Alexander Pushkin
Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin (Janam: 6 June, 1799, Moscow; maut: 10 February 1837, St Petersburg) ek Russian poet , novelist, dramatist aur short stories ke writer rahaa. Log soche hae ki Pushkin Russia ke sab se barraa poet rahaa. Uu Russian literature promote karisrahaa. Pushkin uu rakam se likhat rahaa jon ki uu time talak koi Russian nai likhe rahaa. Uu Russian me uu rakam likhat rahaa jaise ki baat kaeaa jaawe hae.
| Alexander Pushkin | |
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 Portrait by Orest Kiprensky, 1827 | |
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| Alma mater | Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum |
| Writing period | Golden Age of Russian Poetry |
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| Spouse(s) | Natalia Goncharova (m. 1831) |
| Children | 4 |
| Signature |  |
Palwaar
badlo
Pushkin ke pitaji, Sergei Lvovich Pushkin (1767–1848), Russian nobility ke ek jaana-maana palwar se descended rahaa aur aapan ancestry ke 12th century talak trace kare hae.[2] Pushkin ke amma, Nadezhda (Nadya) Ossipovna Gannibal (1775–1836), aapan naani ke bagal se German aur Scandinavian nobility se decsendant rahii.[3][4] Uu f Ossip Abramovich Gannibal (1744–1807) aur uske aurat, Maria Alekseyevna Pushkina (1745–1818) ke larrki rahii.
Ossip Abramovich Gannibal ke pitaji, Pushkin ke par-aaja, Abram Petrovich Gannibal (1696–1781), ek African page rahaa jiske apharan kar ke Constantinople lae jaawa gais rahaa, Ottoman Sultan ke gift khaatir aur baad me Russia transfer karaa gais rahaa Peter the Great ke tofaa ke ruup me. Abram ek chtthii Empress Elizabeth, Peter the Great's ke larrki ke lage likhis rahaa, ki Gannibal "Lagon" town se rahaa, ii jaada kar ke saait ek banaawati biography jiske Gannibal ke damaad, Rotkirch likhis rahaa.
Bachpan ke din
badloPushkin ke janam Moscow me bhais rahaa jahaan pe uske nursemaids aur French tutors dekhat rahin, aur uu das saal ke umar talak jaada kar ke French bhasa me baat karat rahaa. Uu [[Russian bhasa ghar ke naukar aur aapan nanny, Arina Rodionovna, jiske uu aapan maiyaa se jaada pyar karat rahaa, se sikhis rahaa.
Jab uu 15 saal ke rahaa tab uu aapan pahila kavita ke chaapis rahaa. Jab uu aapan school ke khalaas karis , as part of the first graduating class of the prestigious Imperial Lyceum Tsarskoye Selo me, Saint Petersburg ke lage, tab talak uske talent ke Russian literary scene me jaana jaawat rahaa. Lyceum me, uu David Mara, jiske Russia ke Template:Ill jaana jaawe hae, French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat ke chhotaa bhaiyaa rahaa, ke student rahaa.[5] School ke baad, Pushkin, St. Petersburg ke vibrant aur raucous intellectual youth culture me kuud gais rahaa. 1820 me uu aapan pahila lambaa kavita, Ruslan and Ludmila ke chaapis rahaa, jiske subject aur style ke baare me dher controversy rahaa.
Samaj sudhaar
badloJab uu Lyceum me rahaa, tab Pushkin, Alexander Kunitsyn ke Kantian liberal individualist teachings se kaafi influenced rahaa, jiske Pushkin baad me aapan kavita 19 October me commemortae karis rahaa.[6] Pushkin apne ke French Enlightenment me bhi involve karis rahaa, jisse uu permanently indebted rahaa aapan jindagi bhar, khaas kar ke Voltaire, jiske uu describe karis rahaa as "the first to follow the new road, and to bring the lamp of philosophy into the dark archives of history".[7][8]
Pushkin dhire-dhire samaj sudhar me lag gais aur literary radicals ke spokesman banaa rahaa. Isse sarkar khus nai rahaa aur uske capital se May 1820 me transfer kar diis rahaa.[9] Uu Caucasus gais aur fir Crimea aur iske baad Kamianka aur Chișinău in Bessarabia.
Uu Filiki Eteria ke join karis rahaa, ek secret organization jon Ottoman ke raaj Greece me ke overthrow kar ke ek independent Greek state banae maangat rahaa. Uske Greek Revolution inspire karis rahaa aur jab Ottoman Empire ke virod me larrai suruu bhais rahaa, uu ek diary rakkhis rahaa jahan pe uu national uprising ke record rakkhis rahaa.
Aage barrnaa
badlo
Uu Chișinău me 1823 talak rahaa aur dui Romantic kavita likhis rahaa jiske kaaran uske barrai karaa gais rahaa: The Prisoner of the Caucasus aur The Fountain of Bakhchisaray. 1823 me, Pushkin Odessa gais, jahan uske takkar fir se sarkar se bhais, jon uske exile me uske maiyaa ke rural estate Mikhailovskoye, Pskov ke lage, 1824 se 1826 talak bhejis rahaa.[10]
Mikhailovskoye me, 1825 me, Pushkin ek kavita likhis To***. Ii maana jaawe hae ki uu ii kavita ke Anna Kern ke dedicate karis rahaa, lekin duusra jan aur kuchh soche hae. Poet Mikhail Dudin biswas karat rahaa ki ii kavita naukar Olga Kalashnikova ke dedicated rahaa.[11] Pushkinist Kira Victorova biswas karat rahaa ki ii kavita Empress Elizaveta Alekseyevna ke dedicated rahaa.[12] Vadim Nikolayev bahas karis ki e Empress ke baare me idea biswas kare laayak nai rahaa aur iske baare discuss nai karis , jab uu try karat rahaa prove kare ki ii kavita Tatyana Larina, Eugene Onegin ke heroine ke dedicated rahaa.[11] Wahii saal me (1825) Pushkin likhis rahaa ki ii ek mashuur play hoe jaai , the drama Boris Godunov, jab uu aapan maiyaa ke estate me rahaa. Lekin uske iske chaape ke ijaajat nai milaa, paaanch saal baad talak. Ii drama ke original aur uncensored version ke kkhaali 2007 stage karaa jaawe sakaa rahaa.
- ↑ Weststeijn, Willem G. (2004). "Pushkin between Classicism, Romanticism and Realism". Two Hundred Years of Pushkin, Volume III. pp. 47–56. doi:10.1163/9789004484054_007. ISBN 978-90-04-48405-4. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004484054_007.
- ↑ Н.К. Телетова [N.K. Teletova] (2007).
- ↑ Лихауг [Lihaug], Э.Г. [E.G.] (November 2006). "Предки А.С. Пушкина в Германии и Скандинавии(предположительно): происхождение Христины Регины Шёберг (Ганнибал) от Клауса фон Грабо из Грабо [Ancestors of A.S. Pushkin in Germany and Scandinavia: Descent of Christina Regina Siöberg (Hannibal) from Claus von Grabow zu Grabow]". Генеалогический вестник (Saint Petersburg) 27: 31–38.
- ↑ Lihaug, Elin Galtung (2007). "Aus Brandenburg nach Skandinavien, dem Baltikum und Rußland. Eine Abstammungslinie von Claus von Grabow bis Alexander Sergejewitsch Puschkin 1581–1837". Archiv für Familiengeschichtsforschung 11: 32–46.
- ↑ Goëtz-Nothomb, Charlotte. "Jean-Paul Marat - Notice Generale", p. 9. (in fr)Template:Fix/category[dead link]
- ↑ Schapiro, Leonard (1967). Rationalism and Nationalism in Russian Nineteenth Century Political Thought. Yale University Press. pp. 48–50. "Schapiro writes that Kunitsyn’s influence on Pushkin’s political views was 'important above all.' Schapiro describes Kunitsyn's philosophy as conveying 'the most enlightened principles of past thought on the relations of the individual and the state,' namely, that the ruler’s power is 'limited by the natural rights of his subjects, and these subjects can never be treated as a means to an end but only as an end in themselves.'"
- ↑ Kahn, Andrew (2008). Pushkin's Lyric Intelligence. OUP Oxford. p. 283.
- ↑ Pushkin, Alexander (1967). The Letters of Alexander Pushkin. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 164.
- ↑ Wight, C. "Pushkin, poet and troublemaker - the early years". www.bl.uk. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ↑ Images of Pushkin in the works of the black "pilgrims". Ahern, Kathleen M. The Mississippi Quarterly p. 75(11) Vol. 55 No. 1 Template:ISSN. 22 December 2001.
- 1 2 Template:In lang Vadim Nikolayev. To whom «Magic Moment» has been dedicated? Archived 2 Actobar 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Template:In lang In an interview with Kira Victorova Archived 7 Mai 2013 at the Wayback Machine