Stover [3, 4] also illustrated an aerenchyma with schizogenous and lysigenous cortex, but with no enlarged outermost mid-cortex layer, while Jorgenson et al.
Schizo-lysigeny to lysigenous aerenchyma in wild rice stem and leaf cortex is normal and makes wild rice similar to Cynodon dactylon, Eremochloa ophiuroides, Hemarthria altissima, and Miscanthus sacchariflorus [25-27, 40].
The concept of lysigenous gland development originated before a modern understanding of cell structure, and it seems apparent that interpretations of observations were strongly influenced by theoretical viewpoints that we no longer accept as valid.
In 1875 Chatin supported Martinet's conclusions with descriptions of lysigenous development for glands of Citrus L., Ruta L., Hypericum, Eucalyptus L'Herit., and Myrtus (Tschirch & Stock, 1933).
Additional Challenges to the Lysigenous Gland Hypothesis
The water-mounted leaf and fruit glands of Citrus show extensive swelling of their epithelial cells and resemble the drawings of lysigenous Citrus secretory cavities from Martinet, 1872 [ILLUSTRATION FOR FIGURE 12 OMITTED].
Haberlandt claimed that Ruta glands developed through a combination of schizogenous initiation followed by lysigenous expansion of the central cavity.
According to Kisser (1958), Tunmann and Rosenthaler believed that Tschirch had assumed schizolysigeny in many cases that were purely lysigenous, in order to apply the resinogen hypothesis.
Heinrich and his colleagues and by Amelunxen and Arbeiter (1967) described lysigenous development.
In a 1969 paper, he described schizogenous development for Ruta secretory cavities and lysigenous development for Citrus and Poncirus.