Wiktionary

柱

柱 U+67F1, 柱
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67F1
← 柰
[U+67F0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 柲 →
[U+67F2]

Translingual

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Han character

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柱 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 木卜土 (DYG), four-corner 40914, composition ⿰木主)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 520, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14660
  • Dae Jaweon: page 908, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1188, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+67F1

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 柱

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (主) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
飳 *tʰoːʔ
妵 *tʰoːʔ
黈 *tʰoːʔ
蘣 *tʰoːʔ
罜 *doːɡ, *tjos
拄 *toʔ
柱 *toʔ, *doʔ
駐 *tos
註 *tos, *tjos
鉒 *tos
軴 *tos
住 *tos, *dos
跓 *doʔ
嵀 *doʔ
主 *tjoʔ
麈 *tjoʔ
宔 *tjoʔ
炷 *tjoʔ, *tjos
注 *tjos
疰 *tjos
蛀 *tjos
霔 *tjos

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *toʔ, *doʔ): semantic 木 (“wood”) + phonetic 主 (OC *tjoʔ).

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duːŋ (“post; column”) (STEDT). Cognate with 拄 (OC *toʔ, “to support”), as well as Proto-Kuki-Chin *tuŋ-I, *tun-II (“to erect; post; vertical”), Proto-Central Naga *tuŋ (“stem; trunk; post; tree”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • tiū - vernacular;
  • cṳ̀ - literary.
Note:
  • têu - vernacular;
  • cê̤ṳ - literary.
Note:
  • tiu5 - vernacular;
  • zy5/zu5/zi5 - literary.
Note:
  • thiāu/thiǎu - vernacular;
  • tū/tǔ, chū/chǔ/chù - literary.
Note:
  • tiao6 - Shantou;
  • tiou6 - Chaozhou.
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: tiao6 / ji2
      • Sinological IPA: /tʰiau³³/, /t͡si³¹/
Note:
  • tiao6 - vernacular;
  • ji2 - literary.
Note: (Hangzhou) 6dzu - new-style.
Note:
  • jy5 - vernacular;
  • jy4 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 柱
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
Tianjin /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
/t͡su⁵³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂu²¹/
Qingdao /tʃu⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂu³¹²/
Xi'an /p͡fu⁴⁴/
Xining /ʈ͡ʂv̩²¹³/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂu¹³/
Lanzhou /p͡fu¹³/
Ürümqi /ʈ͡ʂu²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕy³⁵/
Chengdu /t͡su¹³/
Guiyang /t͡su²¹³/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂu²¹²/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂu⁴⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂu⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡su⁴⁵/
Pingyao /t͡sz̩ʷ³⁵/
Hohhot /t͡su⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /zz̩²³/
Suzhou /zz̩ʷ³¹/
Hangzhou /d͡zz̩ʷ¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡zz̩³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕy⁵⁵/
/t͡ɕy¹¹/
Xiangtan /d͡ʑy²¹/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰy²¹/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰu⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /tʃʰu²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰy²³/
Nanning /t͡sʰy²⁴/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰy¹³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡su²²/
/tʰiau²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /tʰiɛu²⁴²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tʰiu⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /tʰiau³⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tu³³/
/hiau³³/
Rime
Character 柱
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直主切
Baxter drjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɖɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȡioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖuə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/ȡioX/
Wang
Li 		/ȡĭuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȡʱi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zyu6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 柱
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ drjuX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-t<r>oʔ/
English pillar

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柱
Reading # 2/2
No. 17614
Phonetic
component 		主
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		柱
Old
Chinese 		/*doʔ/

Definitions

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柱

  1. pillar; post; column (Classifier: 條／条 c)
  2. column-shaped thing
  3. (music) bridge (on a string instrument, such as a guzheng)
  4. (Hong Kong Cantonese) flats of the same layout on different floors
  5. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to stand tall and erect
  6. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) stiff
  7. a surname
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 柱子 (“pillar; column”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 柱子
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 柱子
Taiwan 柱子
Harbin 柱子
Singapore 柱
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 柱子
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 柱子
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 柱子
Wanrong 柱腳
Zhengzhou 頂樑柱
Xi'an 柱子
Xining 柱子
Xuzhou 柱子
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 柱子
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 柱子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 柱子
Lanzhou 柱子
Ürümqi 柱子
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 柱頭, 柱子
Wuhan 柱頭
Guiyang 柱子
Guilin 柱子
Liuzhou 柱子
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 柱子
Yangzhou 柱子
Hefei 柱子
Cantonese Guangzhou 柱
Hong Kong 柱, 柱頭 construction
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 柱
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 柱
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 柱
Kaiping (Chikan) 柱
Dongguan 柱
Yangjiang 柱
Nanning 柱
Wuzhou 柱
Yulin 柱
Hepu (Lianzhou) 柱, 磚柱
Danzhou 棟
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 柱頭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 柱
Gan Nanchang 柱頭
Lichuan 柱頭
Pingxiang 屋柱
Hakka Meixian 柱仔, 柱頓
Dongguan (Qingxi) 柱
Guangzhou (Zhengguo, Zengcheng) 柱頓
Wuhua (Shuizhai) 柱哩
Wuhua (Huacheng) 柱哩, 柱頓
Wuhua (Changbu) 柱哩
Wuhua (Mianyang) 柱頭
Heyuan (Bendihua) 柱
Liannan 柱
Jiexi 柱
Changting 屋柱
Ninghua 屋柱
Hong Kong 柱
Luchuan 柱
Luchuan (Daqiao) 磚柱
Sabah (Longchuan) 柱仔, 柱頭
Singkawang 柱頭
Huizhou Jixi 柱, 屋柱, 柱腳
Jin Taiyuan 柱子
Xinzhou 柱子
Hohhot 柱子
Northern Min Jian'ou 柱
Songxi 柱
Jianyang 柱
Eastern Min Fuzhou 柱
Fuqing 柱
Gutian 柱
Ningde 柱
Zhouning 柱
Fuding 柱
Southern Min Xiamen 柱, 柱仔
Quanzhou 柱, 柱仔
Jinjiang 抱柱
Yongchun 柱
Zhangzhou 柱, 柱仔
Dongshan 柱
Taipei 柱
New Taipei (Sanxia) 柱仔
Kaohsiung 柱仔
Yilan 柱仔
Taichung 柱仔
Tainan 柱
Hsinchu 柱仔
Kinmen 柱
Penghu (Magong) 柱
Manila (Hokkien) 柱
Longyan 柱
Datian 柱
Chaozhou 柱
Shantou 柱
Bangkok (Teochew) 柱
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 柱
Leizhou 柱
Wenchang 柱
Haikou 柱
Puxian Min Putian 柱
Central Min Yong'an 柱
Sanming (Shaxian) 柱
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 柱, 稜柱
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 柱蔸, 柱頭
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 柱
Shehua Fu'an 樹棟
Fuding 棟
Luoyuan 棟
Sanming 棟
Shunchang 樹棟
Hua'an 柱
Guixi (Zhangping) 樹棟
Cangnan 樑棟
Jingning (Hexi) 樹棟
Lishui 樹棟
Longyou 樹棟
Chaozhou 柱
Fengshun 柱
Wu Shanghai 柱子, 柱, 柱頭 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 柱頭
Suzhou 庭柱
Wuxi 柱, 柱子
Danyang 柱棵, 柱子
Hangzhou 柱子, 柱腳, 房柱, 庭柱
Ningbo 柱子, 屋柱
Wenzhou 棟柱, 柱
Jinhua 柱, 屋柱
Jinhua (Tangxi) 屋柱
Xiang Changsha 柱子, 傘柱
Xiangtan 傘柱
Loudi 傘柱
Shuangfeng 柱子, 傘柱
Hengyang 柱子
Quanzhou 柱頭

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “same word as 拄?”)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 柱
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 知庾切
Baxter trjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈuə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/ȶioX/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zyu2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柱
Reading # 1/2
No. 17608
Phonetic
component 		主
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		拄
Old
Chinese 		/*toʔ/

Definitions

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柱

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to support; to lean on
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) to block; to obstruct

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 柱
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 知 (9)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 知庾切
Baxter trjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʈɨoX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈioX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȶioX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈuə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/ȶioX/
Wang
Li 		/ȶĭuX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȶi̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zyu2
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 柱
Reading # 1/2
No. 17608
Phonetic
component 		主
Rime
group 		侯
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		拄
Old
Chinese 		/*toʔ/

Definitions

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柱

  1. only used in 柱夫

Japanese

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Shinjitai 柱  
Kyūjitai
[1][2][3]
柱󠄁
柱+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1) 		 
柱󠄃
柱+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

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柱

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. pillar
  2. (geometry) prism, cylinder

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
柱
はしら
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pasira or *parira. Cognate with Okinawan 柱 (hāya).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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柱(はしら) • (hashira) 

  1. pillar
Derived terms
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Counter

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柱(はしら) • (-hashira) 

  1. gods, spirits, worshipped entity.
  2. spirit tablets, cremation remains
  3. human remains counted by the deceased person
    • 2025 August 10 (last accessed), 川田龍平 [Ryūhei Kawada], quotee, “第211回国会　参議院　厚生労働委員会　第19号　令和5年6月8日 [211th Diet, House of Councillors, Committee on Health, Labor and Welfare, No. 19, June 8, 2023]”, in 国会会議録検索システム [Diet Proceedings Search System]‎[3], 国立国会図書館 [National Diet Library]:
      戦没者の遺骨収集の状況について、厚生労働省の資料によると、令和五年四月末の時点で、さきの大戦中海外で亡くなられた約二百四十万柱、そのうち、御遺骨を収容できたのは約百二十八万柱、いまだ収容できない御遺骨は約百十二万柱あるとされています。
      Senbotsusha no ikotsu shūshū no jōkyō ni tsuite, Kōsei Rōdō-shō no shiryō ni yoru to, reiwa go nen shi gatsu matsu no jiten de, saki no taisen-chū kaigai de naku narareta yaku ni hyaku yon jū man-bashira, sono uchi, go-ikotsu o shūyō dekita no wa yaku hyaku ni jū hachi man-bashira, imada shūyō dekinai go-ikotsu wa yaku hyaku jū ni man-bashira aru to sarete imasu.
      Regarding the status of collecting the remains of war dead, according to documents from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, as of the end of April 2023, approximately 2.4 million people died overseas during the last war, of which the remains of approximately 1.28 million have been recovered, while the remains of approximately 1.12 million have yet to be recovered.

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
柱
ちゅう
Grade: 3
kan'on

Suffix

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柱(ちゅう) • (-chū) ←ちゆう (-tyuu)?

  1. (geometry) prism, cylinder
Derived terms
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References

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  1. ^ 白川静 (Shirakawa Shizuka) (2014), “柱”, in 字通 (Jitsū)‎[1] (in Japanese), popular edition, Tōkyō: Heibonsha, →ISBN
  2. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914), 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1122 (paper), page 612 (digital)
  3. ^ Shōundō Henshūjo, editor (1927), 新漢和辞典 [The New Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Ōsaka: Shōundō, →DOI, page 677 (paper), page 351 (digital)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 柱 (MC drjuX). Recorded as Middle Korean 듀〮 (tywú) (Yale: tyu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

柱 (eumhun 기둥 주 (gidung ju))

  1. hanja form? of 주 (“pillar”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [5]

Okinawan

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Kanji

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柱

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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First attested as 파냐 (/⁠pʰa.nʲa⁠/) (Haytong Ceykwukki, 1501). Cognate with Japanese 柱 (hashira).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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柱(はーや) (hāya) 

  1. pillar

References

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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柱: Hán Nôm readings: trụ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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