Wiktionary

便

See also: 使

便 U+4FBF, 便
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FBF
← 侾
[U+4FBE] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 俀 →
[U+4FC0]

便 U+F965, 便
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F965
← 磻
[U+F964] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 復 →
[U+F966]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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便 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7, 9 strokes, Cangjie input 人一中大 (OMLK), four-corner 21246, composition ⿰亻更)

Derived characters

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Additional derived characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 103, character 32
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 659
  • Dae Jaweon: page 219, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 157, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4FBF

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 便

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 便
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     
 
b12352
 
s05800
Transcribed ancient scripts
 
L32033
 
L32034
 
L32035
 
L32036
 
L32037
 
L32038
 
L32039
 
L32040
 
L32041
 
L07218
 
L07219
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (便) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鞭 *pen
鯾 *pen
箯 *pen, *ben
便 *ben, *bens
緶 *ben, *peːnʔ
楩 *ben, *benʔ

According to Shuowen, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 亻 (“person”) + 更 (“to change”) – to change one's posture to make oneself comfortable.

Alternatively, this may be the original character for 鞭 (OC *pen, “to whip”), from 人 (“person”) + 𠓥 (“whip”), as seen in the bronze script.

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • biêng6 - Chaozhou;
  • biang6 - Shantou.
Rime
Character 便
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 婢面切
Baxter bjienH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/biᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bjænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bianH/
Li
Rong 		/biɛnH/
Wang
Li 		/bĭɛnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		biàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bin6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 便
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		biàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjienH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]e[n]-s/
English comfortable; advantageous

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 便
Reading # 2/2
No. 778
Phonetic
component 		便
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		便
Old
Chinese 		/*bens/

Definitions

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便

  1. convenient; handy
    方便  ―  fāngbiàn  ―  convenient, suitable
    便利  ―  biànlì  ―  convenient, easy
    簡便／简便  ―  jiǎnbiàn  ―  convenient, handy
  2. to go a long way in; to serve the interests of; to benefit; to make convenient
  3. nimble; agile
  4. informal; ordinary; plain
    便衣  ―  biànyī  ―  civilian clothes
    便服  ―  biànfú  ―  casual clothes
    便函  ―  biànhán  ―  informal letter
  5. human waste; excretion
    小便  ―  xiǎobiàn  ―  to urinate
    大便  ―  dàbiàn  ―  to defecate
    便器  ―  biànqì  ―  toilet
    糞便／粪便  ―  fènbiàn  ―  excrement, feces
  6. (Xiamen and Quanzhou Hokkien) to urinate
  7. soon afterward; as soon as
    警察一到現場，人群便四散離去。 [MSC, trad.]
    警察一到现场，人群便四散离去。 [MSC, simp.]
    Jǐngchá yī dào xiànchǎng, rénqún biàn sìsàn líqù. [Pinyin]
    The crowd soon dissipated when the police arrived.
    他到了日本，不久便發了洋財。 [MSC, trad.]
    他到了日本，不久便发了洋财。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā dào le rìběn, bùjiǔ biàn fā le yángcái. [Pinyin]
    He went to Japan and soon made a big fortune.
    他二十幾歲便開始謝頂。 [MSC, trad.]
    他二十几岁便开始谢顶。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā èrshí jǐ suì biàn kāishǐ xièdǐng. [Pinyin]
    He started going bald in his twenties.
  8. then
    他一得空便跑出去玩。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Tā yī dékòng biàn pǎochūqù wán. [Pinyin]
    As soon as gets free, he (then) runs out to play.
  9. even if; even though
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 撒尿 (“to urinate”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 溺, 旋, 小遺
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 小便, 小解, 泌尿, 排尿, 尿
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 撒尿, 尿尿, 解小手兒
Taiwan 撒尿, 小便, 尿尿, 上一號, 上小號
Harbin 小便, 尿尿, 解小手兒, 放水
Malaysia 尿, 小便 childish
Singapore 小便
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 解小手兒
Jinan 尿尿, 解小手, 小便
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 尿尿
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 小便, 尿尿, 解小手兒, 放水
Wanrong 尿尿
Xi'an 尿尿
Xining 解小手, 解手, 尿尿, 消水, 小便
Xuzhou 尿尿, 解小手, 小解, 小便
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 尿尿, 解手
Lanzhou 尿尿, 消水
Ürümqi 尿尿, 小便, 解小手
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 屙尿, 解小手
Wuhan 屙尿, 解小手, 打岔, 打小岔
Guiyang 屙尿, 解小手, 解小便, 解手, 放水
Kunming 解小手, 撒尿
Liuzhou 屙尿, 解小手, 解小便, 射尿
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 撒尿
Yangzhou 尿尿, 出小恭, 解手, 方便, 小便
Nantong 拆尿, 尿尿
Hefei 撒尿, 尿尿
Cantonese Guangzhou 屙尿, 小便, 放輕 slang, 放水 slang, 放低二兩 slang, 爆渜 slang
Hong Kong 屙尿, 小便, 𭉝𭉝 childish, 屙𭉝𭉝 childish, 屙wee wee childish, 放水 slang, 放低二兩 slang, 揸水 slang, 交水費 slang, 擺柳 slang
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 屙尿
Macau 屙尿, 小便
Guangzhou (Panyu) 屙尿
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 屙尿
Guangzhou (Conghua) 屙尿
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 屙尿
Foshan 屙尿
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 屙尿
Foshan (Shunde) 屙尿
Foshan (Sanshui) 屙尿
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 屙尿
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 屙尿
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 屙尿
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 屙尿
Zhuhai (Doumen) 屙尿
Jiangmen (Baisha) 屙尿
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 屙尿
Taishan 屙尿
Kaiping (Chikan) 屙尿, 放二兩
Enping (Niujiang) 屙尿
Heshan (Yayao) 屙尿
Dongguan 屙尿
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 屙尿
Yangjiang 屙尿
Zhanjiang 擺柳
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 屙尿
Penang (Guangfu) 小便
Singapore (Guangfu) 屙尿, 𭉝𭉝 childish
Gan Nanchang 屙尿, 解小手
Lichuan 屙尿
Pingxiang 屙尿, 解小手
Hakka Meixian 屙尿
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 屙尿, 屙注 childish
Changting 屙尿
Yudu 屙尿
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屙尿
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 屙尿
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 屙尿
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 屙尿
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 屙尿
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 屙尿
Senai (Huiyang) 屙尿
Kuching (Hepo) 屙尿
Huizhou Jixi 屙尿
Jin Taiyuan 尿尿
Northern Min Jian'ou 𱚺尿
Eastern Min Fuzhou 拉尿, 小解
Southern Min Xiamen 放尿, 濺尿, 便
Quanzhou 放尿, 濺尿, 便
Jinjiang 放尿
Zhangzhou 放尿, 濺尿
Zhao'an 放尿
New Taipei (Tamsui) 放尿
New Taipei (Pingxi) 放尿
Kaohsiung (Cijin) 放尿
Yilan (Toucheng) 放尿
Penghu (Xiyu) 放尿
Penang (Hokkien) 放尿
Singapore (Hokkien) 放尿, 濺尿
Manila (Hokkien) 放尿, 小便
Chaozhou 放尿
Shantou 放尿
Shantou (Chaoyang) 放尿
Jieyang 放尿
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 放尿
Singapore (Teochew) 放尿
Pontianak (Teochew) 放尿
Leizhou 放尿
Wenchang 放尿
Haikou 放尿
Singapore (Hainanese) 放尿
Puxian Min Putian 拉尿
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 拉尿
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 拉尿
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 拉尿
Xianyou 拉尿
Xianyou (Fengting) 拉尿
Xianyou (Youyang) 拉尿
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 拉尿
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 屙尿
Wu Shanghai 拆尿, 惹尿, 小便, 小解, 解小溲, 交水費, 唱歌 humorous, 噓噓 childish, 拆尿尿 childish, 惹尿尿 childish, 小溲 dated
Shanghai (Chongming) 射尿
Suzhou 拆尿, 惹尿
Wuxi 惹尿
Danyang 渣尿
Hangzhou 惹尿
Ningbo 惹尿
Wenzhou 拉尿
Jinhua 射尿, 泡尿, 放尿
Xiang Changsha 屙尿, 解小手
Loudi 屙尿, 射尿, 解小手, 屙稀稀 childish
Shuangfeng 屙尿

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Note: vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: biêng6 / biang6 / pin1 / piang6
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: piĕng / piăng / phiⁿ / phiăng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /pieŋ³⁵/, /piaŋ³⁵/, /pʰĩ³³/, /pʰiaŋ³⁵/
Note:
  • biêng6 - Chaozhou;
  • biang6 - Shantou;
  • piang6 - in 大腹便便;
  • pin1 - cheap.
Rime
Character 便
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房連切
Baxter bjien
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/biᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biɛn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bjæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bian/
Li
Rong 		/biɛn/
Wang
Li 		/bĭɛn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		pián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		pin4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 便
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		pián
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjien ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]e[n]/
English glib-tongued

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 便
Reading # 1/2
No. 773
Phonetic
component 		便
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		便
Old
Chinese 		/*ben/
Notes 金文象執鞭抽人背，
右爲鞭初文，非更字

Definitions

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便

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) quiet and comfortable
  2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) slim and graceful
  3. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) nimble
  4. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) eloquent
  5. cheap; inexpensive
    便宜  ―  piányi  ―  cheap

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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便

  1. (Cantonese, no longer productive) Suffix for locational nouns; side

Compounds

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  • 一二便 (jat1 ji6 bin6, “somewhere aside”) (Cantonese)
  • 一便 (Cantonese)
  • 上便 (soeng6 bin6, “above”) (Cantonese)
  • 下便 (haa6 bin6, “below”) (Cantonese)
  • 側便 / 侧便 (zak1 bin6) (Cantonese)
  • 入便 (jap6 bin6, “inside”) (Cantonese)
  • 兩便 / 两便 (loeng5 bin6, “both sides”) (Cantonese)
  • 出便 (ceot1 bin6, “outside”) (Cantonese)
  • 前便 (cin4 bin6, “in front”) (Cantonese)
  • 北便 (bak1 bin6, “the north”) (Cantonese)
  • 南便 (naam4 bin6, “the south”) (Cantonese)
  • 右便 (jau6 bin6, “the right”) (Cantonese)
  • 右手便 (jau6 sau2 bin6, “right hand side”) (Cantonese)
  • 呢便 (“this side”) (Cantonese)
  • 嗰便 (go2 bin6, “that side”) (Cantonese)
  • 四便 (sei3 bin6, “all four sides”) (Cantonese)
  • 埋便 (maai4 bin6, “inside, inner side”) (Cantonese)
  • 外便 (ngoi6 bin6, “outside”) (Cantonese)
  • 左便 (zo2 bin6, “the left”) (Cantonese)
  • 左手便 (zo2 sau2 bin6, “left hand side”) (Cantonese)
  • 後便 / 后便 (hau6 bin6, “behind”) (Cantonese)
  • 東便 / 东便 (dung1 bin6, “the east”) (Cantonese)
  • 裡便 / 里便 (leoi5 bin6, “inside”) (Cantonese)
  • 西便 (sai1 bin6, “the west”) (Cantonese)
  • 邊便 / 边便 (bin1 bin6, “which side”) (Cantonese)
  • 開便 / 开便 (hoi1 bin6, “outside, outer side”) (Cantonese)

References

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  • “便”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “便（方～）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 212.
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “便（～宜）”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 212.

Japanese

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Kanji

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便

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: べん (ben, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: へん (hen)
  • Kan’yō-on: びん (bin, Jōyō)
  • Kun: たより (tayori, 便り, Jōyō)、すなわち (sunawachi, 便ち)

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
便
べん
Grade: 4
goon

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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便(べん) • (ben) -na (adnominal 便(べん)な (ben na), adverbial 便(べん)に (ben ni))

  1. convenient
Inflection
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Inflection of 便
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 便だろ べんだろ ben daro
Continuative (連用形) 便で べんで ben de
Terminal (終止形) 便だ べんだ ben da
Attributive (連体形) 便な べんな ben na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 便なら べんなら ben nara
Imperative (命令形) 便であれ べんであれ ben de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 便ではない
便じゃない 		べんではない
べんじゃない 		ben de wa nai
ben ja nai
Informal past 便だった べんだった ben datta
Informal negative past 便ではなかった
便じゃなかった 		べんではなかった
べんじゃなかった 		ben de wa nakatta
ben ja nakatta
Formal 便です べんです ben desu
Formal negative 便ではありません
便じゃありません 		べんではありません
べんじゃありません 		ben de wa arimasen
ben ja arimasen
Formal past 便でした べんでした ben deshita
Formal negative past 便ではありませんでした
便じゃありませんでした 		べんではありませんでした
べんじゃありませんでした 		ben de wa arimasen deshita
ben ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 便で べんで ben de
Conditional 便なら（ば） べんなら（ば） ben nara (ba)
Provisional 便だったら べんだったら ben dattara
Volitional 便だろう べんだろう ben darō
Adverbial 便に べんに ben ni
Degree 便さ べんさ bensa

Adjective

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便(べん) • (ben) †-nari

  1. convenient

Inflection

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Classical conjugation of "便なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 便なら べんなら bennara
Continuative (連用形) 便に[1]
便なり[2]		 べんに
べんなり		 benni
bennari
Terminal (終止形) 便なり べんなり bennari
Attributive (連体形) 便なる べんなる bennaru
Realis (已然形) 便なれ べんなれ bennare
Imperative (命令形) 便なれ べんなれ bennare
Key constructions
Negative 便ならず べんならず bennarazu
Contrasting conjunction 便なれど べんなれど bennaredo
Causal conjunction 便なれば べんなれば bennareba
Conditional conjunction 便ならば べんならば bennaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 便なりき べんなりき bennariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 便なりけり べんなりけり bennarikeri
Adverbial 便に べんに benni

[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

Noun

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便(べん) • (ben) 

  1. a convenience
  2. facilities
    交通(こうつう)の便(べん)がいい
    kōtsū no ben ga ii
    good transport facilities
  3. bowel movement
Synonyms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
便
びん
Grade: 4
kan'yōon

Pronunciation

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Noun

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便(びん) • (bin) 

  1. a flight
  2. mail
  3. (bus) service

See also

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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
便
よすが
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 便 – see the following entry.
【よすが】
[noun] something to rely on; a connection, affinity
[noun] someone to rely on; a relative
[noun] an opportunity, way, means
Alternative spellings
縁, 因
(This term, 便, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology 1

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From Middle Chinese 便 (MC bjien|bjienH, “comfortable”).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 뼌 (Yale: ppyèn) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 쟉마ᄌᆞᆯ 변 Recorded as Middle Korean 변 (pyen) (Yale: pyen) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Gwangju Cheonjamun, 1575 편안 편[1] Recorded as Middle Korean 편 (phyen) (Yale: phyen) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
  1. ^ 平聲 [Level tone]
Historical readings

Pronunciation

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  • (convenience; etc.):
  • (in 편지 (便紙, pyeonji)):
    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pʰjɘ(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [편(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

便 (eumhun 편할 편 (pyeonhal pyeon))

  1. hanja form? of 편 (“convenience; ease; comfortability”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From Middle Chinese 便 (MC bjienH, “human waste”).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean 뼌〮 (Yale: ppyén) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527 오좀〮 편 Recorded as Middle Korean 편 (phyen) (Yale: phyèn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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便 (eumhun 똥오줌 변 (ttong'ojum byeon))

  1. hanja form? of 변 (“feces and urine”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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便: Hán Nôm readings: tiện, biền

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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