Wiktionary

枕

枕 U+6795, 枕
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6795
← 枔
[U+6794] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 枖 →
[U+6796]

Translingual

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Han character

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枕 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+4, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 木中月山 (DLBU), four-corner 44912, composition ⿰木冘)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 515, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14546
  • Dae Jaweon: page 903, character 15
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1175, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+6795

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 枕
alternative forms 𣏝
抌
⿱冘木

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 枕
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (冘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
冘 *lu, *lum
抌 *lu, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *loʔ
狖 *lus
貁 *lus
耽 *ʔl'uːm
眈 *ʔl'uːm, *ʔl'uːmʔ, *l'uːm
酖 *ʔl'uːm
妉 *ʔl'uːm
黕 *ʔl'uːmʔ
衴 *ʔl'uːmʔ
瓭 *ʔl'uːmʔ
馾 *ʔl'uːms
髧 *l'uːmʔ
紞 *ʔl'oːmʔ
鈂 *zlum, *l'um
沈 *l'um, *l'ums, *hljumʔ
沉 *l'um
枕 *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums
莐 *l'um
霃 *l'um
鴆 *l'ums
訦 *ɦljum, *ɦljumʔ
忱 *ɦljum
邥 *hljumʔ
魫 *hljumʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *l'um, *ʔljumʔ, *ʔljums): semantic 木 + phonetic 冘 (OC *lu, *lum).

Etymology 1

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Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *mV-kum (“pillow, block, bench, bedstead”), and cognate with Burmese ခုံ (hkum, “raised block”), Japhug tɤmkɯm (“pillow”) (STEDT). Zhang, Jacques, and Lai (2019) suggest that the t- preinitial in Baxter and Sagart's (2014) Old Chinese may be related to the Gyalrong indefinite possessive prefix, such as Japhug tɤ-, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tV-.

STEDT also suggests 椹 (OC *ʔl'um, “chopping block”) as a comparandum, but it seems to be difficult to reconcile.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ciēng - vernacular;
  • cīng - literary.
Rime
Character 枕
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 章荏切
Baxter tsyimX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiɪmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕimX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjemX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cimX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiəmX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭĕmX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯əmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhěn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zam2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 枕
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhěn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyimX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[t.k][ə]mʔ/
English pillow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 枕
Reading # 2/3
No. 15262
Phonetic
component 		冘
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		枕
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔljumʔ/

Definitions

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枕

  1. pillow
  2. occipital bone
  3. alternative form of 軫 / 轸 (zhěn, “cross board at rear of a carriage”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Denominal verb from etymology 1.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 枕
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 侵 (139)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 之任切
Baxter tsyimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕimH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/cimH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiəmH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭĕmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhèn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zam3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 枕
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhèn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyimH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[t.k][ə]mʔ-s/
English use as a pillow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 枕
Reading # 3/3
No. 15263
Phonetic
component 		冘
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		枕
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔljums/

Definitions

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枕

  1. to pillow; to lay one's head on
  2. to approach
  3. to lean on
  4. a surname

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 枕
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 澄 (11)
Final (韻) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 直深切
Baxter drim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɖˠiɪm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɖᵚim/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ȡiem/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɖjim/
Li
Rong 		/ȡjəm/
Wang
Li 		/ȡĭĕm/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ȡʱi̯əm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		chén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cam4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 枕
Reading # 1/3
No. 15257
Phonetic
component 		冘
Rime
group 		侵
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		沈
Old
Chinese 		/*l'um/

Definitions

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枕

  1. Lindera umbellata
  2. alternative form of 沉 (chén)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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枕

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. pillow

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
枕
まくら
Grade: S
kun'yomi
 枕 on Japanese Wikipedia

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *makura.

Cognates

Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *makura, whence Kikai 枕 (makka), Kunigami 枕 (makkā), Miyako 枕 (maffa), Northern Amami Ōshima 枕 (makura), Okinawan 枕 (makkwa), Okinoerabu 枕 (makura), Southern Amami Ōshima 枕 (makra), Tokunoshima 枕 (makkwa), Yaeyama 枕 (maffa), Yonaguni 枕 (magura), and Yoron 枕 (makkura).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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枕(まくら) • (makura) 

  1. pillow

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ “枕”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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枕 (eum 침 (chim))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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枕: Hán Nôm readings: chẳm, chắm, chẩm, chũm, chấm, chỏm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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