Mr.Bryant 4
05/10/04 notes
DECOLONIZATION AND POSTWAR SETTLEMENTS
DECOLONIZATION
CIVIL WAR IN CHINA
-chiang kai-shek principle allie of US in WWII against Japan
-allowed for the rise of mao tse-tung and the communist party
***READ THE BOOK ON THIS SECTION
CIVIL WAR IN CHINA
DECOLONIZATION IN AFRICA AND ASIA AFTER WWII
map 1
-large indian influence in the united kingdom bc of the original colonization
-india negotiated a peace with GB
-all south east asian colonies returned
-vietkong kicked out french in the 50s
-phillipines was US territory gained from Spain, granted independence in 1946
-all of the islands (sumatra,singapore,etc) something when the governing countries when they pulled out they created a govermental vaccuum, there was no control and it was left to rivaling factors to take over
-when the english left what was then trans-jordan they left a serious power vacuum
-1948, israel created, at the cost of palestine, which led to the conflicts between the 2
-one of the main reasons for the creation of israel was bc of guilt from the holocaust, the jews needed a homeland
map 2
map 3
-europe had at least enough control that it kept the civil wars to a minimum
-s.africa, england had large influence
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
-pic of the berlin wall
-cold war started as WWII ended
-conflicts between western allies and soviet union
-bc the soviet union didnt hold up its end of the bargain
1.supposed to be allowed the right to vote
2.soviets taking control of more land than needed
DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLD WAR
-the soviet union did try to take over greece which led to civil war in greece in 1948
-as soviets marched eastward on the race for berlin, theyd take factories and ship it home, they pillaged anything they could get their hands on
-we had the b29 bomber, no one else had it, so we could drop a bomb
-we had the technology to build a bomb
-russians used crashed planes from US POWs to recreate a b29
-germany was occupied by the french, GB, english, and Soviets
-atlantic charter, teron, casablanca, yah - 4 conferances ***edit later***
-Division of germany as planned never really happened until 1991
THE MARSHALL PLAN (1947-1948)
-after WWII europe was still in a depression like they were before
-marshall plan, not a punishment for germany
1.counter communism
2.rebuild the country
-churchill was on lecture tour, started term iron curtain - land occupied by soviet union
DIVIDING GERMANY
-many planes shot down by russians in the 1940s-1960s
-berlin airlift was very dramatic, cargo planes flew 24/7 supplying the people with everything they needed to run the city for about a year
OCCUPATION OF GERMANY AND AUSTRIA MAP
-famous place in berlin that no longer exists, checkpoint charlie, the gate between east and west berlin
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION AND THE WARSAW PACT
-russians built berlin wall to keep people communist
-mid 80s, reagan was sitting on the west side of the wall and made speech saying Mr.Gorbachev bring down this wall
-not related to UN, strictly western
-we have bases in germany
-good halfway point
-keep germans from rebuilding
-warsaw pact = anything behind the iron curtain
THE COLD WAR HEATS UP: PROBLEMS OF THE ATOMIC AGE
-truman authorized construction of hyrdrogen bomb, 100s of times stronger than fat man and little boy
-why the US never gave up the option to use Nukes first, never thought itd be able to stop soviets if they attacked, bc they had more men, so we had it as a threat
-MAD - mutually assured destruction
GLOBAL NUCLEAR CONFRONTATION
-we knew from w.allie POV that there was no way we could counter their army size
-US: had developed the missile tech, we had bombers, submarines,
1962 was very close to war (cuban missile crisis)
-russian and american tech very close
LOSING CHINA
-mao tse-tung hated the US until about 1972 when we opened up relationships
-1972, nixon went as the first diplomamtic mission since the reds took over china
*N.Koreans invaded S.Korea, N. was communists - S. was a republic, unexpected, US went to war to help, MacArthur went to help, military governor of china, retook the nation of s.korea from the n.koreans and chased them back to the chinese border
-the war then became political
-wasnt allowed to bomb the supplie lines from china
-after result from chasing n.koreans, the chinese invaded
-when the chinese invaded, the tone of the war changed
-engaging the chinese brought fear of the inclusion of soviets causing WWIII
-truman sent macarthur home in 1951
*possible bonus:
inchong - was a big a gamble as DDay was, little port city in n.korea north of seoul, military gamble that could have cost US the war
-amphibious invasion that was thought impossible, critical on timing, hit or miss, US invaded inchon
-basically cut korea in half, and cut off chinese supplies
-38th parallel - n.koreans chased all the way back past 38th
**EXTRA ON BATTLE OF THE BULGE
-late 1944, germany was like dude were going to lose, so they went to belgium and wanted to control ljsfjs only problem was fuel, launched assault in middle of winter westward and totally suprised the allies almost beat the allies, captured many troops, one key factor that helped the allies was that general patin had a feeling and started moving his men north in preparation, the germans stayed there with their tiger tank (most advanced in the world) the us had nothing to counter that tank it basically over ran everyone
-one thing we were denied was that we couldnt use the airforce bc of weather
-wasnt until after christmas planes could be used
-the germans ran out of fuel and didnt capture beston which was critical bc it had 5 major roads to antwerp bc 101st airforce head off the germans
-battling bastards of baston, held off germans long enough for patin and airforce to help
-just north of them the 82nd airforce division was totally surrounded too
-ultimately shut down the german defense
-they kept falling back until we had captured berlin
-allies had firm handle on supplies, germans lost stalingrad, japan lost all their islands bc of lack of supplies
DECOLONIZATION AND POSTWAR SETTLEMENTS
DECOLONIZATION
CIVIL WAR IN CHINA
-chiang kai-shek principle allie of US in WWII against Japan
-allowed for the rise of mao tse-tung and the communist party
***READ THE BOOK ON THIS SECTION
CIVIL WAR IN CHINA
DECOLONIZATION IN AFRICA AND ASIA AFTER WWII
-large indian influence in the united kingdom bc of the original colonization
-india negotiated a peace with GB
-all south east asian colonies returned
-vietkong kicked out french in the 50s
-phillipines was US territory gained from Spain, granted independence in 1946
-all of the islands (sumatra,singapore,etc) something when the governing countries when they pulled out they created a govermental vaccuum, there was no control and it was left to rivaling factors to take over
-when the english left what was then trans-jordan they left a serious power vacuum
-1948, israel created, at the cost of palestine, which led to the conflicts between the 2
-one of the main reasons for the creation of israel was bc of guilt from the holocaust, the jews needed a homeland
-europe had at least enough control that it kept the civil wars to a minimum
-s.africa, england had large influence
ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR
-pic of the berlin wall
-cold war started as WWII ended
-conflicts between western allies and soviet union
-bc the soviet union didnt hold up its end of the bargain
1.supposed to be allowed the right to vote
2.soviets taking control of more land than needed
DEVELOPMENT OF THE COLD WAR
-the soviet union did try to take over greece which led to civil war in greece in 1948
-as soviets marched eastward on the race for berlin, theyd take factories and ship it home, they pillaged anything they could get their hands on
-we had the b29 bomber, no one else had it, so we could drop a bomb
-we had the technology to build a bomb
-russians used crashed planes from US POWs to recreate a b29
-germany was occupied by the french, GB, english, and Soviets
-atlantic charter, teron, casablanca, yah - 4 conferances ***edit later***
-Division of germany as planned never really happened until 1991
THE MARSHALL PLAN (1947-1948)
-after WWII europe was still in a depression like they were before
-marshall plan, not a punishment for germany
1.counter communism
2.rebuild the country
-churchill was on lecture tour, started term iron curtain - land occupied by soviet union
DIVIDING GERMANY
-many planes shot down by russians in the 1940s-1960s
-berlin airlift was very dramatic, cargo planes flew 24/7 supplying the people with everything they needed to run the city for about a year
OCCUPATION OF GERMANY AND AUSTRIA MAP
-famous place in berlin that no longer exists, checkpoint charlie, the gate between east and west berlin
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION AND THE WARSAW PACT
-russians built berlin wall to keep people communist
-mid 80s, reagan was sitting on the west side of the wall and made speech saying Mr.Gorbachev bring down this wall
-not related to UN, strictly western
-we have bases in germany
-good halfway point
-keep germans from rebuilding
-warsaw pact = anything behind the iron curtain
THE COLD WAR HEATS UP: PROBLEMS OF THE ATOMIC AGE
-truman authorized construction of hyrdrogen bomb, 100s of times stronger than fat man and little boy
-why the US never gave up the option to use Nukes first, never thought itd be able to stop soviets if they attacked, bc they had more men, so we had it as a threat
-MAD - mutually assured destruction
GLOBAL NUCLEAR CONFRONTATION
-we knew from w.allie POV that there was no way we could counter their army size
-US: had developed the missile tech, we had bombers, submarines,
1962 was very close to war (cuban missile crisis)
-russian and american tech very close
LOSING CHINA
-mao tse-tung hated the US until about 1972 when we opened up relationships
-1972, nixon went as the first diplomamtic mission since the reds took over china
*N.Koreans invaded S.Korea, N. was communists - S. was a republic, unexpected, US went to war to help, MacArthur went to help, military governor of china, retook the nation of s.korea from the n.koreans and chased them back to the chinese border
-the war then became political
-wasnt allowed to bomb the supplie lines from china
-after result from chasing n.koreans, the chinese invaded
-when the chinese invaded, the tone of the war changed
-engaging the chinese brought fear of the inclusion of soviets causing WWIII
-truman sent macarthur home in 1951
*possible bonus:
inchong - was a big a gamble as DDay was, little port city in n.korea north of seoul, military gamble that could have cost US the war
-amphibious invasion that was thought impossible, critical on timing, hit or miss, US invaded inchon
-basically cut korea in half, and cut off chinese supplies
-38th parallel - n.koreans chased all the way back past 38th
**EXTRA ON BATTLE OF THE BULGE
-late 1944, germany was like dude were going to lose, so they went to belgium and wanted to control ljsfjs only problem was fuel, launched assault in middle of winter westward and totally suprised the allies almost beat the allies, captured many troops, one key factor that helped the allies was that general patin had a feeling and started moving his men north in preparation, the germans stayed there with their tiger tank (most advanced in the world) the us had nothing to counter that tank it basically over ran everyone
-one thing we were denied was that we couldnt use the airforce bc of weather
-wasnt until after christmas planes could be used
-the germans ran out of fuel and didnt capture beston which was critical bc it had 5 major roads to antwerp bc 101st airforce head off the germans
-battling bastards of baston, held off germans long enough for patin and airforce to help
-just north of them the 82nd airforce division was totally surrounded too
-ultimately shut down the german defense
-they kept falling back until we had captured berlin
-allies had firm handle on supplies, germans lost stalingrad, japan lost all their islands bc of lack of supplies