勤

See also: 懃

勤 U+52E4, 勤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E4 ← 勣 [U+52E3] CJK Unified Ideographs 勥 → [U+52E5]

勤 U+FA34, 勤 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA34 ← 勉 [U+FA33] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 卑 → [U+FA35]

勤 U+2F827, 勤 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F827 ← 勉 [U+2F826] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 勺 → [U+2F828]

Translingual

Traditional	勤
Simplified	勤
Japanese	勤
Korean	勤

Han character

勤 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+11 in Chinese and Korean, 力+10 in Japanese, 13 strokes in Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in Japanese, Cangjie input 廿一大尸 (TMKS), four-corner 4412₇, composition ⿰堇力(GHTKVP) or ⿰𦰌力(J))

Derived characters

• 懄, 懃, 㢙

Additional derived characters

• 𲑔, 𡀣, 𰔭, 𣝀, 𤯺, 𲿺, 𮜺, 𫦽, 𥵚, 𭏶, 𤐂, 𠪲, 𲱵
• 𦻵, 𤏊 (related)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 149, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2415
• Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 378, character 3
• Unihan data for U+52E4

• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2424
• Unihan data for U+FA34

• Unihan data for U+2F827

Chinese

Glyph origin 1

simp. and trad.		勤
2nd round simp.		𰅉
alternative forms		𠢄 𠢀 廑 archaic

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	*kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇	*ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐	*ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	*ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	*ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	*kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯn): phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): qín (qin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): qín

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kan⁴

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): kan⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): kin³

• Gan (Wiktionary): qin²
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): khiùn

  (Hailu, HRS): kiun

  (Meixian, Guangdong): kiun²

• Jin (Wiktionary): qing¹
• Northern Min (KCR): kěng
• Eastern Min (BUC): kṳ̀ng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gyng² / goeng² / kyng² / king²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): khûn / khîn / khîrn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): keng⁵ / kêng⁵ / king⁵

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): kieng⁵

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): gan⁴
• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶jin / ²jin
  • (Jinhua): ²jin
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): jin²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qín
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cín
    • Wade–Giles: chʻin²
    • Yale: chín
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
    • Palladius: цинь (cinʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: qín
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiẽ²⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: kan⁴
    • Yale: kàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ken⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: kan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: kin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰin²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: qin²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin²⁴/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiùn
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiun^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kiun²
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯un¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: kiun
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰiun⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: kiun²
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰiun¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: qing¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kěng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰeiŋ²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kṳ̀ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyŋ⁵³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gyng²
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gṳ́ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyŋ¹³/
  • (Jiangkou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: goeng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœŋ¹³/
  • (Nanri)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kyng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyŋ¹³/
  • (Xianyou, Youyang)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kyng²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyŋ²⁴/
  • (Donghai)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: king²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiŋ¹³/
  • (Fengting)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: king²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiŋ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khûn
    • Tâi-lô: khûn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: quun
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen): /kʰun²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîn
    • Tâi-lô: khîn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiin
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰin²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰin¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Yilan, Tainan): /kʰin²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Sanxia)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîrn
    • Tâi-lô: khîrn
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: keng⁵ / kêng⁵ / king⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khṳ̂ng / khêng / khîng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɯŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰeŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰiŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• keng5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
• kêng5 - Jieyang;
• king5 - Chaoyang.

• (Leizhou)
  • Leizhou Pinyin: kieng⁵
  • Sinological IPA: /kʰieŋ²²/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: gan⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kən²¹/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶jin
    • MiniDict: jin^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jjin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑin²³/
  • (Northern: Jiading, Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Hangzhou, Shaoxing, Ningbo, Zhoushan)
    • Wugniu: ²jin
    • MiniDict: jin^平
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /d͡ʑiŋ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɟiŋ³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /d͡ʑin²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /d͡ʑin²²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /d͡ʑiŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /d͡ʑin³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡ʑin²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /d͡ʑiŋ²³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /d͡ʑiŋ³¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhoushan): /d͡ʑiŋ²²/
  • (Jinhua)
    • Wugniu: ²jin
    • Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /d͡ʑiŋ³¹³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: jin²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕin¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: gj+n

Rime
Character	勤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨斤切
Baxter	gj+n
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨn/
Li Rong	/ɡiən/
Wang Li	/ɡĭən/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kan4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	勤
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qín
Middle Chinese	‹ gjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ər/
English	toil, diligent, devoted
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	勤
Reading #	1/1
No.	6749
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	勤
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯn/

Definitions

勤

1. (archaic) to burden, make somebody labor
2. (literary or in compounds) industrious, diligent

   alt. forms: 懃 / 勤 (qín)

   辛勤  ―  xīnqín  ―  hardworking

   勤於政事／勤于政事  ―  qínyú zhèngshì  ―  to be diligent in attending to government affairs

3. (archaic) to aid, assist
4. (alt. form 懃／勤) (literary) to be busy with, be dedicated to
5. (alt. form 懃／勤) (literary) hardship, toil; laborious, exhausting
6. (alt. form 懃／勤) (literary) to worry, be distressed
7. (archaic) to commend for labor
8. (archaic) to cherish

   Synonym: 惜 (xī)

9. (literary or in compounds) eager, yearning
10. (archaic) to be exhausted, deplete
11. frequently, often; frequent

    勤洗手  ―  qín xǐshǒu  ―  to wash hands frequently

    • 自從他到法國去了以後，我練習得很勤；我一定可以把他打敗。 [MSC, trad.]
      自从他到法国去了以后，我练习得很勤；我一定可以把他打败。 [MSC, simp.]

      From: 1943, Zhu Shenghao, 《漢姆萊脫》 (translation of Hamlet)

      Zìcóng tā dào Fǎguó qù le yǐhòu, wǒ liànxí dé hěn qín; wǒ yīdìng kěyǐ bǎ tā dǎbài. [Pinyin]

      Since he went into France, I haue beene in continuall practice; I shall winne at the oddes.

12. (literary or in compounds) duty, service

    外勤  ―  wàiqín  ―  fieldwork

    執勤／执勤  ―  zhíqín  ―  to be on duty

13. 80th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "laboring" (𝍕)
14. a surname

Synonyms

• (laborious):

edit

• 不容易 (bùróngyì)
• 困難 / 困难
• 疑難 / 疑难 (yínán)
• 硬斗 (Hokkien)
• 硬氣 / 硬气 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
• 硬水 (Hokkien)
• 硬繚 / 硬缭 (Hokkien)
• 硬頭 / 硬头 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 良苦 (liángkǔ) (literary)
• 艱巨 / 艰巨 (jiānjù)
• 艱苦 / 艰苦 (jiānkǔ)
• 艱辛 / 艰辛 (jiānxīn)
• 艱難 / 艰难 (jiānnán)
• 苦難 / 苦难 (kǔnàn)
• 辛勞 / 辛劳 (xīnláo)
• 辛苦 (xīnkǔ)
• 難 / 难

• (duties): 勤務／勤务 (qínwù)
• (frequent):

edit

• 頻仍 / 频仍 (pínréng) (literary)
• 頻密 / 频密 (pínmì)
• 頻數 / 频数 (pínshuò) (literary)
• 頻繁 / 频繁 (pínfán)

Compounds

• 倦勤
• 值勤 (zhíqín)
• 克儉克勤 / 克俭克勤
• 克勤克儉 / 克勤克俭 (kèqínkèjiǎn)
• 內勤 / 内勤 (nèiqín)
• 全勤 (quánqín)
• 出勤 (chūqín)
• 加二殷勤
• 勤儉 / 勤俭 (qínjiǎn)
• 勤兒 / 勤儿
• 勤力 (qínlì)
• 勤勉 (qínmiǎn)
• 勤務 / 勤务 (qínwù)
• 勤務兵 / 勤务兵 (qínwùbīng)
• 勤務召集 / 勤务召集
• 勤務員 / 勤务员 (qínwùyuán)
• 勤勞 / 勤劳 (qínláo)
• 勤奮 / 勤奋 (qínfèn)
• 勤學 / 勤学
• 勤快 (qínkuài)
• 勤恤
• 勤慎
• 勤懇 / 勤恳 (qínkěn)
• 勤政 (qínzhèng)
• 勤政愛民 / 勤政爱民 (qínzhèng'àimín)
• 勤敏
• 勤有功，戲無益 / 勤有功，戏无益 (qínyǒugōng, xìwúyì)
• 勤王 (qínwáng)
• 勤練 / 勤练
• 勤能補拙 / 勤能补拙 (qínnéngbǔzhuō)
• 勤苦 (qínkǔ)
• 勤行
• 勤謹 / 勤谨
• 勤雜人員 / 勤杂人员
• 地勤 (dìqín)
• 執勤 / 执勤 (zhíqín)
• 外勤 (wàiqín)
• 夜勤 (yèqín)
• 專勤制度 / 专勤制度
• 將勤補拙 / 将勤补拙 (jiāngqínbǔzhuō)
• 後勤 / 后勤 (hòuqín)
• 恩勤
• 懋勤殿
• 打勤勞 / 打勤劳
• 打勤獻趣 / 打勤献趣 (dǎqínxiànqù)
• 服勤
• 查勤
• 業精於勤 / 业精于勤
• 業精於勤，荒於嬉 / 业精于勤，荒于嬉 (yè jīng yú qín, huāng yú xī)
• 殷勤 (yīnqín)
• 殷殷勤勤
• 父母恩勤
• 特勤 (tèqín)
• 獻勤 / 献勤
• 獻殷勤 (xiàn yīnqín)
• 矢勤矢勇
• 空勤 (kōngqín)
• 精勤
• 缺勤 (quēqín)
• 考勤 (kǎoqín)
• 耄勤
• 耒耜之勤
• 聯勤總部 / 联勤总部
• 調勤 / 调勤
• 警勤區 / 警勤区
• 警察勤務 / 警察勤务
• 辛勤 (xīnqín)
• 通勤 (tōngqín)
• 通勤圈
• 電子通勤 / 电子通勤
• 顏勤禮碑 / 颜勤礼碑

Glyph origin 2

Simplified from 懃 (elimination of 心).

Etymology

For pronunciation and definitions of 勤 – see 懃. (This character is the simplified form of 懃).

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Further reading

• “勤”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• “勤”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00401
• 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “勤”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 236.

Japanese

Shinjitai	勤
Kyūjitai	勤 勤 or 勤+︀?
	勤󠄁 勤+󠄁? (Adobe-Japan1)
	勤󠄃 勤+󠄃? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

勤

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

1. (きん) to exert oneself, be industrious
2. (きん) to work at a workplace; duty, service
3. (きん) alternative form of 覲 (kin, “to meet a monarch”)
4. (ごん) (Buddhism) to work hard; diligent practice

Readings

• Go-on: ごん (gon, Jōyō ^†)
• Kan-on: きん (kin, Jōyō)
• Kun: いそう (isou, 勤う)^{←いそふ (isofu, 勤ふ, historical)}、いそし (isoshi, 勤し)、いそしむ (isoshimu, 勤しむ)、つとまる (tsutomaru, 勤まる, Jōyō)、つとめ (tsutome, 勤め)、つとめる (tsutomeru, 勤める, Jōyō)^{←つとむ (tutomu, 勤む, historical)}、ゆめ (yume, 勤)
• Nanori: いそ (iso)、いそし (isoshi)、すすむ (susumu)、つとむ (tsutomu)、とし (toshi)、のり (nori)、ゆき (yuki)

Compounds

• 兼(けん)勤(きん) (kenkin)
• 内(ない)勤(きん) (naikin)
• 再(さい)勤(きん) (saikin)
• 出(しゅっ)勤(きん) (shukkin)
• 出(しゅっ)勤(きん)簿(ぼ) (shukkinbo)
• 出(しゅっ)退(たい)勤(きん) (shuttaikin)
• 勤(きん)仕(し) (kinshi)
• 勤(ごん)修(じゅ) (gonju)
• 勤(きん)倹(けん) (kinken)
• 勤(きん)倹(けん)尚(しょう)武(ぶ) (kinkenshōbu)
• 勤(きん)労(ろう) (kinrō)
• 勤(きん)労(ろう)奉(ほう)仕(し) (kinrōhōshi)
• 勤(きん)労(ろう)意(い)欲(よく) (kinrōiyoku)
• 勤(きん)労(ろう)所(しょ)得(とく) (kinrō shotoku)
• 勤(きん)労(ろう)者(しゃ) (kinrōsha)
• 勤(きん)労(ろう)者(しゃ)医(い)療(りょう) (kinrōsha iryō)
• 勤(きん)労(ろう)階(かい)級(きゅう) (kinrō kaikyū)
• 勤(きん)勉(べん) (kinben)
• 勤(きん)務(む) (kinmu)
• 勤(きん)務(む)先(さき) (kinmusaki)
• 勤(きん)務(む)医(い) (kinmui)
• 勤(きん)務(む)評(ひょう)定(てい) (kinmu hyōtei), 勤(きん)評(ぴょう) (kinpyō)
• 勤(きん)学(がく) (kingaku)
• 勤(きん)役(やく) (kin'yaku)
• 勤(きん)怠(たい) (kintai)
• 勤(きん)怠(たい)表(ひょう) (kintaihyō)
• 勤(きん)恪(かく) (kinkaku)
• 勤(きん)惰(だ) (kinda)
• 勤(ごん)操(そう) (gonsō)
• 勤(ごん)求(ぐ) (gongu)
• 勤(きん)続(ぞく) (kinzoku)
• 勤(きん)苦(く) (kinku)
• 勤(きん)王(のう) (kinnō), 勤(きん)皇(のう) (kinnō)
• 勤(きん)王(のう)攘(じょう)夷(い) (kinnōjōi), 勤(きん)皇(のう)攘(じょう)夷(い) (kinnōjōi)
• 勤(きん)番(ばん) (kinban)
• 勤(きん)番(ばん)侍(ざむらい) (kinbanzamurai)
• 勤(ごん)行(ぎょう) (gongyō)
• 参(さん)勤(きん) (sankin)
• 参(さん)勤(きん)交(こう)代(たい) (sankin kōtai)
• 圜(えん)悟(ご)克(こく)勤(ごん) (Engo Kokugon)
• 在(ざい)勤(きん) (zaikin)
• 在(ざい)勤(きん)者(もの) (zaikinmono)
• 外(がい)勤(きん) (gaikin)
• 夜(や)勤(きん) (yakin)
• 学(がく)問(もん)所(じょ)勤(きん)番(ばん) (gakumonjo kinban)
• 常(じょう)勤(きん) (jōkin)
• 後(こう)方(ほう)勤(きん)務(む) (kōhō kinmu)
• 忠(ちゅう)勤(きん) (chūkin)
• 恪(かく)勤(ご) (kakugo), 恪(かく)勤(ごん) (kakugon)
• 恪(かっ)勤(きん) (kakkin)
• 日(にっ)勤(きん) (nikkin)
• 時(じ)差(さ)出(しゅっ)勤(きん) (jisa shukkin)
• 朝(あさ)勤(じ) (asaji)
• 欠(けっ)勤(きん) (kekkin)
• 毎(まい)勤(きん) (maikin)
• 毎(まい)月(つき)勤(きん)労(ろう)統(とう)計(けい) (maitsuki kinrō tōkei)
• 毎(まい)月(つき)勤(きん)労(ろう)統(とう)計(けい)調(ちょう)査(さ) (maitsuki kinrō tōkei chōsa)
• 無(む)欠(けっ)勤(きん) (mukekkin)
• 痛(つう)勤(きん) (tsūkin)
• 皆(かい)勤(きん) (kaikin)
• 短(たん)時(じ)間(かん)勤(きん)務(む)制(せい)度(ど) (tanjikan kinmu seido)
• 精(せい)励(れい)恪(かっ)勤(きん) (seireikakkin)
• 精(せい)勤(きん) (seikin)
• 超(ちょう)過(か)勤(きん)務(む)手(て)当(あて) (chōka kinmu teate), 超(ちょう)勤(きん)手(て)当(あて) (chōkin teate)
• 転(てん)勤(きん) (tenkin)
• 転(てん)勤(きん)族(ぞく) (tenkinzoku)
• 退(たい)勤(きん) (taikin)
• 通(つう)勤(きん) (tsūkin)
• 通(つう)勤(きん)圏(けん) (tsūkinken)
• 遠(えん)隔(かく)勤(きん)務(む) (enkaku kinmu)
• 非(ひ)常(じょう)勤(きん) (hijōkin)

Proper noun

Kanji in this term
勤
つとむ Grade: 6
nanori

Alternative spelling
勤 (kyūjitai)

勤(つとむ) • (Tsutomu) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Etymology

Derived from Middle Chinese 勤 (MC gj+n).

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kɯn]
• Phonetic hangul: [근]

Hanja

勤 (eumhun 부지런할/근심할 근 (bujireonhal/geunsimhal geun))

1. diligent, industrious; to work hard, do one's duty
2. to work, be on duty, serve
3. to strive, exert effort
4. to console; to commend for labor
5. to worry, be distressed
6. painful; to suffer
7. subtle, deep, and sincere
8. work, duty, responsibility
9. worry, distress

Compounds

• 三交代勤務制(삼교대 근무제) (samgyodae geunmu-je)
• 三交代勤務(삼교대 근무) (samgyodae geunmu)
• 二交代勤務制(이교대 근무제) (igyodae geunmu-je)
• 二交代勤務(이교대 근무) (igyodae geunmu)
• 交代勤務制(교대 근무제) (gyodae geunmu-je)
• 交代勤務睡眠障礙(교대 근무 수면 장애) (gyodae geunmu sumyeon jang'ae)
• 交代勤務障礙(교대 근무 장애) (gyodae geunmu jang'ae)
• 交代勤務(교대 근무) (gyodae geunmu)
• 人事勤務(인사 근무) (insa geunmu)
• 代案勤務(대안 근무) (daean geunmu)
• 作戰可能空中勤務者(작전 가능 공중 근무자) (jakjeon ganeung gongjung geunmu-ja)
• 保健勤務(보건 근무) (bogeon geunmu)
• 公法上勤務關係(공법상 근무 관계) (gongbeopsang geunmu gwan'gye)
• 公益勤務者(공익 근무자) (gong'ik geunmu-ja)
• 公益勤務要員(공익 근무 요원) (gong'ik geunmu yowon)
• 公益勤務(공익 근무) (gong'ik geunmu)
• 出勤(출근) (chulgeun)
• 出退勤(출퇴근) (chultoegeun)
• 勤儉節約(근검절약) (geun'geomjeoryak)
• 勤勉(근면) (geunmyeon)
• 勤務作業(근무 작업) (geunmu jageop)
• 勤務兵力(근무 병력) (geunmu byeongnyeok)
• 勤務兵科(근무병과) (geunmubyeonggwa)
• 勤務兵(근무병) (geunmubyeong)
• 勤務制(근무제) (geunmuje)
• 勤務化(근무화) (geunmuhwa)
• 勤務原價(근무 원가) (geunmu won'ga)
• 勤務召集(근무 소집) (geunmu sojip)
• 勤務員(근무원) (geunmuwon)
• 勤務地手當(근무지 수당) (geunmuji sudang)
• 勤務地(근무지) (geunmuji)
• 勤務實績(근무 실적) (geunmu siljeok)
• 勤務帽(근무모) (geunmumo)
• 勤務年限(근무 연한) (geunmu yeonhan)
• 勤務怠慢(근무 태만) (geunmu taeman)
• 勤務成績序列法(근무 성적 서열법) (geunmu seongjeok seoyeolbeop)
• 勤務成績強制配分法(근무 성적 강제 배분법) (geunmu seongjeok gangje baebun-beop)
• 勤務成績評定委員會(근무 성적 평정 위원회) (geunmu seongjeok pyeongjeong wiwonhoe)
• 勤務成績評定(근무 성적 평정) (geunmu seongjeok pyeongjeong)
• 勤務支援(근무 지원) (geunmu jiwon)
• 勤務日(근무일) (geunmu'il)
• 勤務時間自由選擇制(근무 시간 자유 선택제) (geunmu sigan jayu seontaek-je)
• 勤務時間選擇制(근무 시간 선택제) (geunmu sigan seontaek-je)
• 勤務時間(근무 시간) (geunmu sigan)
• 勤務服(근무복) (geunmubok)
• 勤務條件(근무 조건) (geunmu jogeon)
• 勤務演習召集(근무 연습 소집) (geunmu yeonseup sojip)
• 勤務環境改善(근무 환경 개선) (geunmu hwan'gyeong gaeseon)
• 勤務環境(근무 환경) (geunmu hwan'gyeong)
• 勤務用(근무용) (geunmuyong)
• 勤務組(근무조) (geunmujo)
• 勤務者(근무자) (geunmuja)
• 勤務處(근무처) (geunmucheo)
• 勤務規則(근무 규칙) (geunmu gyuchik)
• 勤務評價(근무 평가) (geunmu pyeongga)
• 勤務評定(근무 평정) (geunmu pyeongjeong)
• 勤務部隊(근무 부대) (geunmu budae)
• 勤務量(근무량) (geunmuryang)
• 勤務(근무) (geunmu)
• 勤勞者(근로자) (geulloja)
• 勤勞(근로) (geullo)
• 勤怠(근태) (geuntae)
• 勤政勳章(근정 훈장) (geunjeong hunjang)
• 勤政殿(근정전) (Geunjeongjeon)
• 勤政褒章(근정 포장) (geunjeong pojang)
• 勤政門(근정문) (geunjeongmun)
• 勤續(근속) (geunsok)
• 午後勤務(오후 근무) (ohu geunmu)
• 可變時間勤務制(가변 시간 근무제) (gabyeon sigan geunmu-je)
• 各軍相互獲得勤務協定(각군 상호 획득 근무 협정) (gakgun sangho hoekdeuk geunmu hyeopjeong)
• 四組二交代勤務(사조 이교대 근무) (sajo igyodae geunmu)
• 四組勤務制(사조 근무제) (sajo geunmu-je)
• 在宅勤務令(재택근무령) (jaetaekgeunmuryeong)
• 在宅勤務制度(재택근무 제도) (jaetaekgeunmu jedo)
• 在宅勤務制(재택근무제) (jaetaekgeunmuje)
• 在宅勤務用(재택근무용) (jaetaekgeunmu-yong)
• 在宅勤務者(재택근무자) (jaetaekgeunmuja)
• 在宅勤務(재택근무) (jaetaekgeunmu)
• 地方勤務(지방 근무) (jibang geunmu)
• 夜勤(야근) (yageun)
• 夜間勤務(야간 근무) (yagan geunmu)
• 家內勤務者(가내 근무자) (ganae geunmuja)
• 將來勤務年金(장래 근무 연금) (jangnae geunmu yeon'geum)
• 專門型在宅勤務(전문형 재택근무) (jeonmunhyeong jaetaekgeunmu)
• 常勤(상근) (sanggeun)
• 延長勤務(연장 근무) (yeonjang geunmu)
• 彈力勤務制度(탄력 근무 제도) (tallyeok geunmu jedo)
• 彈力勤務制(탄력 근무제) (tallyeok geunmu-je)
• 彈力勤務時間制(탄력 근무 시간제) (tallyeok geunmu sigan-je)
• 彈力勤務(탄력 근무) (tallyeok geunmu)
• 後方勤務(후방 근무) (hubang geunmu)
• 循環勤務制(순환 근무제) (sunhwan geunmu-je)
• 循環勤務(순환 근무) (sunhwan geunmu)
• 循環在宅勤務(순환 재택근무) (sunhwan jaetaekgeunmu)
• 徹夜勤務(철야 근무) (cheorya geunmu)
• 戰鬪勤務支援原則(전투 근무 지원 원칙) (jeontu geunmu jiwon wonchik)
• 戰鬪勤務支援命令(전투 근무 지원 명령) (jeontu geunmu jiwon myeongnyeong)
• 戰鬪勤務支援室(전투 근무 지원실) (jeontu geunmu jiwon-sil)
• 戰鬪勤務支援統制體系(전투 근무 지원 통제 체계) (jeontu geunmu jiwon tongje chegye)
• 戰鬪勤務支援計劃(전투 근무 지원 계획) (jeontu geunmu jiwon gyehoek)
• 戰鬪勤務支援訓鍊模擬訓鍊體系(전투 근무 지원 훈련 모의 훈련 체계) (jeontu geunmu jiwon hullyeon moui hullyeon chegye)
• 戰鬪勤務支援運用本部(전투 근무 지원 운용 본부) (jeontu geunmu jiwon unyong bonbu)
• 戰鬪勤務支援部隊(전투 근무 지원 부대) (jeontu geunmu jiwon budae)
• 戰鬪勤務支援(전투 근무 지원) (jeontu geunmu jiwon)
• 探知勤務(탐지근무) (tamjigeunmu)
• 敎師循環勤務制(교사 순환 근무제) (gyosa sunhwan geunmu-je)
• 時間制勤務制度(시간제 근무 제도) (siganje geunmu jedo)
• 時間制勤務制(시간제 근무제) (siganje geunmu-je)
• 時間制勤務者(시간제 근무자) (siganje geunmu-ja)
• 時間制勤務(시간제 근무) (siganje geunmu)
• 時間外勤務(시간 외 근무) (sigan oe geunmu)
• 景福宮勤政殿(경복궁 근정전) (Gyeongbokgung Geunjeongjeon)
• 柔軟勤務制度(유연 근무 제도) (yuyeon geunmu jedo)
• 柔軟勤務制(유연 근무제) (yuyeon geunmu-je)
• 柔軟勤務(유연 근무) (yuyeon geunmu)
• 核心勤務時間(핵심 근무 시간) (haeksim geunmu sigan)
• 正常勤務(정상 근무) (jeongsang geunmu)
• 派遣勤務(파견 근무) (pagyeon geunmu)
• 潛伏勤務(잠복근무) (jambokgeunmu)
• 特殊勤務手當(특수 근무 수당) (teuksu geunmu sudang)
• 玉條勤政勳章(옥조 근정 훈장) (okjo geunjeong hunjang)
• 現在勤務年金(현재 근무 연금) (hyeonjae geunmu yeon'geum)
• 當直勤務(당직 근무) (dangjik geunmu)
• 皆勤(개근) (gaegeun)
• 短縮勤務(단축 근무) (danchuk geunmu)
• 硏究所勤務者(연구소 근무자) (yeon'guso geunmuja)
• 空中勤務者(공중 근무자) (gongjung geunmu-ja)
• 紅條勤政勳章(홍조 근정 훈장) (hongjo geunjeong hunjang)
• 給養勤務(급양 근무) (geubyang geunmu)
• 綠條勤政勳章(녹조 근정 훈장) (nokjo geunjeong hunjang)
• 美國國防部軍需勤務本部(미국 국방부 군수 근무 본부) (miguk gukbangbu gunsu geunmu bonbu)
• 自宅勤務(자택 근무) (jataek geunmu)
• 自由勤務時間制(자유 근무 시간제) (jayu geunmu sigan-je)
• 航空氣象勤務臺(항공 기상 근무대) (hanggong gisang geunmudae)
• 衛兵勤務(위병 근무) (wibyeong geunmu)
• 衛戍勤務(위수 근무) (wisu geunmu)
• 調節勤務(조절근무) (jojeolgeunmu)
• 警戒勤務(경계 근무) (gyeonggye geunmu)
• 超過勤務手當(초과 근무 수당) (chogwa geunmu sudang)
• 超過勤務(초과 근무) (chogwa geunmu)
• 轉勤(전근) (jeon'geun)
• 追加勤務手當(추가 근무 수당) (chuga geunmu sudang)
• 追加勤務(추가 근무) (chuga geunmu)
• 退勤(퇴근) (toegeun)
• 通信勤務(통신 근무) (tongsin geunmu)
• 週五日勤務制(주 오일 근무제) (ju oil geunmu-je)
• 過去勤務債務(과거 근무 채무) (gwageo geunmu chaemu)
• 過去勤務年金(과거 근무 연금) (gwageo geunmu yeon'geum)
• 遠隔勤務制度(원격 근무 제도) (won'gyeok geunmu jedo)
• 遠隔勤務制(원격 근무제) (won'gyeok geunmu-je)
• 遠隔勤務用(원격 근무용) (won'gyeok geunmuyong)
• 遠隔勤務(원격 근무) (won'gyeok geunmu)
• 選擇勤務制(선택 근무제) (seontaek geunmu-je)
• 選擇的勤務時間制(선택적 근무 시간제) (seontaekjeok geunmu sigan-je)
• 醫務勤務(의무 근무) (uimu geunmu)
• 陣中勤務(진중 근무) (jinjung geunmu)
• 集中勤務制度(집중 근무 제도) (jipjung geunmu jedo)
• 集中勤務日制(집중 근무일제) (jipjung geunmu'il-je)
• 集中勤務(집중 근무) (jipjung geunmu)
• 電子勤務(전자 근무) (jeonja geunmu)
• 靑條勤政勳章(청조 근정 훈장) (cheongjo geunjeong hunjang)
• 非常勤務令(비상근무령) (bisanggeunmuryeong)
• 非常勤務制(비상근무제) (bisanggeunmuje)
• 非常勤務領(비상근무령) (bisanggeunmuryeong)
• 非常勤務體制(비상근무 체제) (bisanggeunmu cheje)
• 非常勤務(비상근무) (bisanggeunmu)
• 非常勤(비상근) (bisanggeun)
• 飛行勤務時間(비행 근무 시간) (bihaeng geunmu sigan)
• 黃條勤政勳章(황조 근정 훈장) (hwangjo geunjeong hunjang)

Noun

勤 • (geun) (hangeul 근)

1. hanja form^? of 근 (“diligence”)

Root

勤 • (geun) (hangeul 근)

1. hanja form^? of 근 (“Root of 근하다 (geunhada, “diligent”). Rarely used alone.”)

Tày

Adjective

勤

1. Nôm form of cấn (“busy”).

Noun

勤

1. Nôm form of cản (“handle”).

Verb

勤

1. Nôm form of cẩn (“to need, require”).

Vietnamese

Hán-Nôm

勤: Hán Việt readings: cần
勤: Nôm readings: cần, cùn, cằn

1. chữ Hán form of cần (“diligent; to assist; work, duty; servant”)
2. chữ Nôm form of cần (“water dropwort; lever, arm; to need, require”)
3. chữ Nôm form of cằn (“dull, blunt; worn down”)
4. chữ Nôm form of cùn (“dull, blunt; worn down; rusty, stagnant”)

Compounds

• 勤不如專 (cần bất như chuyên)
• 勤急 (cần kíp)
• 勤拳 (cần quyền)
• 勤敏 (cần mẫn)
• 勤桲 (cần vọt)
• 勤鉤 (cần câu)
• 局勤 (cục cằn)
• 蔞勤 (rau cần)