycle of the Philosophic Ideal of Life.' First published in Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historishce Klasse, 1928; Eng. Translation in Jaeger's Aristotle, 2nd Ed. Oxford, 1948, 426-61.
↑ Festugiere, A.J. (1958). "Les Trios Vies". Acta Congressus Madvigiani. Vol. 2. Copenhagen. pp. 131–78.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
↑ Guthrie, W. K. C. (1962–1981). A history of Greek philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-0-521-05160-6. OCLC 22488892. Archived from the original on 21 जनवरी 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2021. This does not of course amount to saying that the simile goes back to Pythagoras himself, but only that the Greek ideal of philosophia and theoria (for which we may compare Herodotus's attribution of these activities to Solon I, 30) was at a fairly early date annexed by the Pythagoreans for their master {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

[1] "Definition of PHILOSOPHY". www.merriam-webster.com (in English). 2023-08-08. Retrieved 2023-08-08.

[2] "philosophy | Etymology, origin and meaning of philosophy by etymonline". www.etymonline.com (in English). Retrieved 2023-08-08.

[3] "philosophy | Definition, Systems, Fields, Schools, & Biographies". Encyclopædia Britannica (in English). Archived from the original on 23 फरवरी 2021. Retrieved 2022-05-29.

[4] "Philosophy". Lexico. University of Oxford Press. 2020. Archived from the original on 28 मार्च 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.

[5] Sellars, Wilfrid (1963). Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind (PDF). Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd. pp. 1, 40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 मार्च 2019. Retrieved 28 मार्च 2019.

[6] Chalmers, David J. (1995). "Facing up to the problem of consciousness". Journal of Consciousness Studies. 2 (3): 200, 219. Archived from the original on 20 नवम्बर 2019. Retrieved 28 मार्च 2019.

[7] Henderson, Leah (2019). "The problem of induction". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Archived from the original on 27 मार्च 2019. Retrieved 28 मार्च 2019.

[8] Anthony Quinton, in T. Honderich (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Philosophy (Oxford University Press, 1995), p. 666: "Philosophy is rationally critical thinking, of a more or less systematic kind about the general nature of the world (metaphysics or theory of existence), the justification of belief (epistemology or theory of knowledge), and the conduct of life (ethics or theory of value). Each of the three elements in this list has a non-philosophical counterpart, from which it is distinguished by its explicitly rational and critical way of proceeding and by its systematic nature. Everyone has some general conception of the nature of the world in which they live and of their place in it. Metaphysics replaces the unargued assumptions embodied in such a conception with a rational and organized body of beliefs about the world as a whole. Everyone has occasion to doubt and question beliefs, their own or those of others, with more or less success and without any theory of what they are doing. Epistemology seeks by argument to make explicit the rules of correct belief formation. Everyone governs their conduct by directing it to desired or valued ends. Ethics, or moral philosophy, in its most inclusive sense, seeks to articulate, in rationally systematic form, the rules or principles involved."

[9] Adler, Mortimer J. (2000). How to Think About the Great Ideas: From the Great Books of Western Civilization. Chicago, Ill.: Open Court. ISBN 978-0-8126-9412-3.

[10] Quinton, Anthony. The Ethics of Philosophical Practice. p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=sI4YAAAAIAAJ 666]. Philosophy is rationally critical thinking, of a more or less systematic kind about the general nature of the world (metaphysics or theory of existence), the justification of belief (epistemology or theory of knowledge), and the conduct of life (ethics or theory of value). Each of the three elements in this list has a non-philosophical counterpart, from which it is distinguished by its explicitly rational and critical way of proceeding and by its systematic nature. Everyone has some general conception of the nature of the world in which they live and of their place in it. Metaphysics replaces the unargued assumptions embodied in such a conception with a rational and organized body of beliefs about the world as a whole. Everyone has occasion to doubt and question beliefs, their own or those of others, with more or less success and without any theory of what they are doing. Epistemology seeks by argument to make explicit the rules of correct belief formation. Everyone governs their conduct by directing it to desired or valued ends. Ethics, or moral philosophy, in its most inclusive sense, seeks to articulate, in rationally systematic form, the rules or principles involved. {{cite book}}: line feed character in |page= at position 48 (help) in Honderich 1995 .

[11] Cameron, Alister (1938). The Pythagorean Background of the theory of Recollection. George Banta Publishing Company.

[12] Jaeger, W. 'On the Origin and Cycle of the Philosophic Ideal of Life.' First published in Sitzungsberichte der preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, philosophisch-historishce Klasse, 1928; Eng. Translation in Jaeger's Aristotle, 2nd Ed. Oxford, 1948, 426-61.

[13] Festugiere, A.J. (1958). "Les Trios Vies". Acta Congressus Madvigiani. Vol. 2. Copenhagen. pp. 131–78.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[14] Guthrie, W. K. C. (1962–1981). A history of Greek philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 165–166. ISBN 978-0-521-05160-6. OCLC 22488892. Archived from the original on 21 जनवरी 2022. Retrieved 12 June 2021. This does not of course amount to saying that the simile goes back to Pythagoras himself, but only that the Greek ideal of philosophia and theoria (for which we may compare Herodotus's attribution of these activities to Solon I, 30) was at a fairly early date annexed by the Pythagoreans for their master {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

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