Hakkin LGBTQ a Iraki
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, da queer (LGBTQ) mutane a Iraki suna fuskantar kalubale masu tsanani waɗanda ba mazauna LGBT ba suka fuskanta. Mutanen LGBTQ a bayyane suna ƙarƙashin hukunci na laifi a ƙarƙashin dokar 2024 da ke sa jima'i ta zama mai azabtarwa har zuwa shekaru 15 a kurkuku tare da tarar da korarsu; dokar 2024 ta kuma aikata laifi kuma ta sa a hukunta su ta hanyar ɗaurin kurkuku da ke inganta luwadi, likitoci da ke yin tiyata ta tabbatar da jinsi, da maza "da gangan suna aikatawa kamar mata". Nuna bambanci ma ya yadu. Ba a ba da izinin maza masu luwadi su yi aiki a cikin soja kuma auren jinsi ɗaya ko haɗin kai na jama'a ba bisa ka'ida ba ne.[1] Mutanen LGBTQ ba su da wani kariya ta doka game da nuna bambanci kuma galibi suna fama da adalci da kisan kai.[1]
 Hakkin LGBTQ a Iraki | |
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| Hakkokin LGBT ta ƙasa ko yanki | |
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| Bayanai | |
| Ƙasa | Irak |
| Tarihin maudu'i |
LGBT history in Iraq (en)  |
Bayan mamayar Burtaniya a Iraki, an sanya dokoki masu tsauri na sodomy. Wadannan dokoki sun ba da izinin nuna bambanci, cin zarafi, da kisan kai ga mambobi a cikin al'ummar LGBTQ ta Iraqi. Da zarar an sami 'yancin kai na Iraqi, waɗannan dokoki har yanzu sun kasance. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, shugabannin cikin Iraki sun yi magana game da rage dokokin sodomy a cikin ƙasar. Ba tare da la'akari da rage dokokin ba, nuna bambanci, cin zarafi, da kisan gillar mambobin al'ummar LGBT har yanzu suna ci gaba.
Gwamnatin Iraqi ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai adawa da LGBTQ tun lokacin da ta sami 'yancin kai a 1932 inda aka haramta luwadi a hukumance. Za a fadada wannan a cikin IRCC Resolution 234 na 2001 wanda zai hukunta sodomy, ko duk wani aikin ɗan luwaɗi, tare da hukuncin kisa.[2] Saboda mummunan zargi da mutanen da ke LGBTQ, kungiyoyi masu gwagwarmaya da yawa suna samun kansu a kan hanyar ko su mai da hankali kan gina haƙuri a Iraki, ko kuma a maimakon haka su mai daɗi kan tabbatar da aminci ko mafaka ga al'ummomin LGBT. A cikin 2024, akwai shirye-shiryen yin jima'i a Iraki har zuwa mutuwa amma an sake fasalin dokar kafin a zartar da ita a hankali daga baya a wannan shekarar don rage hukuncin zuwa shekaru 15 a kurkuku tare da tarar da korarsu.
Tarihin LGBT a Iraki da halattaccen aikin jima'i na jinsi ɗaya
gyara sasheMesopotamiya ta Dā
gyara sasheA cikin Epic of Gilgamesh, wanda aka hada a masarautar Mesopotamiya ta Sumer, dangantakar da ke tsakanin babban mai gabatarwa Gilgamesh da halin Enkidu wasu sun ga shi ɗan luwaɗi ne a yanayi.
Šumma ālu, allon Akkadian, ya haɗa da wannan lambar, inda yake la'akari da luwadi na namiji a cikin haske mai kyau:
Idan mutum ya yi jima'i da kwatankwacinsa daga baya, sai ya zama jagora tsakanin takwarorinsa da 'yan uwansa.
A cikin tsohuwar al'ummar Assuriya, Almanac of Incantations ya ƙunshi addu'o'i da ke yabon daidaito na soyayya tsakanin ma'aurata maza da maza. Mutum yana da 'yancin ziyartar duk karuwa mai luwadi ko barci tare da wani mutum, muddin jita-jita na ƙarya ko fyade ba su da hannu. Duk da haka, an fahimci mutumin da ke ɗaukar rawar biyayya a cikin Mesopotamiya ta dā. [3] Wani Dokar Dokar Assuriya ta Tsakiya daga Assur, wanda ya fara daga 1,075 BC, ya yi Allah wadai da fyade na ɗan luwaɗi ko tilasta jima'i. Yana magana ne game da "maignior" (babban mutum a cikin al'umma) da kuma "makwabcinsa" (wani mai Matsayi na zamantakewa):
Idan wani mai mulki [mutumin Assuriya] ya kwanta tare da maƙwabcinsa [wani ɗan ƙasa], lokacin da suka gurfanar da shi (kuma) suka yanke masa hukunci [ɗan ƙasa na farko], za su kwanta tare tare da shi (da) juya shi ya zama bābān.
Zamanin Musulunci da na zamani
gyara sasheMusulunci ya zama babban addini a yankin bayan nasarar Larabawa ta farko a yankin a karni na 7. Koyaya, duk da haramtacciyar yanayin koyarwar Islama game da luwadi, kasancewar masu luwadi a yankin ya ci gaba har zuwa yanzu.
A farkon zamanin Safavid (1501-1723), lokacin da daular Safavid ta mallaki Mesopotamiya daga 1508 zuwa 1533, an amince da gidajen karuwanci na maza (amrad khane) bisa doka kuma an biya harajin gwamnati.
Mulkin Ottoman da na Burtaniya
gyara sasheA shekara ta 1858, Daular Ottoman, wacce ta mallaki yankin Iraki na zamani a matsayin wani ɓangare na lardin Ottoman Iraki, ta soke Dokokin sodomy da ke akwai. Samun iko a kan yankuna uku na lardin da Burtaniya ta yi (a matsayin umarnin League of Nations da aka sani da British Mandate of Mesopotamia) ya sanya haramtacciyar luwadi, wanda aka bayyana a cikin dokar hukunci a matsayin sodomy a lardin wanda zai kasance da kyau bayan samun 'yancin kai a 1932.
Jamhuriyar Iraki
gyara sasheDokar Laifuka ta 1969, wadda jam'iyyar Ba'athist ta kafa, kawai ta aikata laifuka a cikin shari'o'in zina, jima'i, fyade, karuwanci, ayyukan jama'a, ko shari'oʼin da suka shafi zamba ko wani wanda bai iya ba da izini ba saboda shekaru ko lahani na hankali. Kisan kai da kansa ba laifi ba ne, amma zai iya zama hujja ga nuna bambanci da cin zarafin gwamnati a karkashin dokokin da aka tsara don kare tsaron kasa da ɗabi'ar jama'a.
Daga aiwatar da wannan lambar a cikin 1969 zuwa 2001, jami'an tsaro na Iraqi suna da damar cin zarafi, ɗaure ko ma kashe duk wanda aka ɗauka barazana ga tsaron kasa ko ɗabi'ar jama'a. Ana iya cin zarafin mutanen LGBT, ɗaure su ko kuma a tilasta su zama 'yan leƙen asiri ga gwamnatin.
Ba a yarda da wata kungiya ta kare hakkin LGBT ta wanzu a Iraki ba, kuma dokokin da aka tsara musamman don nuna bambanci ga mutanen LGBT sun fara bayyana a cikin shekarun 1980.[4] An sake yin jima'i laifi ta hanyar ƙuduri na 1988, amma kawai lokacin da ya shafi karuwanci. [Yaƙi da Dokar Karuwanci No. 8 na 1988].
An yi wa Dokar Yanayin Mutum ta Iraqi gyare-gyare a cikin shekarun 1980s don ba da izini ga matar ta saki mijinta a lokuta inda mijinta yake da laifin jima'i. Har ila yau, an yi amfani da "kisan girmamawa" a cikin dokar iyali, wanda ke nufin cewa wani memba na iyali na iya kashe mutanen LGBT saboda kawo "abin kunya" ko "abin kunya " ga iyali.
Lokacin da annobar cutar AIDS-HIV ta kai Iraki a 1986, Saddam Hussein ya yi imanin cewa za a iya yaduwar cutar ta hanyar hulɗa ta yau da kullun, don haka ya umarci duk Iraki da ke fama da cutar da su koma wani gidan kurkuku na musamman. Rashin sani game da cutar yana nufin cewa duk 'yan Iraqi da ke fama da cutar haemophilia, tare da masu luwadi, galibi ana zargin su da ɗaukar cutar.
Bayan yaƙin da ya yi da Iran, Saddam Hussein ya ji bukatar kara goyon bayansa tsakanin 'yan Iraqi tare da ƙa'idodin zamantakewar Islama na gargajiya, ƙungiyar da aka sani da Kamfen na Bangaskiya, babban kamfen don sake fasalin hoton Saddam Hussein daga na mai zaman kansa, zuwa na zakara na al'adun Islama. Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da gwamnati ta cimma wannan ita ce ta hanyar tsayayya mai ƙarfi, da kuma jama'a, ga mutanen LGBT.
Manazarta
gyara sashe- 1 2 "LGBT Rights in Iraq | Equaldex". www.equaldex.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-08-30.
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
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<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Greenberg". - ↑ "DYING TO COME OUT: THE WAR ON GAYS IN IRAQ: GQ Features on men.style.com". Archived from the original on 2007-05-13. Retrieved 2007-02-07.