Sakamakon da ya dace

Schizophrenia cuta ce mai tsanani, mai ɗorewa wadda ke tattare da rikice-rikice a tunani, fahimta da hali. Hanya ɗaya da likitan tabin hankali zai iya gano ta ita ce idan mutum ya fuskanci alamun cututtuka masu kyau (misali, mafarki ) da/ko alamun rashin kulawa (misali, rashin kulawa ) akai-akai na tsawon wata guda. Maganinta yawanci ya ƙunshi haɗakar maganin halayyar fahimta da magungunan rage damuwa . Kodayake maganin wannan cuta iri ɗaya ne a al'adu daban-daban, ƙimar nasarar magani ta bambanta tsakanin al'adu daban-daban, kuma ana kiran wannan lamari da abin da ke faruwa da rashin jituwa a sakamakon.

Sakamakon da ya dace

Nazarin al'adu daban-daban

Tsarin bincike na ƙasa

Bincike kan sakamakon ya biyo bayan wata hanyar bincike daga ƙasa zuwa sama inda ake ɗauko ka'idoji daga bayanan da aka tattara maimakon gudanar da bincike bayan gina ka'ida a matsayin hanyar gwajin hasashe.

Binciken Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya

Domin samar da bayanai waɗanda daga baya za a iya gina su bisa ga ka'ida, Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta ƙaddamar da bincike guda biyu na ƙasashen duniya masu tallafawa: Nazarin Gwaji na Ƙasa da Ƙasa kan Schizophrenia (IPSS) da kuma Abubuwan da ke Tabbatar da Sakamakon Matsalolin Hankali Masu Tsanani (DOSMeD).

Cibiyar IPSS ta haɗa da marasa lafiya 1202 a ƙasashe tara: ƙasashe uku masu tasowa ( Kolumbia, Indiya da Najeriya ) da ƙasashe shida masu tasowa ( Denmark, Taiwan, Birtaniya, Amurka, Tarayyar Soviet da Czechoslovakia ). An auna sakamakon maganin marasa lafiya masu fama da cutar schizophrenia ta amfani da alamomi guda uku - kashi na lokacin da alamun tabin hankali suka nuna, matakin nakasa a zamantakewa da kuma nau'in gafara bayan kowane lokaci. An ƙididdige waɗannan a kan sikelin daga ɗaya (mafi kyawun sakamako) zuwa bakwai (mafi munin sakamako). A ƙarshen wannan binciken, Indiya ta sami nasara mafi girma yayin da kashi 42% na marasa lafiya suka ba da rahoton 'mafi kyawun sakamako', sai Najeriya da kashi 33% na marasa lafiya. Duk da haka, ƙasashen da suka ci gaba ba su nuna sakamako mai kyau ba domin an lura da 'mafi kyawun sakamako' a cikin kashi 17% kawai na marasa lafiya na Amurka kuma ƙasa da kashi 10% a cikin sauran ƙasashen da suka ci gaba da bincike.

Binciken DOSMeD ya yi bincike kan sakamakon maganin schizophrenia, a cikin marasa lafiya 1379, a cikin ƙasashe goma (Ireland da ƙasashen IPSS). An rarraba waɗannan marasa lafiya zuwa ɗaya daga cikin rukunoni tara dangane da tsananin cutar kafin a fara magani. Waɗannan rukunoni sun kama daga wani lokaci guda na rashin lafiyar tabin hankali sannan aka sake su gaba ɗaya zuwa rashin lafiya mai ɗorewa. Binciken bayan an fara magani ya nuna cewa ƙasashe masu tasowa suna da mafi girman adadin murmurewa gaba ɗaya: 37% a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa idan aka kwatanta da 15.5% a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa. Marasa lafiya daga ƙasashe masu tasowa suma sun fuskanci tsawon lokaci na rashin aikin zamantakewa fiye da waɗanda suka fito daga ƙasashe masu tasowa. Masu bincike a WHO sun kammala da cewa "ana iya yin hujja mai ƙarfi game da tasirin gaske, mai yaɗuwa na wani abu mai ƙarfi, [wanda] za a iya kiransa 'al'ada', [wanda] ke shafar cuta."

Ka'idoji da bayani

Matsayin iyali

Ka'idar yanayin iyali na ƙasashe masu tasowa ta nuna cewa mafi kyawun sakamako tsakanin waɗannan marasa lafiya yana faruwa ne saboda abubuwan da suka shafi zamantakewa kamar ƙarin haƙuri na iyali da kuma ƙarin dogaro ga membobin iyali don kulawa da tallafi. Bayyana motsin rai muhimmin siffa ce ta yanayin iyali, kuma yana nufin halin mai kulawa game da majiyyacin schizophrenia. An gano cewa yawan mummunan motsin rai (misali, ƙiyayya) da aka nuna wa mutumin schizophrenia yana haifar da damuwa mai mahimmanci a cikin psychosocial, kuma yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da yawan sake dawowa. Bincike ya nuna cewa yuwuwar ƙirƙirar irin wannan yanayi mai haifar da damuwa yana raguwa lokacin da akwai adadi mai yawa na mutane da ke kula da kuma biyan buƙatun mutumin schizophrenia saboda akwai haɗin gwiwa na buƙatar motsin rai don tabbatar da cewa ba a sanya shi ga majiyyaci ba. Wannan ra'ayin kulawa na haɗin gwiwa ana samunsa ne a ƙasashe masu tasowa saboda akwai muhimmin matsayi da aka sanya wa dangantakar dangi da kuma gaskiyar cewa, a matsakaici, iyalai sun fi yawa a waɗannan ƙasashe. Saboda haka, babban bambancin al'adu shine matakin ingantaccen shiga cikin iyali, wanda a ƙasashe masu tasowa, yana da alaƙa da ingantaccen sakamakon magani saboda raguwar yuwuwar sake dawowa .

Matsayin salon rayuwa

Wani likitan tabin hankali mai suna Vikram Patel ya yi hasashen cewa ingantaccen sakamakon magani a ƙasashe masu tasowa ya faru ne saboda ƙarancin taurin kai na rayuwar karkara fiye da ta ƙasashe masu tasowa. Ana tsammanin cewa kasuwannin aiki na karkara marasa tsari a ƙasashe masu tasowa suna ba da ƙarin damammaki, kamar aikin filin ga mutanen da ke da nakasa ko nakasa. Wannan yana taimaka wa waɗannan mutane wajen shiga cikin al'umma, rage ƙyama da ake gani da kuma ba da damar haɗa kai cikin al'umma, wanda duk ana tsammanin zai taimaka wajen samun sakamako mafi kyau na magani. Bugu da ƙari, bincike ya gano cewa ayyukan tunani kamar yoga, waɗanda suka zama ruwan dare a ƙasashe masu tasowa, suna rage alamun cutar schizophrenia mai kyau da mara kyau. Saboda haka, ana tunanin cewa marasa lafiya da ke fama da schizophrenia daga ƙasashe masu tasowa suna samun mafi kyau fiye da takwarorinsu na ƙasashen da suka ci gaba saboda haɗakar maganin asibiti da al'adunsu na tunani.

Suka

Iyakoki wajen tallafawa bincike da kuma kasancewar sakamakon da suka saba wa juna sun takaita ingancin sakamakon da ke tattare da sabani. Misali, nazarin IPSS da DOSMeD ya fuskanci yawan raguwar masu shan taba daga mahalarta a kasashe masu tasowa saboda matsaloli da suka hada da mutuwar da ba ta kai ga lokacin da aka fara ba. Waɗannan yawan masu shan taba sun nuna rashin gamsuwa ga sakamakon, domin galibi su ne marasa lafiya 'mafi muni' da suka daina shan taba. Saboda haka, ƙarshen da aka yi cewa waɗanda ke cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa suna da sakamako mafi kyau na magani fiye da waɗanda ke cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa ba shi da inganci.

Bugu da ƙari, WHO ta gudanar da wani bincike na gaba, Nazarin Ƙasashen Duniya na Schizophrenia (ISOS), shekaru 15 da 25 bayan bincikensu na asali guda biyu. ISOS ta koma ga marasa lafiya na IPSS da DOSMeD bayan wannan lokacin don gwada ko mafi kyawun sakamakon da aka gani a ƙasashe masu tasowa ya ci gaba da dorewa. Duk da haka, an gano cewa rabin marasa lafiya ne kawai daga ƙasashe masu tasowa waɗanda ke da 'mafi kyawun sakamako' a cikin binciken biyu da suka gabata, sun nuna waɗannan sakamako masu kyau a tsawon lokaci. Ƙarin bincike ya goyi bayan wannan canjin na tsawon lokaci, kamar yadda a cikin 2009, Kulhara ya sake duba nazarin schizophrenia 58 don kwatanta sakamakon dogon lokaci daga ƙasashe masu tasowa da masu tasowa. Bincikensa ya gano cewa bayan shekaru 15, har yanzu akwai babban adadin marasa lafiya da ke da sakamako mafi kyau a ƙasashe masu tasowa amma ƙasa da lokacin da aka fara gudanar da binciken. Saboda haka, akwai wani yanayi na ɗan lokaci ga rashin jituwar sakamakon wanda ba a iya lissafa shi ba, wanda ke rage ingancinsa.