Wikipedia

Aes Side

Aos sí ( [eːsˠ ˈʃiː] ahoskatua) bere forma zaharrenean Aes sídhe [[eːsˠ ˈʃiːə]) irlandar mitologiako eta Eskoziako mitologiako (non gehienetan Sìth idazten den, baina berdin ahoskatzen den) naturaz gaindiko arraza bat da, germaniar jatorriko mitologiako eta folkloreko maitagarriekin edo elfoekin konparatu daitekeena.

Aes Side
Irlandar mitologia, Eskoziar mitologia eta Ziklo mitologikoa
Ezaugarriak

Lurpean ireluen muinoetan bizi omen dira, mendebaldeko itsasoaren betaldean edo gizakien munduarekin nahastuta dagoen mundu ikusezin batean. Mundu hori, Lebor Gabála Érenn epopeian, unibertso paralelo baten izaera ematen zaio, non aos sí-ak bizidunen artean ibiltzen diren. Irlanderaz, aos sí izenak "muinoetako jendea edo lur-muluetako" esan nahi du (mendixkak "sidhe" hitzak, lur-mukulu[1] edo muinotxo esan nahi du irlandera zaharrean). Irlandera modernoan, mendixketako jendeari daoine sídhe ere esaten zaio [ˈd̪ˠiːnʲə ˈʃiːə]. Eskoziako mitologian daoine sìth esaten zaie.[2] Arbasoak, naturaren izpirituak edo jainkosa eta jainkoak direla esan izan da.[3]

Ingelesezko bigarren ete hirugarren mailako iturri batzuk, horien artean W. B. Yeats. idazle ezagun eta eraginkorrak,"the sídhe" (literalki, "lur-mukuluak") esaten diete, besterik gabe.[4]

Folklore gaelikoan

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John Duncanen "Sidheetako zaldunak" (1911).

Ipuin gaeliko askotan, aos delakoak Tuatha Dé Danann ("Dana jainkosaren herria"), irlandar mitologiako jainko eta jainkotutako arbasoen geroagoko bertsio literarioak dira. Zenbait iturriren arabera, Tuatha Dé Danann familiatik bizirik irten zirenak Beste Mundura erretiratu ziren, Míl Espáine pertsonaiaren seme-alaba inbaditzaileengandik ihes egiteko. Tuatha Dé Danannek, milesiarren aurrean amore eman ondoren, erretiratzea eta lurpean bizitzea erabaki zuten. Geroago idatzitako interpretazioetan, Tuatha Dé Danannen tribu bakoitzari bere muinotxoa eman zitzaion.

Herri-sinesmen eta ohituretan, aos sí-ak, eskaintzekin baretzen dira sarritan, eta kontuz ibili beharra dago haiek haserretu edo iraindu nahi ez baditugu. Askotan ez dira zuzenean aipatzen, eta "Auzokide onak", "Jende maitagarria" edo "Jendea" deitzen zaie. Beraientzat ohikoenak diren izenek, aos sí, aes sídhe, daoine sídhe (singular duine sídhe) eta daoine sìth, "mendixketako jendea" esan nahi dute, hitzez hitz. Aos sí-ak, oro har, izugarri ederrak dira, baina beldurgarriak eta itsusi-itsusiak ere izan daitezke.

Aos sí-ak beren bizilekuen zaindari basatiak dira, izan muino bat, sorgin-eraztun bat, zuhaitz berezi bat (sarritan elorria ) edo izan loch (aintzira) edo baso berezi bat. Uste denez, espazio horiek urratuz gero, aos sí-ek mendeku hartuko dituzte, beren etxeetan sartu diren pertsonak edo objektuak ateratzeko ahaleginean. Folklorean aldatutako haurraren kontakizunetan ager daitezke. kasu horietan, aos sí ume arrotzak bahitzen dituzte eta euren seme-alaben ordezkatzen dituzte, transgresioa zigortzeko.

Urte sasoi jakin batzuei eta eguneko ordu jakin batzuei lotuta egoten dira. Beste Mundu gaelikoa (Tír na nÓg) eta gizakien mundua hurbilago dago iluntze eta egunsentiko orduetan,eta une horietan, errazago aurki daitezke izaki horiek. Samhain, Beltane eta Uda erdiko jai egunak ere aos sí -ekin erlazionatua daude.

Sidhe-ak

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Tarako muinoa, sidhe garrantzitsu bat da, mundu honen eta Beste muduaren arteko ataria.

Sidhe-ak Irlandako paisaia zipriztintzen duten muino edo tumuluak dira. Irlandera modernoan, hitza Sí da; gaeliko eskoziarrean, berriz, sìth da, eta irlandera zaharrean, berriz, side, eta singularra, berriz, sid. Ondoren, ingelesez idatzitako zenbait testutan, sidhe hitza oker erabiltzen da sídhe muinoak eta muinoetan bizi diren ireluentzat. Bina testu zaharrenetan sidh hitza bertan bizi diren Beste Munduko izakien "jauregi, patio, korridore edo egoitzak" dira zehazki.[5] Sídhe hauetako asko hileta-tumulu zaharrak direla jakiteak, aos sí-ak Irlandako okupatzaile aurezeltak zirela teoria babesten lagundu zuen.[6]

Beste batzuek uste dute istorio horiek Greziako eragin kulturalaren mitologiaren ekoizpena dela. Hesiodoren Lanak eta egunak lana izango litzateke eragin handiena izan zuena. Idazlan horretan Greziako herritarren oinarrizko oinarri morala eta landatzeko teknikak erretratatu zituen Hesiodok eta greziar jainkoek sortu gizakien arrazak deskribatu zituen. Hala ere, iritzi horietako asko ez dira oso sinesgarritzat jotzen, eta eragina bi kulturen amankomuneko testuinguru indoeuroparretik eratortzen diren antzeko oinarri moralak izan zituztelako azal daiteke.

Motak

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Banshee edo bean sídhe hitzak (antzinako irlanderaz: ban síde), "sidhe-etako emakumea" esan nahi duena, Irlandako edozein naturaz gaindiko emakumeri egin dakioke erreferentzia uste dute batzuk. Eskoziar mitologian bere kontrapartea bean sìth da (batzuetan bean-sìdh idatzita). Badira beste aldaera batzuk ere, hala nola, bean nighe eskoziarra (hiltzera kondenatuta dagoen pertsonaren arropa edo armadura odoleztatua garbitzen duen garbitzaile bat), leanan sídhe ("sorgin-maitalea"), cat-sith (sorgin-katua) eta cù sìth (sorgin-txakurra).[7]

Sluagh sidhe-ak, "oste feerikoak", batzuetan irlandar eta eskoziar tradizioan airean dauden espiritu ugari talde bat da, agian hildako madarikatuak, gaiztoak edo urduriak. Siabhrak (ingelesez sheevra esaten zaio) espiritu txiki horietako bat izan daitezke, gaitzak eta gaiztakeriak eragiteko joera duten horietakoak. Hala ere, Ulsterren abesti ezagun batek "sheevra" hitza erabiltzen du "izpiritu" edo "maitagarri" bati erreferentzia egiteko.[8][9][10]

Zerrenda

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  • Abarta
  • Abhartach
  • Alp-luachra
  • Bean nighe / Caoinge-a
  • Banshee
  • Cait Sith
  • Cù Sìth
  • Kliodhna
  • Clurichaun
  • Dobhar-chú
  • Dullahan
  • Ellén Trechend
  • Fachen
  • Far darrig
  • Fear gorta
  • Am Fear Liath Mòr
  • Fetcha
  • Fuath
  • Gancanagh
  • Ghillie Dhu / Gille Dubh
  • Glaistig / Glashtyn
  • Leanan Sídhe / Leannan Sìth
  • Leprechaun
  • Merrow
  • Haur aldatua
  • Oilliphéist
  • Puka
  • Sluagh
Elorri arbola, Irlandako tokiko folklorean eta oro har Zelta folklorean Aos Sí -entzat zuhaitz sakratutzat jotzen dena

Gaur egun

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Creideamh Sí "Aos sí-ekiko fede" adierazten duen irlandar hitza da, aos sí -ekin harreman onak mantendu eta haserretzea saihestu nahi dutenek jarraitzen duten sinesmen eta praktiken bilduma. Esnea eta ohiko elikagaiak, hala nola, labekatutako produktuak, sagarrak edo basafruituak,[3] Aos sí-ei eskaintzeko ohiturak kristau aroan iraun du, gaur egun arte, Irlanda, Eskozia eta diasporako lurraldeetan. Aos sí-ak badirela sinesten dutenek ere badakite beren leku sakratuak lasai utzi behar dituztela eta errepideak edo etxebizitzak eraikitzeak eragindako kalteetatik babestu.[3][11]

Erreferentziak

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  1. ↑ Historiaurreko tumuluak izan ohi dira.
  2. ↑ James MacKillop, A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), s.v. daoine sídhe.
  3. 1 2 3 Evans Wentz, W. Y. (1966, 1990) The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries. Gerrards Cross, Colin Smythe Humanities Press ISBN 0-901072-51-6 Aipuaren errorea: Invalid <ref> tag; name "Wentz" defined multiple times with different content
  4. ↑ Yeats, William Butler. (1908). Collected Works in Verse and Prose. Shakespeare Head Press.
  5. ↑ Dictionary of the Irish Language: síd, síth
  6. ↑ O'Curry, E. (1861), Lectures on Manuscript Materials, Dublin , 504 or., hemen aipatua: Evans-Wentz 1966, 291 or.
  7. ↑ Dictionary of the Irish Language: síd, síth eta ben
  8. ↑ MacKillop, James (2004) Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
  9. ↑ Joyce, P.W. A Social History of Ancient Ireland, 1 lib., 271 or.
  10. ↑ "The Gartan Mother's Lullaby" 1904an argitaratua, The Songs of Uladh-en, Seosamh MacCathmhaoilen letra (Joseph Campbell)
  11. ↑ (Ingelesez) Lenihan, Eddie; Green, Carolyn Eve. (2004). Meeting the Other Crowd; The Fairy Stories of Hidden Ireland. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Penguin, chapter comments or. ISBN 978-1585423071..

Bibliografia

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Lehen mailako iturriak

  • Lebor Gabála Érenn (Inbasioen Liburua) Lebor Laignechen (Leinsterreko Liburua)
  • Annála na gCeithre Máistrí (Lau Maisuen Urte-liburuak)
  • Leabhar Bhaile an Mhóta (Ballymoteko liburua)
  • Lebor na hUidre (Behi Nabarraren Liburua)
  • Leabhar Buidhe Lecain (Lecaingo Liburu Horia)
  • Leabhar (Mios) Leacain (Lecaingo Liburu Handia)

Bigarren mailako iturriak

  • Briggs, Katharine (1978). The Vanishing People: Fairy Lore and Legends. New York: Pantheon.
  • Briody, Mícheál (2008, 2016) The Irish Folklore Commission 1935–1970: History, Ideology, Methodology Helsinki Finnish Literature Society ISBN 978-951-746-947-0 951-746-947-0 and Studia Fennica Foloristica 17 urn:ISSN:1235-1946 Retrievon April 2018
  • Colum, Padraic (1967) A Treasury of Irish Folklore: The Stories, Traditions, Legends, Umorea, Wisdom, Ballads, and Songs of the Irish People. New York Crown Publishers. ISBN 0517420465 Opensource via Archive.org 10 April 2018
  • De Jubainville, M. H. D'Arbois and Richard Irvine Best (1903). The Irish Mythological Cycle and Celtic Mythology. Dublin Hodges, Figgis, and Company. Indiana University Library via Archive.org 12 October 2017
  • Evans-Wentz, W. Y. (1911). The Fairy-Faith in Celtic Countries. London: Oxford University Press. University of California Library via Archive.org 12 October 2017
  • Gantz, Jeffrey (1981) Early Irish Myths and Sagas London, Penguin. ISBN 0140443975
  • Keating, Geoffrey ( 1866) Foras Feasa ar Éirinn: The History of Ireland O'Mahony John (Trans) New York. James B. Kirker Boston College Libraries via Archive.org 12 October 2017 also republished as Keating, Geoffrey ( 1902–14) Foras Feasa ar Éirinn: The History of Ireland Comyn, David and Dinneen, Patrick S. (arg.) 4 bol. London David Nutt for the Irish Texts Society. University of Toronto Library via Archive.org 12 October 2017 -tik hartua
  • Keightley, Thomas. 1892: Fairy Mythology. London: George Bell & Sons, Project Gutenberg-etik hartua 15 October 2017
  • Koch, John T. (2005). Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia Vol. 1 A-Celti. Oxford. ABC-Clio. ISBN 9781851094400 Retrieved on 14 March 2018
  • MacKillop, James (1986). Fionn Mac Cumhail: Celtic Myth in English Literature New York Syracuse University Press ISBN 0-8156-2344-5 Retrieved on 14 March 2018
  • MacKillop, James (1998). Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. London: Oxford. ISBN 0-19-860967-1 .
  • MacKillop, James (2005). Myths and Legends of the Celts. Londres. Penguin Books ISBN 9780141017945 .Retrieved on 14 March 2018
  • McAnally, David Russell (1888).Irish Wonders: The Ghosts, Giants, Pookas, Demons, Leprechawns, Banshees, Fairies, Witches, Widows, Old Maids, and Other Marvels of the Emtransfer Isle Ishon: Houghton, Flemes, Compans & Noves, Company of Company, MIF2017 (IN)
  • Monaghan, Patricia (2004)The Encyclopedia of Celtic Mythology and Folklore New York Facts on File ISBN 0-8160-4524-0 Retrieved on 10 April 2018
  • Ó Danachair, Caoimhín (1978). A Bibliography of Irish Ethnology and Folk Tradition. Dublin Mercier Press ISBN 085342490X
  • O Súilleabhain, Seán (1942) A Handbook of Irish Folklore Dublin Educational Company of Ireland Limited ISBN 9780810335615
  • Edo Súilleabhain, Seán & Christiansen, Reidar Th. (1963). The Types of the Irish Folktale. Folklore Fellows' Communications No. 188. Helsinki 1963.
  • Rolleston, T.W. (1911). Myths and Legends of the Celtic Race. Londres. George Harrap and Company. Public Library of India via Archive.org 14 March 2018 -tik hartua
  • Zipes, Jack (2015) The Oxford Companion to Fairy Tales 2nd Ed. Oxford University Press ISBN 978-0 -19-968982-8 0 -19-968982-8 Retrieved 10 April 2018
  • White, Carolyn (2005) [1st pub.1976], A History of Irish Fairies New York. Avalon Publishing Group. ISBN 0786715391
  • Irish folklore archive registred into UNESCO register Rte News 6 December 2017 Retrieved 10 April 2018

Hirugarren mailako iturriak

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  • Anonimoa, The Royal Hibernian Tales; Being 4 Collections of the Most Entertaining Stories Now Extant, Dublin, C.M. Warren, Google Books-etik hartua on 4 November 2017
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Kanpo estekak

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"https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aes_Side&oldid=10479914"(e)tik eskuratuta