浸

Translingual

Han character

浸 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+7, 10 strokes, Cangjie input 水尸一水 (ESME), four-corner 3714₇, composition ⿰氵𠬶)

Derived characters

寖, 蓡, 䆮

Additional Derived Characters

𠺸, 𢟖, 𲭏, 𳅛, 𳉣

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 625, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17505
Dae Jaweon: page 1027, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1635, character 4
Unihan data for U+6D78

Unihan data for U+2F904

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (侵) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
鋟	ʔsem, sʰem, *sʰimʔ
綅	sem, ʔsim, *sʰim
祲	ʔsim, ʔsims
埐	ʔsim, zim
梫	ʔsim, sʰimʔ, *sʰrim
濅	ʔsimʔ, ʔsims
浸	ʔsims, sʰim
侵	*sʰim
駸	sʰim, sʰrim
寢	*sʰimʔ
寑	*sʰimʔ
薓	*srim

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ʔsims, *sʰim): semantic 水 + phonetic 𡩠 (qǐn).

Etymology 1

trad.		浸
simp. ^#		浸
2nd round simp.		𪫆
alternative forms		濅寖𥧲𣹰㴆濅寖𥧲𣹰㴆䆮𣹦

Cognate with Burmese စိမ် (cim, “to steep; to soak”), Burmese စိမ့် (cim., “to seep; to ooze”) (Schuessler, 2007). Probably unrelated to 沉 (OC *l'um).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìn (jin⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zam³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): dim¹
Gan (Wiktionary): jin⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chim

(Meixian, Guangdong): jim⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): céng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zing⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chìm

(Teochew, Peng'im): zim³
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): zam³
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵cin / ⁵tsin
- (Jinhua): ⁵tsen; ⁵tsin
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): cin⁴

(Loudi, Wiktionary): cin⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
  - Wade–Giles: chin⁴
  - Yale: jìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zam³
  - Yale: jam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: dim¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tim³³/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: jin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chim
  - Hakka Romanization System: jim
  - Hagfa Pinyim: jim⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sim⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: jim⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕim⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: céng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɛiŋ²¹³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: zing⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ci̍ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siŋ⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìm
  - Tâi-lô: tsìm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cixm
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sim²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sim⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sim²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /t͡sim¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sim²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zim³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsìm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sim²¹³/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: zam³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡səm⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Jiaxing, Fuyang, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
  - Wugniu: ⁵cin
  - MiniDict: cin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕin³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡ɕin³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕin³³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Fuyang): /t͡ɕiŋ³³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡ɕiŋ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Suzhou, Changzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsin
  - MiniDict: tsin^去
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡siŋ³⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /t͡siŋ³⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sin⁵²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡siŋ⁵²³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tsen; ⁵tsin
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡səŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡siŋ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: cin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /t͡sʰin⁴⁵/
  - Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /t͡ɕʰin⁴⁵/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary: cin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰin³⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsimH

Rime
Character	浸
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	子鴆切
Baxter	tsimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siɪm^H/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sim^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjem^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sim^H/
Li Rong	/t͡siəm^H/
Wang Li	/t͡sĭĕm^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si̯əm^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jìn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zam³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsims/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	浸
Reading #	1/2
No.	10482
Phonetic component	侵
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	浸
Old Chinese	/*ʔsims/
Notes	說文作濅

Definitions

浸

to soak; to sit in water (or liquid)
to immerse something in water (or liquid)
(Christianity, chiefly Baptist) to get baptized
- 2024 June 23, 盧以琳, “得救見證”, in 青泉‎^[1], number 56, page 12:
  
  一直以嚟，星媽同Kate都會關心我話：「喂～妳幾時浸啊？？」然後細佬都浸先過我，我就有更多嘅關心：） [Cantonese, trad.]
  一直以嚟，星妈同Kate都会关心我话：「喂～你几时浸啊？？」然后细佬都浸先过我，我就有更多嘅关心：） [Cantonese, simp.]
  jat¹ zik⁶ ji⁵ lai⁴, sing¹ maa¹ tung⁴ Kate dou¹ wui⁵ gwaan¹ sam¹ ngo⁵ waa⁶: “wai³ ~ nei⁵ gei² si⁴ zam³ aa³??” jin⁴ hau⁶ sai³ lou² dou¹ zam³ sin¹ gwo³ ngo⁵, ngo⁵ zau⁶ jau⁵ gang¹ do¹ ge³ gwaan¹ sam¹:) [Jyutping]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(in shortened forms) Baptist
浸聯會／浸联会 ― Jìnliánhuì ― Baptist convention

浸大 [Cantonese] ― zam³ daai⁶ [Jyutping] ― Hong Kong Baptist University

沙浸 [Cantonese] ― saa¹ zam³ [Jyutping] ― Shatin Baptist Church
(literary) gradually

Synonyms

(to soak):

edit

泡 (pào)
浸泡 (jìnpào)
浸漬 / 浸渍 (jìnzì)
浸潯 / 浸浔 (qīnyín) (literary)

(to immerse): 滲入／渗入 (shènrù), 滲透／渗透 (shèntòu)
(gradually):

edit

慢慢
步步 (bùbù)
浸漸 / 浸渐 (jìnjiàn) (literary)
浸潯 / 浸浔 (qīnyín) (literary)
漸次 / 渐次 (jiàncì)
漸漸 / 渐渐 (jiànjiàn)
稍稍 (shāoshāo)
逐步 (zhúbù)
逐漸 / 逐渐 (zhújiàn)

Compounds

受浸 (shòujìn)
巨浸
施浸 (shījìn)
沉浸 (chénjìn)
浸信會 / 浸信会 (Jìnxìnhuì)
浸入 (jìnrù)
浸劑 / 浸剂
浸微
浸微浸消
浸染 (jìnrǎn)
浸死
浸水 (jìnshuǐ)
浸泡 (jìnpào)
浸浴 (jìnyù)
浸漬 / 浸渍 (jìnzì)
浸漸 / 浸渐 (jìnjiàn)
浸潤 / 浸润 (jìnrùn)
浸潤之譖 / 浸润之谮
浸濕 / 浸湿 (jìnshī)
浸禮 / 浸礼 (jìnlǐ)
浸禮會 / 浸礼会 (Jìnlǐhuì)
浸種 / 浸种 (jìnzhǒng)
浸膏
浸蝕 / 浸蚀 (jìnshí)
浸製 / 浸制
浸透 (jìntòu)
濕浸浸 / 湿浸浸

Etymology 2

trad.		浸
simp. ^#		浸
alternative forms		濅寖𥧲𣹰㴆濅寖𥧲𣹰㴆䆮𣹦

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jìn, qīn (jin⁴, qin¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ, ㄑㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cam¹ / zam³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jìn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jìn
  - Wade–Giles: chin⁴
  - Yale: jìn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinn
  - Palladius: цзинь (czinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cin
  - Wade–Giles: chʻin¹
  - Yale: chīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chin
  - Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: cam¹ / zam³
  - Yale: chām / jam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsam¹ / dzam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cem¹ / zem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɐm⁵⁵/, /t͡sɐm³³/

Middle Chinese: tshim

Rime
Character	浸
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	七林切
Baxter	tshim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡sʰiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡sʰim/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sʰjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡sʰim/
Li Rong	/t͡sʰiəm/
Wang Li	/t͡sʰĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡sʰi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cam¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*sʰim/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	浸
Reading #	2/2
No.	10485
Phonetic component	侵
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	侵
Old Chinese	/*sʰim/

Definitions

浸

Used in compounds.

Compounds

Etymology 3

trad.		浸
simp. ^#		浸
alternative forms		沉

From 沉 (MC drimH).

Pronunciation

Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zam⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): zim⁵

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zam⁶
  - Yale: jahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzam⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: zim⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sim³²/

Definitions

浸

(Cantonese) to drown

Compounds

Etymology 4

trad.		浸
simp. ^#		浸

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): zam³

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zam³
  - Yale: jam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: zem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɐm³³/

Definitions

浸

(Cantonese) Classifier for layers/sections.

Etymology 5

For pronunciation and definitions of 浸 – see 𠹻 (“classifier for smells (Cantonese)”). (This character is a variant form of 𠹻).

Japanese

Shinjitai	浸
Kyūjitai ^[1]	浸󠄁 浸+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	浸󠄃 浸+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

浸

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

Go-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しむ (simu, historical)}
Kan-on: しん (shin, Jōyō)^{←しむ (simu, historical)}
Kun: ひたす (hitasu, 浸す, Jōyō)、ひたる (hitaru, 浸る, Jōyō)、したし (shitashi, 浸)、しみる (shimiru, 浸みる)、つかる (tsukaru, 浸かる)、つける (tsukeru, 浸ける)、やや (yaya, 浸)、ようやく (yōyaku, 浸く)^{←やうやく (yauyaku, 浸く, historical)}、つかる (tsukaru, 浸る)

References

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1282 (paper), page 692 (digital)

Korean

Hanja

浸 • (chim) (hangeul 침, revised chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'im, Yale chim)

soak, immerse, dip, percolate

Vietnamese

Han character

浸: Hán Nôm readings: tắm, rẫm, tẩm, thấm, thâm, trẫm, tẳm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1282 (paper), page 692 (digital)

[1]