Wiktionary

吟

See also: 呤
吟 U+541F, 吟
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-541F
← 吞
[U+541E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吠 →
[U+5420]

Translingual

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Han character

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吟 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, Cangjie input 口人戈弓 (ROIN), four-corner 68027, composition ⿰口今)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 177, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3330
  • Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 591, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+541F

Chinese

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trad. 吟
simp. # 吟
alternative forms 唫
訡
噖
䪩
㕂

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 吟
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
   
Characters in the same phonetic series (今) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貪 *kʰl'uːm
嗿 *l̥ʰuːmʔ
僋 *l̥ʰuːms, *luːms
酓 *qʰɯːm, *qlamʔ, *qlɯːms
馠 *qʰɯːm
谽 *qʰɯːm
唅 *qʰɯːm, *ɡɯːms
含 *ɡɯːm
肣 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
頷 *ɡɯːm, *ɡɯːmʔ
筨 *ɡɯːm
梒 *ɡɯːm
鋡 *ɡɯːm
莟 *ɡɯːmʔ, *ɡɯːms
琀 *ɡɯːms
浛 *ɡɯːms
盦 *qɯːm, *qaːb
韽 *qɯːm, *qrɯːms
玪 *krɯːm
妗 *qʰrɯːm, *kʰjam, *qʰlɯːm, *ɡrɯms
欦 *qʰrɯːmʔ, *qʰram, *kʰlam, *kʰlamʔ, *qʰlɯːm
黔 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
鈐 *ɡram
鳹 *ɡram
雂 *ɡram, *ɡrɯm
念 *nɯːms
梣 *sɡɯm, *sɡrɯm
枔 *sɢrɯm
岑 *sɡrɯm
笒 *sɡrɯm, *ɡrɯms
涔 *sɡrɯm
侺 *ɡjɯms
今 *krɯm
黅 *krɯm
衿 *krɯm
衾 *kʰrɯm
坅 *kʰrɯmʔ
搇 *kʰrɯms
琴 *ɡrɯm
禽 *ɡrɯm
芩 *ɡrɯm
庈 *ɡrɯm
耹 *ɡrɯm
靲 *ɡrɯm
擒 *ɡrɯm
檎 *ɡrɯm
紟 *ɡrɯms
吟 *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms
訡 *ŋɡrɯm
廞 *qʰrɯm, *qʰrɯmʔ
陰 *qrɯm
𩃬 *qrɯm
飲 *qrɯmʔ, *qrɯms
蔭 *qrɯms
廕 *qrɯms
矜 *ɡrɯn, *ɡɯn, *kɯŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɡrɯm, *ŋɡrɯms): semantic 口 + phonetic 今 (OC *krɯm).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 吟 吟
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 疑 (31) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 侵 (140) 侵 (140)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 魚金切 宜禁切
Baxter ngim ngimH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ŋˠiɪm/ /ŋˠiɪmH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ŋᵚim/ /ŋᵚimH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ŋiem/ /ŋiemH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ŋjim/ /ŋjimH/
Li
Rong 		/ŋjəm/ /ŋjəmH/
Wang
Li 		/ŋĭĕm/ /ŋĭĕmH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ŋi̯əm/ /ŋi̯əmH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yín yìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ngam4 ngam6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吟
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ngim ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/
English chant, intone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吟 吟
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6618 6620
Phonetic
component 		今 今
Rime
group 		侵 侵
Rime
subdivision 		1 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		吟 吟
Old
Chinese 		/*ŋɡrɯm/ /*ŋɡrɯms/

Definitions

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吟

  1. to recite; to chant
  2. to groan
  3. (literature) a type of poetry
  4. (of animals) to cry; to call

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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吟

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to recite; to chant
  2. to moan

Readings

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

吟 • (eum) (hangeul 음, revised eum, McCune–Reischauer ŭm)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

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Han character

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吟 (transliteration needed)

  1. Nôm form of gằm.

References

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  • Dương Nhật Thanh; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[2] (in Tày and Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học xã hội [Social Sciences Publishing House]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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吟: Hán Việt readings: ngâm (魚(ngư)音(âm)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
吟: Nôm readings: ngậm[1][2][3][4][5][8][9], ngẫm[1][2][3][4][5][8], ngâm[1][2][3][7][8][9], ngắm[1][3][4][7][8][9], gẫm[3][4][5][7][8][9], ngăm[3][4][5][7][8][9], ngầm[1][4][8][9], găm[4][7][8][9], gầm[1][3][4], gặm[3][4][5], cầm[1][2], ngợm[3][4], ngăn[3][5], ngẩm[3][9], ngằm[8][9], câm[1], căm[1], cằm[1], ngòm[4], ngấm[9]

  1. chữ Hán form of ngâm (“to recite; to read in a singing voice”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of căm (“to resent, to bear hatred”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of cằm (“chin”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of câm (“(chiefly offensive) to shut up; to keep one's mouth shut”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of cầm (“to hold, to keep”)
  6. chữ Nôm form of gầm (“used in mai gầm (“banded krait”)”)
  7. chữ Nôm form of ngắm (“to view attentively, especially for pleasure”)
  8. chữ Nôm form of ngâm (“to soak or steep”)
  9. chữ Nôm form of ngầm (“secret; covert; unspoken”)
  10. chữ Nôm form of ngẫm (“to ponder, to muse, to meditate”)
  11. chữ Nôm form of ngậm (“to hold inside one's mouth”)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 Takeuchi (1988).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Hồ (1976).
  6. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Bonet (1899).
  8. ↑ 8.00 8.01 8.02 8.03 8.04 8.05 8.06 8.07 8.08 8.09 Génibrel (1898).
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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