弧

弧 U+5F27, 弧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5F27 ← 弦 [U+5F26] CJK Unified Ideographs 弨 → [U+5F28]

Translingual

Han character

弧 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+5 in Chinese, 弓+6 in Japanese, 8 strokes in Chinese, 9 strokes in Japanese, Cangjie input 弓竹女人 (NHVO) or 弓竹戈人 (NHIO), four-corner 1223₀, composition ⿰弓瓜)

Derived characters

• 𥏩, 𥮰

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 357, character 34
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9757
• Dae Jaweon: page 674, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 993, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5F27

Chinese

trad.		弧
simp. #		弧

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (瓜) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
瓜	*kʷraː
坬	*kʷraːs
窊	*qʷraː, *qʷraːs
畖	*qʷraː
搲	*qʷraːs
攨	*qʷraːs
孤	*kʷaː
苽	*kʷaː
胍	*kʷaː
泒	*kʷaː
呱	*kʷaː
觚	*kʷaː
柧	*kʷaː
罛	*kʷaː
軱	*kʷaː
菰	*kʷaː
箛	*kʷaː
狐	*ɡʷaː
弧	*ɡʷlaː

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡʷlaː): semantic 弓 (“bow”) + phonetic 瓜 (OC *kʷraː). It refers to a bow made of wood, and by extension, expresses the idea of bending like a bow.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): hú (hu²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wu⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fù

  (Hailu, HRS): fu

• Eastern Min (BUC): hù
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hou² / ou²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hô͘ / ô͘

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶wu

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hú
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hú
    • Wade–Giles: hu²
    • Yale: hú
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwu
    • Palladius: ху (xu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: wu⁴
    • Yale: wùh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wu⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: wu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wuː²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fù
    • Hakka Romanization System: fu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fu²
    • Sinological IPA: /fu¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: fu
    • Sinological IPA: /fu⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hou²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: hó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔu¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: hou²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔu²⁴/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ou²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ó
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔu¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: ou²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔu²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘
    • Tâi-lô: hôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoo
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /hɔ²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔ¹³/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ô͘
    • Tâi-lô: ôo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oo
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /ɔ²⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶wu
    • MiniDict: wu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²³/

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• Middle Chinese: hu

Rime
Character	弧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	戸吳切
Baxter	hu
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuo/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuo/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɔ/
Li Rong	/ɣo/
Wang Li	/ɣu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wu4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷˤa/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷlaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	弧
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hú
Middle Chinese	‹ hu ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷˁa/
English	bow; bend, curved
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	弧
Reading #	1/1
No.	4359
Phonetic component	瓜
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	胡
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷlaː/

Definitions

弧

1. wooden bow
2. arc, crescent

Compounds

• 優弧 / 优弧
• 共軛弧 / 共轭弧
• 劣弧
• 反射弧 (fǎnshèhú)
• 圓弧 / 圆弧 (yuánhú)
• 大括弧
• 島弧 / 岛弧 (dǎohú)
• 弧光 (húguāng)
• 弧光燈 / 弧光灯
• 弧光譜 / 弧光谱
• 弧帨齊輝 / 弧帨齐辉
• 弧度 (húdù)
• 弧形 (húxíng)
• 弧放電 / 弧放电
• 弧紋 / 弧纹
• 弧線 / 弧线 (húxiàn)
• 弧菌 (hújūn)
• 弧角
• 懸弧 / 悬弧
• 懸弧之慶 / 悬弧之庆
• 括弧 (kuòhú)
• 桃弧棘矢
• 桑弧蓬矢
• 蝥弧 (máohú)
• 設弧 / 设弧
• 霍亂弧菌 / 霍乱弧菌 (huòluàn hújūn)

Japanese

Kanji

弧

(Jōyō kanji)

1. arc

Readings

• Go-on: ご (go)
• Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
• Kun: きゆみ (kiyumi, 弧)

Compounds

• 円弧(えんこ) (enko)
• 括弧(かっこ) (kakko)
• 共役弧(きょうやくこ) (kyōyakuko)
• 弧光(ここう) (kokō): arc light
• 弧状(こじょう) (kojō)
• 弧線(こせん) (kosen)
• 弧度(こど) (kodo): radian
• 桑弧(そうこ) (sōko)
• 直弧文(ちょっこもん) (chokkomon)
• 島弧(とうこ) (tōko)
• 電弧(でんこ) (denko): arc (electric discharge)
• 優弧(ゆうこ) (yūko)
• 琉球弧(りゅうきゅうこ) (ryūkyūko)
• 劣弧(れっこ) (rekko)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
弧
こ Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 孤 (hu, “arc”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こ [kóꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞]

Noun

弧(こ) • (ko) 

1. arc

Korean

Hanja

弧 • (ho) (hangeul 호, McCune–Reischauer ho, Yale ho)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

弧: Hán Nôm readings: hồ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation