Zeppelin

Zeppelin wani nau'in jirgin sama ne mai tsauri wanda aka sanya wa suna bayan wanda ya ƙirƙira Jamus Ferdinand von Zeppelin ( ) wanda ya fara haɓaka jiragen sama masu tsauri a farkon ƙarni na 20. An fara ƙirƙiro ra'ayoyin Zeppelin a shekarar 1874 kuma an haɓaka su dalla-dalla a shekarar 1893. An ba su haƙƙin mallaka a Jamus a shekarar 1895 da kuma a Amurka a shekarar 1899. Bayan nasarar da aka samu a ƙirar Zeppelin, kalmar zeppelin ta zama ruwan dare gama gari don nufin dukkan nau'ikan jiragen sama masu tsauri. An fara jigilar Zeppelins a kasuwanci a shekarar 1910 ta Deutsche Luftschiffahrts-AG (DELAG), kamfanin jirgin sama na farko a duniya a fannin ayyukan samun kuɗi. A tsakiyar shekarar 1914, DELAG ta ɗauki fasinjoji sama da 10,000 masu biyan kuɗi a kan jiragen sama sama da 1,500. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, sojojin Jamus sun yi amfani da Zeppelins sosai a matsayin masu jefa bama-bamai da kuma masu leƙen asiri . Hare-haren bama-bamai da dama a Birtaniya sun yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane sama da 500.

Zeppelin
model series (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	rigid airship (en)
Suna saboda	Ferdinand von Zeppelin (mul)
Time of discovery or invention (en)	1900
Nada jerin	list of Zeppelins (en)

Kayar da Jamus ta sha a shekarar 1918 ta kawo tsaiko ga harkokin jiragen sama na ɗan lokaci. Duk da cewa DELAG ta kafa jadawalin yin hidima ta yau da kullun tsakanin Berlin, Munich, da Friedrichshafen a shekarar 1919, jiragen saman da aka gina don wannan aikin daga ƙarshe an miƙa su ƙarƙashin sharuɗɗan Yarjejeniyar Versailles, wanda kuma ya hana Jamus gina manyan jiragen saman. An yi wani keɓancewa don ba da damar gina jirgin sama ɗaya ga Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka, wanda hakan ya ceci kamfanin daga halaka.

A shekarar 1926, an ɗage takunkumin da aka sanya wa kan gina jiragen sama, kuma tare da taimakon gudummawar jama'a, an fara aikin gina LZ 127 <i id="mwOQ">Graf Zeppelin</i> . Wannan ya farfaɗo da arzikin kamfanin, kuma a shekarun 1930, jiragen sama na Graf Zeppelin, da kuma mafi girman LZ 129 <i id="mwPQ">Hindenburg</i> sun yi jigilar jiragen sama na yau da kullun daga Jamus zuwa Arewacin Amurka da Brazil. An ƙera ginin Empire State Building da farko don zama tashar jiragen ruwa ga Zeppelins da sauran jiragen sama, kodayake an gano cewa iska mai ƙarfi ta sa hakan ba zai yiwu ba kuma an yi watsi da shirin. Bala'in <i id="mwRQ">Hindenburg</i> a shekarar 1937, tare da ci gaban siyasa da tattalin arziki a Jamus kafin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, ya hanzarta mutuwar jiragen sama.

Manyan halaye

Zane-zanen ruwan hoda suna nuna ƙwayoyin hydrogen a cikin LZ 127. Abubuwan magenta sune ƙwayoyin Blaugas . Hoton da aka ɗauka cikakke yana nuna ƙarin abubuwan ciki.

Babban fasalin ƙirar Zeppelin shine tsarin ƙarfe mai tauri da aka lulluɓe da yadi, wanda aka yi da zoben da aka haɗa da kuma girders masu tsayi waɗanda suka haɗa da jakunkunan iska ko ƙwayoyin halitta daban-daban, waɗanda aka cika da hydrogen mai ƙonewa (H₂) - iskar gas mai amfani da injiniyoyin Jamus ke da ita a lokacin. Wannan tsarin ya ba wa jirgin damar girma fiye da jiragen sama marasa ƙarfi, waɗanda suka dogara da hauhawar farashin ambulan matsi guda ɗaya don kiyaye siffarsu. Yawancin Zeppelins sun yi amfani da duralumin don tsarin - haɗin aluminum, jan ƙarfe, da wasu ƙarfe biyu ko uku, waɗanda ainihin abun da ke cikinsu ya kasance sirri tsawon shekaru. A cikin samfuran farko, an yi jakunkunan iskar gas ɗin da auduga mai roba, amma yawancin fasahar daga baya ta yi amfani da fatar mai bugun zinare da aka samo daga hanjin shanu.

Jirgin ruwan Zeppelins na farko yana da dogayen ƙusoshin silinda tare da gefuna masu kaifi da kuma fin -fifin jiragen sama masu rikitarwa. A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, bayan jagorancin kamfanin abokin hamayyarsa Schütte-Lanz Luftschiffbau, kusan dukkan jiragen sama na baya-bayan nan sun canza zuwa siffar da aka saba da ita tare da fin-fifin wutsiya na giciye .

An tura Zeppelins ta hanyar injunan konewa na ciki da dama, waɗanda aka sanya a cikin gondola ko motocin injin da aka haɗa a waje da tsarin ginin. Wasu daga cikinsu na iya samar da juyawar juyawa don motsawa yayin da ake ɗagawa.

Motocin farko suna da ƙaramin gondola da aka ɗora a waje don fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin a ƙarƙashin firam ɗin. Ba a taɓa yin zafi a wannan sararin ba, saboda ana ɗaukar wuta a wajen kicin a matsayin mai haɗari sosai, kuma a lokacin tafiye-tafiye a faɗin Arewacin Atlantika ko Siberia, fasinjoji suna ɗaure barguna da gashin gashi don su kasance masu ɗumi kuma galibi suna jin sanyi sosai.

A lokacin Hindenburg, sauye-sauye da dama masu muhimmanci sun sa tafiya ta fi daɗi: an mayar da sararin fasinjoji zuwa cikin ginin, ɗakunan fasinja an rufe su daga waje ta wurin cin abinci, kuma ana iya zagaya iska mai ɗumi daga ruwan da ke sanyaya injunan gaba. Sabon ƙirar ya hana fasinjoji jin daɗin kallon tagogi na ɗakin kwanansu, wanda ya kasance babban abin jan hankali a kan jirgin Graf Zeppelin . A kan tsofaffin jiragen ruwa da sababbi, tagogi na waje galibi suna buɗe yayin tashi. Tsawon jirgin ya yi ƙasa sosai har ba a buƙatar matsi na ɗakunan ba. Hindenburg ta kula da ɗakin shan taba mai matsi: ba a yarda da harshen wuta ba, amma an samar da fitilar lantarki guda ɗaya, wadda ba za a iya cire ta daga ɗakin ba.