Japanese

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *miru. Cognate with () (me, eye).

Pronunciation

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  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 見る
Plain 見る [míꜜrù]
Conjunctive 見て [míꜜtè]
Perfective 見た [míꜜtà]
Negative 見ない ない [míꜜnàì]
Negative perfective 見なかった なかった [míꜜnàkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 見れば れば [míꜜrèbà]
Past conditional 見たら たら [míꜜtàrà]
Imperative 見ろ
見よ

[míꜜrò]
[míꜜyò]
Volitional 見よう [mìyóꜜò]
Desiderative 見たい [mìtáꜜì]
Formal 見ます [mìmáꜜsù]
Formal negative 見ません ませ [mìmáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 見ましょう ましょ [mìmáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 見ました した [mìmáꜜshìtà]
Continuative
見に

[míꜜ]
[míꜜ nì]
Negative continuative 見ず
見ずに

ずに
[míꜜzù]
[míꜜzù nì]
Passive 見られる られ [mìráréꜜrù]
Causative 見させる
見さす
させ
[mìsáséꜜrù]
[mìsáꜜsù]
Potential 見られる
見れる
られ
[mìráréꜜrù]
[mìréꜜrù]

Verb

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() (mirutransitive ichidan (stem () (mi), past () (mita))

Japanese verb pair
causative ()せる
active ()
mediopassive ()える
  1. to see, to watch, to observe, to look at something
  2. to look over, to examine, to judge
  3. to take care of, to look after, to keep an eye on somebody
  4. to view something, like paintings, flowers or a movie
    (えい)()()()eiga o mi ni ikuto go see a movie
    あの(かん)(とく)(えい)()()ことありません
    Ano kantoku no eiga o mita koto wa arimasen.
    I haven't seen any of that director's movies before.
  5. みる: (auxiliary, after the te form of a verb)
    1. to try to do (literally, “[do the preceding verb and] see”)
      納豆(なっとう)()べてみません
      Nattō o tabete mimasen ka.
      Why not try [to eat] natto?
      ()まで(きみ)()きてみたい
      shinu made kimi to ikite mitai yo
      Until death I want to try to live with you
      (あや)しい(とびら)()けてみたくない
      ayashī tobira o akete mitakunai yo
      I don't want to try to open the weird door!
    2. (in a conditional phrase) now that; used to express the realisation of new information
      ()われてみるとそうですよね。
      Iwarete miru to sō desu yo ne.
      Now that you mention it, you're right.

Usage notes

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  • (sense 5.1): Implies that the action has never been attempted by the subject.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of "見る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") mi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") mi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 見る みる miru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 見る みる miru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 見れ みれ mire
Meireikei ("imperative") 見よ¹
見ろ²
みよ¹
みろ²
miyo¹
miro²
Key constructions
Passive 見られる みられる mirareru
Causative 見させる
見さす
みさせる
みさす
misaseru
misasu
Potential 見られる
見れる³
みられる
みれる³
mirareru
mireru³
Volitional 見よう みよう miyō
Negative 見ない
見ぬ
見ん
みない
みぬ
みん
minai
minu
min
Negative continuative 見ず みず mizu
Formal 見ます みます mimasu
Perfective 見た みた mita
Conjunctive 見て みて mite
Hypothetical conditional 見れば みれば mireba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Classical conjugation of "見る" (マ行上一段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) mi
Continuative (連用形) mi
Terminal (終止形) 見る みる miru
Attributive (連体形) 見る みる miru
Realis (已然形) 見れ みれ mire
Imperative (命令形) 見よ みよ miyo
Key constructions
Negative 見ず みず mizu
Contrasting conjunction 見れど みれど miredo
Causal conjunction 見れば みれば mireba
Conditional conjunction 見ば みば miba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 見き みき miki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 見けり みけり mikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 見つ みつ mitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 見ぬ みぬ minu
Perfect-continuative tense 見たり みたり mitari
Volitional 見む みむ mimu
Extended conjugation of miru "見る" (Class: kami ichidan "upper monograde")
(See Appendix:Japanese verbs and Japanese conjugation)
Ren’yōkei ("continuative form") [mi]
Rentaikei ("attributive form") 見る [miru]
Positive Negative
Conjunctive (te-form) 見て [mite] ない [minai de]
なくて [minakute]
Non-past / Imperfective
Positive Negative
Plain 見る [miru] 見ない [minai]
Polite 見ます [mimasu] 見ません [mimasen]
Past / Perfective
Positive Negative
Plain 見た [mita] なかった [minakatta]
Polite ました [mimashita] ませんでした [mimasen deshita]
Passive
Verb stem られ [mirare]
Positive Negative
Plain 見られる [mirareru] 見られない [mirarenai]
Polite 見られます [miraremasu] 見られません [miraremasen]
Past 見られ [mirareta] 見られなかった [mirarenakatta]
Polite past 見られました [miraremashita] 見られませんでした [miraremasen deshita]
Causative
Verb stem させ [misase]
Positive Negative
Plain 見させる [misaseru]
short form: 見さす [misasu]
見させない [misasenai]
Polite 見させます [misasemasu] 見させません [misasemasen]
Past 見させ [misaseta] 見させなかった [misasenakatta]
Polite past 見させました [misasemashita] 見させませんでした [misasemasen deshita]
Potential
Verb stem られ [mirare]
Positive Negative
Plain 見られる [mirareru] 見られない [mirarenai]
Polite 見られます [miraremasu] 見られません [miraremasen]
Past 見られ [mirareta] 見られなかった [mirarenakatta]
Polite past 見られました [miraremashita] 見られませんでした [miraremasen deshita]
Potential with ra-nuki
Verb stem [mire]
Positive Negative
Plain 見れる [mireru] 見れない [mirenai]
Polite 見れます [miremasu] 見れません [miremasen]
Past 見れ [mireta] 見れなかった [mirenakatta]
Polite past 見れました [miremashita] 見れませんでした [miremasen deshita]
Imperative
Positive Negative
Meireikei / Firm instruction written: 見よ [miyo],
spoken: 見ろ [miro]
Other imperative constructions
Positive Negative
Polite request 見てください [mite kudasai] ないください [minai de kudasai]
-nasai form なさい [minasai]
Prohibitive / Do not ~ 見る [miru na]
Volitional / Presumptive
Positive Negative
Plain 見よう [miyō]
Polite ましょう [mimashō]
Conditional
Positive Negative
Hypothetical / Provisional 見れば [mireba] 見なければ [minakereba]
colloquial: なきゃ [minakya]
-tara form たら [mitara] 見なかったら [minakattara]
Causative passive
Verb stem させられ [misaserare]
Positive Negative
Plain させられる [misaserareru] 見させられない [misaserarenai]
Polite 見させられます [misaseraremasu] 見させられません [misaseraremasen]
Past 見させられ [misaserareta] 見させられなかった [misaserarenakatta]
Polite past 見させられました [misaseraremashita] 見させられませんでした [misaseraremasen deshita]
Desiderative (-tai form)
Positive Negative
Plain たい [mitai] たくない [mitaku nai]
For other desiderative forms, see たい#Inflection.
Progressive action and current state (-te iru form)
Positive Negative
Plain 見ている [mite iru]
contraction: てる [miteru]
見ていない [mite inai]
contraction: ない [mitenai]
Polite 見ています [mite imasu] 見ていません [mite imasen]
Past 見ていた [mite ita] 見ていなかった [mite inakatta]
Polite past 見ていました [mite imashita] 見ていませんでした [mite imasen deshita]
Other forms and constructions
Archaic or classical negative [minu] ¹
Archaic attributive negative
Colloquial or dialectal -ん negative [min]
Negative continuative [mizu] ¹
(〜): without ~ing
Representative / Listing examples たり [mitari]

¹ Archaic form, now mostly used in set phrases, written language and formal speech.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ 見・看・視・観・覧”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Uwano, Zendo (31 October 2002), “見島方言の用言のアクセント調査報告 [A Report on the Accentual Surveys of Verbs and Adjectives in the Mishima Dialect]”, in 環太平洋の「消滅に瀕した言語」にかんする緊急調査研究 [Endangered languages of the Pacific Rim]‎[2], →ISSN, archived from the original on 25 September 2022
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN