Judy Garland
Frances Ethel Gumm, (Grand Rapids, 1922ko ekainaren 10a - Londres, 1969ko ekainaren 22a), ezagunagoa Judy Garland ezizenaz, aktore eta abeslari estatubatuarra izan zen. Liza Minnelli aktorea zuen alaba.[1][2] Hollywoodeko urrezko garaiko ikonoa, bere ibilbidean musikalak txertatu zituen Technicolor filmean, zuri-beltzeko drama kontenplatiboak, ekitaldi metamusikalak eta Mickey Rooney, Gene Kelly edo Vincente Minnelli bezalako pertsonaiekin kolaborazioak.[3]
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Biografia
aldatuIkuskizunetan lan egiten zuten bere gurasoek eta neba-arrebek. Antzerki musikala giroan hazi zen. [4]
Abeslaria
aldatu30 hilabete zituela, oholtzara igo zuten gabonetako ekitaldi batean 'Jingle Bells' abestera. [5] Hiru urte besterik ez zituela gurasoen ikuskizun batean hartu zuen parte. Oraindik umea zela The Gumm Sisters Kiddie taldea sortu zien bere amak hiru alaba nagusiei.[4] 11 urterekin heldu batek bezala abesten zuen. [5]
Dantza eta kantu ikasketak egin ostean, AEBetan barna ibili zen, betiere ahizpekin. Izen artistikoa aldatzea erabaki zuten; Garland ahizpak bilakatu ziren, eta, hortik aurrera, Frances Judy bilakatu zen.[6]
Aktorea
aldatu30eko hamarkadan taldea desegin ondoren, amarekin Hollywoodera joan zen Garland. Zineman lan egiteko hainbat probatan parte hartu eta azkenean, bere ahotsaz denak liluratuta utzi ostean, Metro Goldwyn Mayerrekin kontratua sinatu zuen. 13 urte zituen.[4] 1939n, 16 urterekin, ospea lortu zuen The Wizard of Oz filmarekin. [5] Hortik aurrera, Garlanden istorioa markatu zuten sexu-abusuek, adikzioek eta oso goiz hasitako ibilbide artistikoak. [3]
"[The wizard of Oz-en] bizitza miserablea egin zioten Judyri errodaje-setean, eskuak soinekoaren azpian sartuz... Gizonek 40 urte edo gehiago zituzten". (Sidney Luft)[7]
Metro-Goldwyn-Meyerrek dieta bat ezarri zion 13 urte zituenetik: zopa, uraza eta 80 zigarro egunero. Lanerako anfetaminak eta lo egiteko barbiturikoak ematen zizkioten. 25 urterekin, psikiatriko batean bere buruaz beste egiten saiatu zen. Somniferoekiko, alkoholarekiko eta morfinarekiko mendekotasuna izan zuen.Substantzia horiekiko guztiekiko mendetasuna sorrarazi zion Metro-Goldwyn-Meyerrek berak kalean utzi zuen. [8]
40ko hamarkadan zineman, antzerkian eta irratian arrakasta lortu zuen. A Star Is Born (1954) filmari esker. George Cukorrek zuzendutako pelikula, Oscarretarako lehen izendapena jaso zuen aktoreak. Garlandek ez zuen beste pelikula bat egin ia hamar urte pasa arte. Stanley Kramerren Winners and Sinners (1961) filmagatik Emakumezko Aktore Onenaren Oscarrerako izendatu zuten berriro Garland, oraingoan ere ez zuen eraman etxera.[4]
Abeslari gisa, munduan barna ibili zen, eta 1961. urtean New Yorkeko Carnegie Hall aretoan eman zuen kontzertua erreferentziazkoa izan zen. Emanaldi horretatik atera zuten diskoak, Judy at Carnegie Hall, arrakasta itzela eskuratu zuen. [6]
Heriotza
aldatu47 urte zituela hil zen pilula-gaindosi baten ondorioz.[8] Bertsio ofizialak bihotzeko infartuak jota hil zela esan zuen. [9]
Filmografia
aldatu| Filma | Urtea | Pertsonaia |
|---|---|---|
| The Big Revue | 1929 | Bera |
| A Holiday in Storyland | 1930 | Bera |
| Bubbles | 1930 | Bera |
| The Wedding of Jack and Jill | 1930 | Bera |
| La Fiesta de Santa Barbara | 1935 | Bera |
| Every Sunday | 1936 | Judy |
| Pigskin Parade | 1936 | Sairy Dodd |
| Broadway Melody of 1938 | 1937 | Betty Clayton |
| Thoroughbreds Don't Cry | 1937 | Cricket West |
| Everybody Sing | 1938 | Judy Bellaire |
| Love Finds Andy Hardy | 1938 | Betsy Booth |
| Listen, Darling | 1938 | "Pinkie" Wingate |
| The Wizard of Oz | 1939 | Dorothy Gale |
| Babes in Arms | 1939 | Patsy Barton |
| Andy Hardy Meets Debutante | 1940 | Betsy Booth |
| Strike Up the Band | 1940 | Mary Holden |
| Little Nellie Kelly | 1940 | Nellie Noonan Kelly |
| Ziegfeld Girl | 1941 | Susan Gallagher |
| Life Begins for Andy Hardy | 1941 | Miss Betsy Booth |
| Babes on Broadway | 1941 | Penny Morris |
| We Must Have Music | 1942 | Bera |
| For Me and My Gal | 1942 | Jo Hayden |
| Thousands Cheer | 1943 | Bera |
| Presenting Lily Mars | 1943 | Lily Mars |
| Girl Crazy | 1943 | Ginger Gray |
| Meet Me in St. Louis | 1944 | Esther Smith |
| The Clock | 1945 | Alice Mayberry |
| The Harvey Girls | 1946 | Susan Bradley |
| Ziegfeld Follies | 1946 | |
| 'Till the Clouds Roll By | 1946 | Marilyn Miller |
| Words and Music | 1948 | Bera |
| The Pirate | 1948 | Manuela Ava |
| Easter Parade | 1948 | Hannah Brown |
| In the Good Old Summertime | 1949 | Veronica Fisher |
| Summer Stock | 1950 | Jane Falbury |
| A Star Is Born | 1954 | Vicki Lester |
| Pepe | 1960 | Bera |
| Judgment at Nuremberg | 1961 | Mrs. Irene Hoffman Wallner |
| Gay Purr-ee | 1962 | Mewsette |
| A Child Is Waiting | 1963 | Jean Hansen |
| I Could Go On Singing | 1963 | Jenny Bowman |
Diskografia
aldatuSingleak
aldatu| Urtea | Abestia | Katalogoa | Urtea | Abestia | Katalogoa |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1936 | Swing Mr. Charlie / Stomping at the Savoy | Decca 848 | 1945 | This Heart of Mine / Love | Decca 18660 |
| 1937 | Everybody Sing | Decca 1332 | 1945 | Smilin' Through / You'll Never Walk Alone | Decca 23539 |
| 1937 | All God's Chillun Got Rhythm / Everybody Sing | Decca 1432 | 1945 | In the Valley / When the Evening Sun Comes Down | Decca 23438 |
| 1937 | (Dear Mr. Gable) You Made Me Love You / You Can't Have Everything | Decca 1463 | 1945 | Round and Round | Decca 23459 |
| 1938 | Cry, Baby, Cry / Sleep, My Baby, Sleep | Decca 1796 | 1945 | It's a Great Big World (w. Virginia O'Brien) | Decca 23460 |
| 1938 | It Never Rains But It Pours / Ten Pins in the Sky | Brunswick 02656 | 1946 | For You, For Me, Forevermore / Aren't You Kinda Glad We Did? (w. Dick Haymes) | Decca 23687 |
| 1939 | Over The Rainbow / The Jitterbug | Decca 2672 | 1946 | Changing My Tune | Decca 23688 |
| 1939 | Over The Rainbow / Dear Mr. Gable | MGM-KGC 166 | 1946 | There is no Breeze / Don't Tell Me That Story | Decca 23746 |
| 1939 | Embraceable You / Swanee | Decca 2881 | 1946 | I Wish I Were in Love Again | Decca 24469 |
| 1939 | Zing! Went the Strings of my Heart / Fascinatin' Rhythm | Decca 18543 | 1946 | Look For the Silver Lining | MGM 30002 |
| 1939 | In Between / Sweet Sixteen | Decca 15045 | 1946 | Who? | MGM 30003 |
| 1939 | Oceans Apart / Figaro | Brunswick 2953 | 1946 | Look For the Silver Lining | MGM 30431 |
| 1940 | Friendship (Johnny Mercerrekin) / Wearing of the Green | Decca 3/65 | 1948 | Be a Clown | MGM 30097 |
| 1940 | Buds Won't Bud / I'm Nobody's Baby | Decca 3174 | 1948 | Love of My Life / You Can Do No Wrong | MGM 30098 |
| 1940 | The End of the Rainbow | Decca 3231 | 1948 | Mack the Black | MGM 30099 |
| 1940 | Our Love Affair / I'm Always Chasing Rainbows | Decca 3593 | 1948 | Johnny One Note / I Wish I Were in Love Again | MGM 30172 |
| 1940 | It's a Great Day for the Irish / A Pretty Girl | Decca 3604 | 1948 | Easter Parade / A Fella With an Umbrella (Peter Lawfordekin) | MGM 30185 |
| 1940 | The Birthday of a King / Star of the East | Decca 4050 | 1948 | A Couple of Swells / Medley (Fred Astairerekin) | MGM 30186 |
| 1941 | How About You? / F.D.R. Jones | Decca 4072 | 1948 | Better Luck Next Time | MGM 30187 |
| 1941 | Poor You / Last Call For Love | Decca 18320 | 1949 | Put Your Arms Around Me, Honey / Meet Me Tonight in Dreamland | MGM 50025 |
| 1942 | For Me and My Gal / When You Wore a Tulip (Gene Kellyrekin) | Decca 9-25115 | 1949 | Play That Barbershop Chord / I Don't Care | MGM 50026 |
| 1942 | I Never Knew / On the Sunny Side of the Street | Decca 18524 | 1950 | Happy Harvest / If You Feel Like Singing | MGM 3025 |
| 1942 | That Old Black Magic / Poor Little Rich Girl | Decca 18540 | 1950 | Friendly Star / Get Happy | MGM 30254 |
| 1943 | Embraceable You / Could You Use Me? | Decca 23303 | 1954 | Send My Baby Back to Me / Without a Memory | Columbia 40010 |
| 1943 | But Not For Me | Decca 23309 | 1954 | Go Home, Joe / Heartbroken | Columbia 40023 |
| 1943 | Over the Rainbow / I May Be Wrong | V-Disc 335-A | 1954 | The Man That Got Away / Here's What I'm Here For | Columbia 40270 |
| 1943 | Bidin' My Time / I've Got Rhythm | Decca 23310 | 1955 | Maybe I'll Come Back / Over the Rainbow | Capitol 6128 |
| 1943 | No Love, No Nothin' / A Journey to a Star | Decca 18484 | 1957 | It's Lovely to Be Back Again in London / By Myself | EMI-CL 14791 |
| 1944 | Meet Me in St. Louis / Skip to my Lou | Decca 23360 | 1961 | Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart / Rockabye My Baby | Capitol 4624 |
| 1944 | The Trolley Song / Boys and Girls Like You and Me | Decca 23361 | 1961 | San Francisco / Chicago | Capitol 6125 |
| 1944 | Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas / The Boy Next Door | Decca 23362 | 1961 | The Man That Got Away | Capitol 6126 |
| 1944 | The Trolley Song / Meet Me in St. Louis | Decca 25494 | 1961 | Swanee / That's Entertainment | Capitol 6129 |
| 1945 | Yah-ta-ta / You've Got Me Where You Want Me (Bing Crosbyrekin) | Decca 23410 | 1961 | Come Rain or Come Shine / Rockabye My Baby | Capitol 6127 |
| 1945 | Connecticut / Mine | Decca 23804 | 1962 | Little Drops of Rain / Paris is a Lovely Town | Warner Bros. 5310 |
| 1945 | If I Had You / On The Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe | Decca 23436 | 1962 | Comes Once in a Lifetime / Sweet Danger | Capitol 4656 |
| 1945 | Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas / You'll Never Walk Alone | Decca 9-29295 | 1962 | Hello Bluebird / I Could Go On Singing | Capitol 4938 |
| 1945 | The Boy Next Door / Smilin' Through | Decca 9-29296 | 1964 | Hello Dolly / He's Got the Whole World in His Hands (Liza Minnellirekin) | Capitol 5497 |
Albumak
aldatu- 1955 Miss Show Business
- 1956 Judy
- 1957 Alone
- 1958 Judy in Love
- 1959 Garland at the Grove
- 1959 The Letter
- 1960 Judy: That's Entertainment!
- 1960 Judy Garland à Paris
- 1961 Judy at Carnegie Hall
- 1962 The Garland Touch
- 1962 Judy Takes Broadway
- 1963 I Could Go On Singing
- 1964 Just for Openers
- 1964 Judy Garland Sings Maggie May
- 1965 Judy Garland and Liza Minnelli 'Live' at the London Palladium
- 1967 At Home at the Palace
- 1986 America's Treasure
- 1987 The Best of Judy Garland
- 1990 The Best of the Decca Years Volume 1 - Hits!
- 1991 The Great MGM Stars: Judy Garland
- 1992 The Last Years 1965 - 1969: It's All for You
- 1993 Judy Garland - Child of Hollywood
- 1993 The Ladies of the 20th Century: Judy Garland
- 1994 Legends: Judy Garland
- 1994 The Complete Decca Masters
- 1995 Great Ladies of Song: Spotlight on Judy Garland
- 1996 You Made Me Love You
- 1996 Collectors Gems from the MGM Films
- 1997 Judy Duets
- 1998 Judy: A Musical Anthology
- 1998 Judy Garland in Hollywood - Her Greatest Movie Hits
- 1999 The One and Only Judy Garland
- 1999 20th Century Masters - The Millennium Collection: The Best of Judy Garland
- 2001 Over the Rainbow: The Very Best of Judy Garland
- 2004 EMI Comedy: Judy Garland
- 2005 That Old Feeling: Classic Ballads From The Judy Garland Show
- 2006 Great Day! Rare Recordings From The Judy Garland Show
- 2006 The Essential Judy Garland
- 2007 The Letter
- 2007 The Very Best Of Judy Garland
- 2008 Judy Garland: Classiques et inédits 1929-1956
Eragina
aldatuLGTB ikonoa
aldatuGarland ikono handia izan zen gay, lesbiana eta transexual komunitatearentzat. Neskatoa zela, Garlandek errealitatearen eta ametsaren arteko muga hautsi zuen The wizard of Oz (1939) filmean, eta istorio hura metafora moduko bat bihurtu zen sexualitatea ezkutuan bizi behar zuten askorentzat.[10] Azken finean, XX. mendeko mundu arrazionalean sartu ezin ziren izaki marjinalen istorioa zen The wizard of Oz. Eta Garlandek filmeko kanturik ospetsuena, Over the Rainbow, hirurogeiko hamarkadan Carnegie Hallen eskaintzen zen ikuskizunik gorena bihurtzen jakin zuen, New Yorkeko LGTB komunitatearentzako topagunea.[11]
Judy filma (2019)
aldatu2019ko filmak Judy Garlanden bizitzaren azken hilabete horiek dira Rupert Gooldek Judy filmean kontatu dituenak. Renee Zellwegerrek egin zuen Garlandena, Besteak beste, emakumezko aktore onenaren Oscar sarirako izendapena lortu du Zellwegerrek filmean egindako lanagatik.[6][12]
Irudi galeria
aldatu
Erreferentziak
aldatu- ↑ (Ingelesez) «Judy Garland | Biography, Movies, Songs, & Facts | Britannica» www.britannica.com (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
- ↑ «Judy Garland» IMDb (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
- 1 2 (Gaztelaniaz) RTVE.es. (2022-06-06). «Judy Garland, la actriz más allá de 'Mago de Oz'» RTVE.es (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
- 1 2 3 4 «Erreportai didaktikoa - hiru» www.hiru.eus (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
- 1 2 3 (Gaztelaniaz) «Judy Garland, una tristísima vida desde la infancia» ELMUNDO 2019-12-06 (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
- 1 2 3 Agote, Gontzal. «Arrakasta goiztiarra eta ibilbide gorabeheratsua» Berria (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
- ↑ (Gaztelaniaz) País, El. (2017-02-08). «Judy Garland sufrió abusos en el rodaje de ‘El mago de Oz’, según su exmarido» El País ISSN 1134-6582. (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
- 1 2 (Gaztelaniaz) Sanguino, Juan. (2019-10-20). «El lado oscuro de 12 grandes iconos de Hollywood» El País ISSN 1134-6582. (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
- ↑ (Gaztelaniaz) Madrid, Jose. (2015-07-04). «Judy Garland, la trágica muerte de una estrella que impulsó el Orgullo Gay» vanitatis.elconfidencial.com (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
- ↑ «Judy Garland versus Anne Hathaway» Gaztezulo (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
- ↑ (Gaztelaniaz) Primo, Carlos. (2019-08-20). «Un extraño camino de baldosas amarillas» El País ISSN 1134-6582. (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
- ↑ Goold, Rupert. (2019-10-04). Judy. Pathé, BBC Films, Ingenious Media (kontsulta data: 2022-08-18).
