Mahaifa
Mahaifa (pl.: cervices) ko mahaifar mahaifa (Latin: cervix uteri) wani kwarangwal ne mai ƙarfi na tsarin haihuwa na mace wanda ke haɗa farji da mahaifa.[1] Mahaifa mace an rubuta ta a zahiri tun aƙalla lokacin Hippocrates, sama da shekaru 2,000 da suka gabata. Mahaifa tana da tsawon santimita 4 (inci 1.6) tare da diamita na kusan santimita 3 (inci 1.2) kuma ana iya siffanta ta da siffar silinda, kodayake bangon gaba da baya na mahaifa suna tare.[1] Girman mahaifa yana canzawa a duk tsawon rayuwar mace. Misali, mata a cikin shekarun haihuwa na zagayowar haihuwarsu suna da manyan mahaifa fiye da mata bayan haila; haka nan, mata waɗanda suka haifi 'ya'ya suna da babban mahaifa fiye da waɗanda ba su da shi.[1]
 Mahaifa | |
|---|---|
gaɓa da class of anatomical entity (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
neck of organ (en) da particular anatomical entity (en) |
| Bangare na |
uterus (en) |
| Arterial supply (en) |
vaginal artery (en) |
| Development of anatomical structure (en) |
cervix development (en) |
| Alaƙanta da |
external orifice of uterus (en) da internal orifice of uterus (en) |
| WordLift URL (en) | http://data.medicalrecords.com/medicalrecords/healthwise/cervix |
Dangane da farji, ɓangaren cervix wanda ke buɗewa cikin mahaifa ana kiransa os na ciki yayin da buɗewar cervix a cikin farji ana kiransa burodi na waje. Tsakanin waɗannan matsanancin shine hanyar da ake kira canal cervical. Ƙananan ɓangaren cervix, wanda aka sani da ɓangaren farji na cervix (ko ectocervix), yana kumbura zuwa saman farji. Endocervix yana kan iyaka da mahaifa. Jirgin cervical yana da aƙalla nau'ikan epithelium guda biyu (lining): glandular epithelium ne wanda ke layi na endocervix tare da Layer ɗaya na sel masu kama da ginshiƙi; yayin da ɓangaren ectocervical na bututun ya ƙunshi squamous epithelium.[1] Squamous epithelia line the conduit tare da da da yawa yadudduka na sel rufe da flat cells. Wadannan layi biyu sun haɗu a mahaɗar squamocolumnar (SCJ). Wannan mahaɗar tana canza wuri sosai a duk rayuwar mace.[1] Cerix shine sashin da ke ba da damar epithelia ya gudana daga mahaifar mace kuma ya fita ta hanyar farji a lokacin haila. Halin haila yana fitar da epithelia daga mahaifar mace tare da kowane lokaci na shekarunta masu haihuwa, sai dai idan ciki ya faru.
Hanyoyi da yawa na hana daukar ciki suna da niyyar hana taki ta hanyar toshe bututun, gami da murfin mahaifa da Diaphragms na mahaifa, hana wucewar maniyyi ta hanyar mahaifa. Sauran hanyoyin sun haɗa da hanyoyin da ke lura da mucus na mahaifa, kamar Creighton Model da hanyar Billings. Canjin yanayin cervical a Lokacin haila, wanda zai iya nuna alamar ovulation.
A lokacin haihuwa na al'aura, dole ne mahaifa ta zama mai laushi kuma ta fadadawa don ba da damar jariri ya ci gaba tare da hanyar haihuwa. Masu haihuwa da likitoci suna amfani da girman fadada mahaifa don taimakawa wajen yanke shawara yayin haihuwa.
Cututtukan mahaifa tare da kwayar cutar papillomavirus (HPV) na iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin epithelium, wanda zai iya haifar da ciwon daji na mahaifa. Gwaje-gwaje na Cytology na mahaifa na iya gano ciwon daji na mahaifa da abubuwan da suka gabata don ba da damar magani na farko, mai nasara. Hanyoyin kauce wa HPV sun haɗa da guje wa jima'i, ta amfani da kwaroron roba, da karɓar Allurar rigakafin HPV. Allurar rigakafin HPV, wanda aka haɓaka a farkon karni na 21, yana rage haɗarin kamuwa da ciwon daji ta hanyar hana kamuwa da cuta daga manyan cututtukan cutar kansa na HPV.[1]
Tsarinta
gyara sashe
Ciki wani bangare ne na tsarin haihuwa na mata. Kusan 2-3 centimeters (0.8-1.2 in) a tsawon, shi ne ƙananan, ƙananan ɓangaren mahaifa, ci gaba a sama tare da ɓangaren sama mafi girma - ko jiki - na mahaifa. [2] Ƙananan ƙarshen cervix yana kumbura ta bangon baya na farji, kuma ana kiransa ɓangaren farji na cervix (ko ectocervix), yayin da sauran cervix sama da farji ana kiransa ɓangarorin supra-aginal na cervixix.[2] Wani tashar tsakiya, wanda aka sani da tashar mahaifa, yana gudana tare da tsawonsa kuma yana haɗa ramin jikin mahaifa tare da lumen na farji.[2] An san ramukan a matsayin kashin ciki da rami na waje na mahaifa (ko kashin waje), bi da bi.[2] An san mucosa da ke gefen tashar mahaifa da endocervix, kuma mucosa da ta rufe ectocervix an san shi da exocervix. Cerix yana da layin mucosal , layin mai laushi mai laushi, kuma daga baya ɓangaren supravaginal yana da murfin serosal wanda ya kunshi nama mai haɗawa da peritoneum mai rufewa.[2]