neither! barreleye fish actually can rotate their eyeballs A FULL 90 DEGREES forward when they want to see things in front of them, so it would. look like this
Did You Know: if you get to the airport early enough in the morning, you can look through the big windows and watch them shovel oats and alfalfa into big troughs for the planes
I know it looks cute, but the airplanes only line up for food when their enclosure isn’t enriching enough.
that might be true of smaller airports where the planes spend more time on the ground, but at large international airports, the planes get tons of enrichment from socializing with one another and lots of exercise flying, so it’s actually fine that their enclosures aren’t much more than a space for them to rest.
i will never fucking get over this btw imagine being a famous recently widowed (again) 40 year old man who has saved the world twice and you get a letter from your apprentice to come to america to solve a mystery with him and you show up and new york is looking even more fucked up than usual and you just want to see your son again but then he fucking pulls up on your ass in his 1954 honda swag and yolo wagon and tells you to get your elderly ass in the back seat bc the evil steampunk robot militia is about to roll up and then he takes you to some resistance headquarters where they ask luke whos this guy you just snatched from the retirement home and you find out nobody in america fucking knows who you are and your 14 year old son has way more clout than you and everybody just thinks you’re the boy genius’ loser grandpa
the Great Dying is the colloquial name for the End-Permian mass extinction event, which separates the Permian from the Triassic in the geological record.
and it’s called that for a reason, because the Great Dying killed, no joke, 90% of all animals on planet Earth in the worst mass extinction of all time! the Earth before the Great Dying was an alien land full of crocodile relatives, mammal ancestors, and more weird fish than you could shake a reasonably-sized stick at.
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the world after the Great Dying was a blasted hellscape, with few survivors either in the sea or on land.
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one of those land-bound survivors was the ancestor of all mammals, and another was the first of the dinosaurs! the next geologic age, the Triassic, would see the rise of dinosaurs and pterosaurs and even seagoing ichthyosaurs to replace the multitude of lineages that fell during the Great Dying.
but what caused this chaotic event?
the death of a supercontinent, no joke.
Pangea was very much a thing at the time, but plate tectonics were starting to literally rip it apart at the seams. and when the seams split, a volcanic hellstorm was unleashed that hurled lava MILES into the air and covered the land in lava beds over a mile thick, releasing gigantic stores of carbon dioxide that dwarf the maximum amount humans could ever release by an order of magnitude! and also poisonous hydrogen sulfide gas. that will be important later.
so what happened next was runaway global warming that rapidly turned the entire planet except for the poles completely uninhabitable. the ocean got so warm that it was as hot as a hot tub at the equator, which made the water unable to hold dissolved gases and sent the breathable oxygen levels in the ocean plummeting worldwide, suffocating basically everything in it. the land was covered in a haze of highly toxic gas and punishing heat that poisoned and baked animals alive, while the hot ocean waters may have fueled hurricanes the size of entire continents that ravaged both earth and sea down to the bedrock!
the whole fucking planet looked more like Venus than anything we’d recognize today.
sobasically, this was the lowest point of animal life on Earth. it took many millions of years for our planet to recover, and we all should be thankful that, whatever humanity unleashes in the future, at least it won’t be as bad as the Great Dying.
Last month, drug company Genentech reported on the first clinical trials of the drug crenezumab, a drug targeting amyloid proteins that form sticky plaques in the brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients. The drug had been particularly effective in animal models, and the trial results were eagerly awaited as one of the most promising treatments in years. It did not work. “Crenezumab did not slow or prevent cognitive decline” in people with a predisposition toward Alzheimer’s.
Last year, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) narrowly approved the use of Aduhelm, a new drug from Biogen that the company has priced so highly that it’s expected to drive up the price of Medicare for everyone in America, even those who never need this drug. Aduhelm was the first drug to be approved that fights the accumulation of those “amyloid plaques” in the brain. What makes the approval of the $56,000-a-dose drug so controversial is that while it does decrease plaques, it doesn’t actually slow Alzheimer’s. In fact, clinical trials were suspended in 2019 after the treatment showed “no clinical benefits.” (Which did not keep Biogen from seeking the drug’s approval or pricing it astronomically.)
Over the last two decades, Alzheimer’s drugs have been notable mostly for having a 99% failure rate in human trials. It’s not unusual for drugs that are effective in vitro and in animal models to turn out to be less than successful when used in humans, but Alzheimer’s has a record that makes the batting average in other areas look like Hall of Fame material.
And now we have a good idea of why. Because it looks like the original paper that established the amyloid plaque model as the foundation of Alzheimer’s research over the last 16 years might not just be wrong, but a deliberate fraud.
thanks for the text extraction, i was on my phone <3